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Biomedical subjects

M Cooper

Publications and source records attributed to M Cooper.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Suicide following homicide in the family.

Previous research has established that perpetrators of homicide-suicide share more characteristics with those who commit suicide than they do with those who commit homicide without suicide. This article examines the characteristics of victims, perpetrators and the circumstances leading to the homicide of a sample of familial homicide-suicides and familial homicides in southwest British Columbia. A familial homicide was defined as one in which the victim and perpetrator were related directly or indirectly through blood or an intimate relationship. Suicide only occurred following the killing of an intimate partner and/or offspring. Consistent with an evolutionary perspective, homicides followed by suicide were most often attributable to male proprietariness (manifested by killing former intimate partners or offspring following an intimate separation) or mental illness. By contrast, none of the murders which occurred as a result of violence by the victim, child abuse, family conflict, or financial/criminal motives was followed by suicide.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Cloning and characterisation of the gene encoding the ribosomal protein S5 (also known as rp14, S2, YS8) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The protein sequence derived from a cloned yeast gene and partial cDNA has high sequence identity to 40S ribosomal subunit S5 proteins of higher eukaryotic origin. The open reading frame of the gene is flanked by consensus sequence motifs characteristic of ribosomal protein genes and the pattern of transcription of the gene in yeast cells subjected to nutritional shift or temperature shock is also typical of a ribosomal protein gene. The gene is single copy and essential for viability. The predicted sequence of the N-terminus of the protein identifies it as a phosphorylated ribosomal protein variously known as rp14, S2 or YS8, the least basic of the non-acidic ribosomal proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

The expression of the imprinted H19 and IGF-2 genes in human bladder carcinoma.

The imprinted H19 gene is highly expressed in human embryos, fetal tissues and is nearly completely shut off in adults. However, it is reexpressed in a number of tumors including bladder carcinoma, demonstrating that H19 RNA is an oncofetal RNA. Tumors induced by injection of bladder carcinoma cell lines express H19 in contrast to the cells before injection. These observations support the notion of a positive correlation between H19 expression and bladder carcinoma. Loss of imprinting of H19 and IGF-2 was observed in samples of human bladder carcinoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Identification and characterization of Uss1p (Sdb23p): a novel U6 snRNA-associated protein with significant similarity to core proteins of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins.

The SDB23 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was isolated in a search for high copy-number suppressors of mutations in a cell cycle gene, DBF2, SDB23 encodes a 21,276 Da protein with significant sequence similarity to characterized mammalian snRNP core proteins. Examination of multiple sequence alignments of snRNP core proteins with Sdb23p indicates that all of these proteins share a number of highly conserved residues, and identifies a novel motif for snRNP core proteins. Sdb23p is essential for cell viability and is required for nuclear pre-mRNA splicing both in vivo and in vitro. Extracts prepared from Sdb23p-depleted cells are unable to support splicing and have vastly reduced levels of U6 snRNA. The stability of U1, U2, U4 and U5 spliceosomal snRNAs is not affected by the loss of Sdb23p. Antibodies raised against Sdb23p strongly coimmunoprecipitate free U6 snRNA and U4/U6 base-paired snRNAs. These results establish that SDB23 encodes a novel U6 snRNA-associated protein that is essential for the stability of U6 snRNA. We therefore propose the more logical name USS1 (U-Six SnRNP) for this gene.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Sacral edema: computed tomographic and anatomical observations.

Sacral edema is a widely recognized clinical sign. Hitherto there has been no method of radiological confirmation, nor has the anatomy of this sign been well described. In a prospective study of 100 patients referred for abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT), 17 showed radiological evidence of sacral edema. It was demonstrated clinically in 12 of these 17 patients, leaving five patients with apparent CT evidence of sacral edema in whom this was not demonstrated clinically. In two patients with clinical evidence of sacral edema, their tissue planes in this region appeared normal on CT. The edema fluid accumulates in an intermediate plane of fibrous tissue within the subcutaneous fatty layer of the trunk. In those 17 patients with CT evidence of edema, the center of the fluid accumulation was situated over the lumbar rather than the sacral spine, suggesting that the term "sacral" edema is something of a misnomer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Epilepsy and employment--employers' attitudes.

