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Biomedical subjects

M Coupe

Publications and source records attributed to M Coupe.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Acute diquat poisoning with intracerebral bleeding.

A case of severe diquat poisoning complicated by the development of aggressive behaviour, oliguric renal failure, and intracerebral bleeding is described. The patient was successfully managed and made a complete recovery. In this paper special attention has been given to the major clinical differences between diquat and paraquat intoxication.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1990

Gastric enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells in hypergastrinaemic duodenal ulcer disease.

Patients with hypergastrinaemic duodenal ulcer disease were studied to determine whether chronic moderate hypergastrinaemia produces hyperplasia of gastric enterochromaffin-like cells in man. Eight patients had peak postprandial plasma gastrin concentrations greater than 200 pmol/l, which is the 92nd percentile for patients with duodenal ulcer disease in this laboratory. The control group was eight patients with duodenal ulcers whose peak postprandial gastrin concentrations were less than 200 pmol/l. Basal and peak postprandial plasma gastrin concentrations were 107 (37) and 306 (66) pmol/l (mean (SEM] respectively in the hypergastrinaemic patients compared with 26 (4) and 137 (14) pmol/l respectively in the controls. There was no significant difference in the density of gastrin enterochromaffin-like cells between the two groups. The number of enterochromaffin-like cells per high power field was 53 (8) in the hypergastrinaemic patients compared with 50 (8) in the controls. We conclude that chronic moderate hypergastrinaemia does not produce hyperplasia of enterochromaffin-like cells in man. Our hypergastrinaemic group had plasma gastrin concentrations similar to, or greater than those reported during treatment with drugs such as omeprazole and histamine H2 receptor blockers.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Studies of polymorphonuclear migration into psoriatic skin using a new in vivo method.

A new method, employing a skin-implanted cell trap already used to study chemotaxis in cancer patients, was applied to 35 healthy volunteers and 12 psoriatic patients. A dacron disk impregnated with 10 microliters of 4-6.10(6) live BCG suspension was implanted in the deep dermis. After 24 h the disk was removed, and five sections of each disk were counted for polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and monocytes. Involved and uninvolved psoriatic skin showed a decrease of PMN migration into the disk as compared with controls. No difference could be demonstrated between involved and uninvolved skin. Mononuclear cell chemotaxis was the same in psoriasis as in controls. These results are in agreement with other in vivo data using mainly the skin chamber technique indicating a decrease of PMN chemotaxis in psoriatic skin at 24 h.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Therapy for symptoms in the carcinoid syndrome.

The clinical course and results of drug treatment for manifestations of the carcinoid syndrome are reviewed in 63 patients. The five-year actuarial survival in this group of patients was 48 per cent. The only markers of a poor prognosis that could be identified at diagnosis were marked weight loss and a high (over 1000 mumol/day) 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid excretion. The relative effectiveness of well-established drugs that either block 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis or block 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors is reported, with respect to the different manifestations of the syndrome, and compared with a small group of patients treated with long-acting somatostatin analogue. In over one-third of patients, primary tumours were not detected on initial investigation, and in none of these did symptoms referrable to the primary site become apparent later.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Clonal rearrangement of the T-cell receptor gamma gene associated with a bizarre lymphoproliferative syndrome.

Investigations in an unusual patient with prolonged fever, fat necrosis and haemorrhagic tendency showed widespread histiocytic phagocytosis in fat and liver biopsy specimens. Lymph nodes were also infiltrated by morphologically normal T lymphocytes predominantly expressing the OKT4 antigen. Analysis of lymph node DNA using immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor (TCR) probes showed rearrangement restricted to the gamma TCR gene combined with polyclonal beta TCR gene rearrangements, thus providing evidence of a unique lymphoproliferative disorder of T cells. The patient displayed a striking response to cytotoxic chemotherapy.

DNA↗
PubMed1987

[The chronobiology of inflammation].

