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Biomedical subjects

M D Anglin

Publications and source records attributed to M D Anglin.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Ethnic differences in narcotics addiction. II. Chicano and Anglo addiction career patterns.

Part I of this series compared characteristics of 546 Chicanos and Anglo men and women methadone maintenance (MM) clients. In Part II, specific differences between Chicanos and Anglos are analyzed, by sex, for each of five stages in the addiction career: preexperimentation, experimentation addiction, initial MM treatment, and posttreatment. The analysis examines narcotic and other drug use, arrest, incarceration and legal supervision histories, criminal involvement, employment, interpersonal relationships, and treatment history. Whereas preaddiction differences between addicts parallel ethnic differences found in the general population, after addiction occurs the similarities are greater than the dissimilarities between ethnic groups, except for Chicanas. Chicanos appear to continue to function as part of their community after addiction, but Chicanas appear to risk becoming marginal. Treatment outcomes for Chicanos were, in general, less successful than for Anglos.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Ethnic differences in narcotics addiction. I. Characteristics of Chicano and Anglo methadone maintenance clients.

This paper reviews the research literature comparing Chicano (Mexican American) to Anglo heroin addicts. In addition, characteristics of 546 Chicano and Anglo men and women who had been clients of southern California methadone maintenance programs in 1978 are compared. Background factors examined include nativity, family socioeconomic status (SES) and family interpersonal relationships, education, and gang membership. Lifetime characteristics and status at follow-up interview are reported with particular attention to legal status, criminality, employment, and interpersonal relationships. Drug experimentation history and circumstances surrounding narcotics initiation are also compared. Most observed differences prior to addiction are similar to ethnic differences found in the general population. Part II analyzes ethnic differences progressing through five stages of the addiction career.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Sex differences in addict careers. 1. Initiation of use.

Five-hundred-sixty-seven heroin addicts admitted to methadone maintenance treatment programs in southern California were included in the present analysis. Systematic comparisons were made between women and men for Anglo and Chicano subpopulations. The behaviors compared focused on initial drug use and other antecedent behaviors during the year prior to initiation of heroin use including interpersonal relationships, other substance use, drug dealing, legal income, and various criminal behaviors. Unlike men, the initial use of heroin by women was highly influenced by a man, especially by a sex partner who is often a daily heroin user. On the other hand, many women (like men) reported self-initiation of heroin use, multiple drug use, and drug dealing, thus demonstrating that they took an active role in their drug involvement. Other differences between men and women for antecedent behaviors prior to narcotics use appear to be related to traditional expectations about gender roles in American society.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Sex differences in addict careers. 2. Becoming addicted.

Sex differences are examined for the period during which addiction develops after initial narcotics use. About 25% of the 546 heroin addicts studied became addicted within 1 month after initial use. More women than men fell into this category, and, on the average, women took less time to become addicted. For the majority of those studied (whose addiction occurred 1 month or longer after initial use), patterns of narcotic use during this phase of the addiction career were not significantly different by sex within Anglo or Chicano groups. Differences between female and male addicts in interpersonal relationships, other substance use, drug dealing, legal employment, and criminal behaviors parallel traditional sex role expectations.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Sex differences in addict careers. 3. Addiction.

The process and correlates of addiction prior to treatment are examined for a sample of 546 women and men methadone maintenance clients. Narcotic addiction careers for women (defined both as from first daily use to first treatment intervention, and from first daily use to last daily use of heroin) were shorter than those for men, and women entered treatment earlier. However, the narcotic drug use patterns for women were not substantially different from those for men (including mean percentage of time using, number of times abstinent, number of relapses, and so forth). Narcotics use for many women was influenced by a spouse or partner, but some also reported increased use for hedonistic reasons. Criminal behaviors increased for both women and men after addiction, and the major sex difference was the type of crime committed. Differences for women and men for employment, welfare, and interpersonal relationships reflected patterns found in the larger society.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Sex differences in addict careers. 4. Treatment.

