Responding to the information needs of young people whose parents or siblings have cancer: a description of a National Cancer Institute booklet.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
M Cosgrove
Publications and source records attributed to M Cosgrove.
Granulomatous inflammation in pineal germinoma. A cause of diagnostic failure at stereotaxic brain biopsy.
We report four patients with pineal germinoma in whom the initial procedure for obtaining a tissue diagnosis was a stereotaxic biopsy. In all four cases, the biopsy showed granulomatous inflammation with epithelioid cells and lymphocytes. In one case, the granulomatous inflammation was accompanied by classical germinoma. Another case exhibited malignant cells considered nondiagnostic for a specific neoplasm. Two cases had no evidence of a malignant tumor; they were composed entirely of granulomatous inflammation. In two of the three cases where the diagnosis was not established by the first biopsy, a second stereotaxic biopsy showed pineal germinoma. Tissue obtained at resection in the third patient revealed large areas of granulomatous inflammation accompanying the germinoma. Immunoperoxidase stains for ferritin and placental alkaline phosphatase did not increase diagnostic yield. We conclude that a finding of granulomatous inflammation in a stereotaxic biopsy specimen of a pineal mass should suggest a diagnosis of germinoma, followed by sampling from several different target points within the lesion.
Adolescent↗
Rapid diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis in tissues.
Disseminated histoplasmosis may resemble other disseminated infections, including mycobacterial, fungal, and parasitic diseases, and may be difficult to diagnose and treat in a timely fashion. Diagnosis may depend on microbiologic cultures that may take several weeks for definitive identification, with consequent prolonged hospitalization of the patient. An immunoperoxidase method is described for rapid diagnosis in tissues of Histoplasma capsulatum that can be applied to cytologic smears, frozen sections, and paraffin-embedded tissues processed by routine procedures. The stain can accurately distinguish histoplasma organisms from several other morphologically similar fungi or parasites, and can yield a definitive diagnosis in much less time than microbiologic culture.
Adult↗
Women in urology: a splash in the pan.
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Egypt↗
Sarcocystis sp. in the eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus).
Sarcocystis sp. was observed in 100 of 185 (54.1%) Eastern cottontails (Sylvilagus floridanus) examined in Pennsylvania over a three year period. Gross and histologic examination commonly revealed cysts in skeletal muscle of the fore and hind legs, flanks and loins. Two rabbits had cysts in esophageal skeletal muscle. Host response to Sarcocystis sp. is described. Adult rabbits had a significantly greater rate of infection (69.3%) than juveniles (20.7%) (P less than 0.01).
Age Factors↗
Gastrointestinal parasites of the eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) in central Pennsylvania.
During a 3 year period, 186 eastern cottontails (Sylvilagus floridanus) were trapped from two areas and examined for helminth and protozoan parasites. Fecal samples from 139 were evaluated for coccidia and helminth ova. Nine species of coccictia were identified: Eimera audubonii, E. azul, E. environ, E. honessi, E. maior, E.minima, E. neoirresidua, E. neoleporis, and E. sylvilagi. Ova from 5 helminth species were found: Cittotaenia sp., Hastilesia tricolor, Passalurus sp., a trichostrongyle-type nematode species, and Trichuris sp. Five helminths were recovered from stomachs and small intestines: Cittotaenia sp. H. tricolor, Obeliscoides cuniculi,, Passalurus ambiguus, and Trichostrongylus calcaratus.
Animals↗
Cryptorchidism and testicular neoplasia.
A retrospective review of 20 cases of testicular neoplasia in cryptorchid patients is presented. These cases serve to emphasize the need for more effective diagnosis and management of the undescended testis. The various clinical presentations, diagnostic modalities, prognostic indicators, and types of management are reviewed. Due to its inaccessibility and array of clinical presentations, the intraabdominal testies tumor continues to be a diagnostic challenge. Strict attention to diagnostic cues and adherence to the management practices presented here would hopefully result in an overall decrease in testis tumors in the post-pubertal male.
Adolescent↗
Rosette formation by canine leukocytes with human erythrocytes.
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Animals↗
Urogenital tract abnormalities in sons of women treated with diethylstilbestrol.
Since in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) is known to cause abnormalities of the female genital tract later in life, exposed male offspring were located, surveyed by mail, and compared with unexposed male offspring from the same period and medical practices. The exposed and unexposed respondents appeared comparable and did not differ in their response to most medical questions. However, a larger proportion of exposed than of unexposed boys had experienced problems in passing urine (12.9% vs. 1.8%, P = .0003) and abnormalities of the penile urethra (4.4% vs. 0%; P = .017).
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
Prostate carcinoma: measures to improve therapeutic response and prevent complications.
Between 1965 and 1973, 80 patients with prostatic carcinoma were treated with definitive supervoltage irradiation; 35 patients received adjuvant estrogens. A favorable tumor response was uniformly observed in patients with less advanced tumors who received a minimum of 6,000 rads tumor dose and adjuvant estrogens. Radiation complications were frequent and severe in patients with locally advanced tumors who had antecedent lower urinary tract surgery and received a minimum of 7,000 rads tumor dose. Complications were less frequent in patients who received adjuvant estrogens, and complications were uncommon and mild in patients who received less than 7,000 rads.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Increased plasma catecholamine concentrations and vas deferens norepinephrine biosynthesis in men with elevated blood pressure.
Systemic biochemical indexes of sympathetic nerve functionplasma catecholamine concentrations and serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activitywere correlated with regional indexesnorepinephrine concentration activities of norepinephrine biosynthetic enzymes in the vas deferensānd with blood pressures and pulse rates of 57 men at the time of vasectomy. Mean plasma catecholamine content was increased 66% and 60% in men with elevated systolic and elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressures, respectively. The norepinephrine concentration, tyrosine hydroxylase activity, and dopa decarboxylase activity in the vas deferens were increased in 12%, 26%, and 17% of the men with elevated blood pressure, respectively. Tyrosine hydroxylase and dopa decarboxylase in the men with elevated systolic blood pressure were increased 41% and 68%, respectively, compared with values in the men with normal blood pressure (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.02). Individual plasma catecholamine content was related directly to both systolic and mean blood pressure (P less than 0.01) and to activities of vas deferens tyrosine hydroxylases (P less than 0.05) and dopa decarboxylase (P less than 0.01). There was a weak, but not significant, correlation of plasma catecholamine concentration with serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity. Raised plasma catecholamine concentration in men with elevated blood pressure prior to vasectomy was associated with increased neurotransmitter biosynthesis in their vas deferens, which may indicate increased sympathetic nerve tonicity and perhaps be a factor contributing to the blood pressure elevation.
Adult↗
Altered blood androgens in elderly men with prostate hyperplasia.
Plasma testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were measured in the plasma of otherwise healthy men ages 60-90 who had prostate hyperplasia. The androgens were measured by specific radioimmunoassays using paper and celite column chromatography. In the elderly subjects, plasma T was 466+/-35 (SE) ng per 100 ml which is reduced (p less than 0.05) as compared with values from younger men. In contrast, DHT levels were elevated when compared with values from men ages 20-39, 89 (53-152) versus 49 (33-74) 95% confidence ng per 100 ml. Analysis of data by the Mann Whitney U test demonstrates that the groups are different (p less than 0.001). These studies indicate that DHT levels and T/DHT ratios are altered in unstressed elderly men with BPH. Further study is necessary to delineate the source of DHT and whether these altered androgen levels are the cause of prostate hypertrophy or an unrelated effect of aging.
Adult↗