The inflammatory reaction is characterized by a multifrequency time structure with prominent circadian, ultradian and infradian rhythms in cell proliferation and cell function. The circulating blood cells show highly reproducible circadian rhythms in human and in animals. Daily fluctuations of concentrations of haematologic chemical and endocrinological parameters are described. Circannual variations of several hematologic parameters are presented. Chronobiological studies of plasma exudation in carrageenan paw oedema show a circadian and a circannual rhythm. Daily and annual changes in migration of polymorphonuclear leucocyte produced by BCG are studied in mice. Differences in response are observed in adrenalectomized and castrated animals. The susceptibility of cells and tissues at different stages of their circadian or circannual rhythms lead to the development of a chronotherapy of inflammation.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Self-poisoning with sustained-release aminophylline: a mechanism for observed secondary rise in serum theophylline.

It has been known for some time that after the ingestion of a large quantity of sustained-release aminophylline tablets, a secondary rise in theophylline concentration may occur (Connell et al., 1982). This has, in the past, been ascribed variously to continued absorption from the sustained release formulation (Struthers et al., 1982) or to redistribution of the drug after charcoal haemoperfusion (Connell et al., 1982). This case demonstrates that Phyllocontin S-R tablets may cause a compacted mass in the stomach, which may become resistant to gastric lavage, and thus become a potential source of a sudden secondary rise in theophylline concentration.

Aminophylline↗
PubMed1985

[Preliminary results of a prospective study of microcirculatory disorders in alcoholic fibro-cirrhosis. Relation to hyperestrogenism].

In the course of alcoholic cirrhosis, the low incidence of occlusive arterial diseases in the lower limbs, as well as the analogy in skin lesions between cirrhosis and pregnant women, lead to believe that hyperestrogenism may be common origin of these skin lesions. Research of abnormal microcirculation in the nailfold and oestrogen's receptors have been performed in a cirrhotic (20) and hyperestrogenic (12) population. The capillaroscopic abnormalities have been as follows: fine and short capillaries, oedema slacked circulation, the underlying structure was pale with peripheral halo. These have been observed both in the cirrhotic and hyperestrogenic patients. These oestrogenic receptor in both populations seem mainly localised in the granulosa structure and are more numerous than normal. Capillaroscopic features on the cirrhotic patients were similar to those on hyperestrogenic patients. The presence of oestrogenic receptors in the skin bears no particular significance at the present time.

Estrogens↗
PubMed1982

Functional assessment of alveolar macrophages: comparison of cells from asthmatics and normal subjects.

Alveolar macrophages (AM) were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from seven healthy nonallergic, nonasthmatic donors, 15 patients with allergic bronchial asthma, and six patients with aspirin-sensitive asthma. AM were purified by adherence over 2 hr and cultured for an additional 24 hr. Functional assessment of viable cells was carried out for zymosan phagocytosis and for prostaglandin (PG) E2-PGF2 alpha and thromboxane (Tx) B2 release by resting and zymosan-stimulated AM. The eosinophil count in BAL fluid from allergic asthmatics was higher than that from control subjects (3.9% +/- 1.6% vs 0.4% +/- 0.3%, p less than 0.05) and still greater in BAL from patients with aspirin-sensitive asthma (21.7% +/- 9.0%, p less than 0.01). After the 24 hr of incubation, the AM viability was inversely correlated to the percentage of eosinophils in BAL fluid (r = -0.54, n = 21, p less than 0.02). Zymosan phagocytosis was significantly lower by viable cells from both allergic asthmatics and aspirin-sensitive patients as compared with cells from normal donors (p less than 0.05). Zymosan phagocytosis induced a twofold to threefold increase in the release of PGE2, PGF2 alpha, and TxB2 from AM of normal subjects (p less than 0.01) but only a onefold to twofold increase from AM of allergic asthmatic patients. The stimulated AM from aspirin-sensitive patients released smaller quantities of each product than AM from normal subjects or allergic asthmatic patients (p less than 0.05). We conclude that the viability and functional activity of AM are impaired in asthmatic patients and that these deficits correlate with the percent eosinophilia in the BAL; it is therefore suggested that they may be due to an interaction between eosinophils and AM in the bronchoalveolar lumen.

Asthma↗