The aim of this study was to examine the possible causes of employment difficulties amongst people with epilepsy by interviewing employers. It was hoped that the outcome of the study would complement the research already carried out in this field by concentrating on the attitudes and policies of employers. Due to the time limit it was decided that a small number (five) of local employers should be approached requesting an interview. The employers were randomly selected but were all large companies within varying industries. All employers approached agreed to participate in the study and interviews were arranged with welfare recruitment staff. The interviews were limited to 45 minutes and concentrated on three main issues for discussion: disclosure, unemployment and improved relationship between employers and people with epilepsy. The outcome of the interviews was that the employers appeared to be rather unaware of the employment problems faced by people with epilepsy. As epilepsy is generally not a registered disability employers are unable to monitor their company's recruitment and promotion methods. It seems that line managers are left to decide on the employment of people with epilepsy often without even general awareness training on equal opportunities. Consequently their need to meet targets and their personal attitude to epilepsy determine the employment chances for people with epilepsy. Only with legislations protecting the interests of people with epilepsy can the unemployment figures be brought in line with the general population.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Development of a training model for ultrasound-guided invasive procedures in fetal medicine.

Training in ultrasound-guided procedures in fetal medicine is currently available in a few major fetal medicine units. Unlike elective surgical procedures, cordocentesis is usually performed without sedation as an outpatient procedure and active supervision of the trainee intensifies the anxiety already felt by the patient. In addition, the complication rate is higher in the initial few procedures or when the procedure is not regularly practiced. We have developed a comprehensive method of training for transabdominal invasive procedures using a medical model that simulates the in vivo situation.

Cordocentesis↗
PubMed1995

Applying the codependency model to a group for families of obsessive-compulsive people.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder places formidable burdens on family members who are drawn into bizarre enabling behaviors to pacify their ill relatives. Some families exhibit a high tolerance for inappropriate behavior and evidence characteristics similar to those seen in families of alcoholics. This article applies the codependency group model to families of obsessive-compulsive people based on a definition of codependency that views these families as normal, feeling people who are trying to cope with unremitting stress. Clinical vignettes illustrate how these families are similar to families of alcoholics in their management of emotions and in their dysfunctional behaviors. Recommendations are offered for practitioners who work with families of mentally ill people.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Capacity for methane oxidation in landfill cover soils measured in laboratory-scale soil microcosms.

Laboratory-scale soil microcosms containing different soils were permeated with CH(inf4) for up to 6 months to investigate their capacity to develop a methanotrophic community. Methane emissions were monitored continuously until steady states were established. The porous, coarse sand soil developed the greatest methanotrophic capacity (10.4 mol of CH(inf4) (middot) m(sup-2) (middot) day(sup-1)), the greatest yet reported in the literature. Vertical profiles of O(inf2), CH(inf4), and methanotrophic potential in the soils were determined at steady state. Methane oxidation potentials were greatest where the vertical profiles of O(inf2) and CH(inf4) overlapped. A significant increase in the organic matter content of the soil, presumably derived from methanotroph biomass, occurred where CH(inf4) oxidation was greatest. Methane oxidation kinetics showed that a soil community with a low methanotrophic capacity (V(infmax) of 258 nmol (middot) g of soil(sup-1) (middot) h(sup-1)) but relatively high affinity (k(infapp) of 1.6 (mu)M) remained in N(inf2)-purged control microcosms, even after 6 months without CH(inf4). We attribute this to a facultative, possibly mixotrophic, methanotrophic microbial community. When purged with CH(inf4), a different methanotrophic community developed which had a lower affinity (k(infapp) of 31.7 (mu)M) for CH(inf4) but a greater capacity (V(infmax) of 998 nmol (middot) g of soil(sup-1) (middot) h(sup-1)) for CH(inf4) oxidation, reflecting the enrichment of an active high-capacity methanotrophic community. Compared with the unamended control soil, amendment of the coarse sand with sewage sludge enhanced CH(inf4) oxidation capacity by 26%; K(inf2)HPO(inf4) amendment had no significant effect, while amendment with NH(inf4)NO(inf3) reduced the CH(inf4) oxidation capacity by 64%. In vitro experiments suggested that NH(inf4)NO(inf3) additions (10 and 71 (mu)mol (middot) g of soil(sup-1)) inhibited CH(inf4) oxidation by a nonspecific ionic effect rather than by specific inhibition by NH(inf4)(sup+).

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

Microalbuminuria in diabetes.

This statement summarises current understanding of the role of microalbuminuria in diabetic nephropathy and describes its natural history and clinical relevance. It outlines core facts and makes recommendations for the management of patients with persistent microalbuminuria.

Albuminuria↗