Comparisons of behaviors during treatment were made between a sample of women and a sample of men methadone maintenance clients. Women in this study exhibited high motivation for treatment. Overall, however, small differences were found between the sexes with respect to treatment process and outcome measures. The observed differences that were significant included use of substances other than heroin, interpersonal relationships, drug dealing, employment, and criminal behaviors. The differences seemed to be in accordance with traditional sex role expectations. The distinctive behavior pattern of Chicanas demonstrated in this study demands special attention. It is suggested that treatment programs should incorporate more services to meet women-specific needs.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Conditional factors of maturing out: personal resources and preaddiction sociopathy.

The study continues exploration of the conditional nature of the process of maturing out of narcotics addiction over time. It tests hypotheses about the relationship of selected personal resource/sociodemographic variables (including ethnicity and employability) and preaddiction sociopathy characteristics to maturing out. Hypotheses were tested using log-linear models on data from the California Civil Addict Program. Results suggest that while the process of maturing out over time is not substantially different depending upon level of preaddiction sociopathy or ethnicity, the process may be influenced by levels of other personal resource characteristics.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Survival analysis in drug program evaluation. Part I. Overall program effectiveness.

Survivorship analysis is a statistical technique used here in a summative evaluation that compares outcome data from multiple-site methadone maintenance programs in three California counties. Multiple outcome measures were obtained from retrospective interviews with 297 heroin addicts 6-8 years after admission to treatment. These measures were rates of retention, incarceration, addiction, crime, dealing, and loss of employment. Survival curves for all six measures are consistent in showing that Los Angeles County had the best outcomes, followed by San Bernardino County and then Orange County.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Survival analysis in drug program evaluation. Part II. Partitioning treatment effects.

Survivorship analysis is applied to both a summative process (during treatment) and a summative outcome (after discharge) evaluation comparing data obtained from 297 admissions to multiple-site methadone maintenance programs in three California counties. Measures included rates of retention, incarceration, addiction, crime, dealing, and loss of employment. In order to take full advantage of the multiple outcome measures that were used, a method for within-subject simultaneous consideration of all outcome measures is presented. This method is an adaptation of the Friedman nonparametric analysis of variance and a Bonferroni post hoc comparison of the mean ranks.

Crime↗
PubMed1987

Similarity of behavior within addict couples. Part II. Addiction-related variables.

The similarity of behavioral patterns within addict couples before, during, and after a relationship is the focus of this paper. The correlations between partners in real and artificially constructed (pseudo) couples for employment, criminal activities, and other behaviors are examined. The effect of a relationship on behavior is also assessed before, during, and after treatment. Significant correlations during real relationships were found for employment, welfare, and illegal income. Joint couple entry into treatment appears to be more effective for women than men. Similarity within couples disappears when the relationship ends.

Behavior↗
PubMed1987

Similarity of behavior within addict couples. Part I. Methodology and narcotics patterns.

The development and initial assessment of a methodology for measuring the similarity of behavioral patterns within addicted couples over the duration of a relationship is presented. Two subsamples of addicts from methadone maintenance programs in southern California were established: one of couples who had a real relationship during their addiction and treatment careers, and a group of pseudocouples (matched as closely as possible) created from unrelated clients in the same programs. Narcotics use, abstinence, and support patterns are analyzed for couples before, during, and after their relationship. When it occurs during the relationship, treatment effects are also analyzed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

AIDS virus exposure behavior in long-term addicts: a preliminary study.

Data is presented on the prevalence of clinical AIDS and antibodies to the AIDS virus in intravenous drug users. In addition, data from subjects followed over twenty years in a California study on the natural history of narcotics addiction is reported. Information about AIDS attitudes and high risk behavior is related to sample characteristics and narcotics use patterns. The possibility for heterosexual transmission is assessed by report of marital or common-law status and by the extent of drug use by long-term sexual partners.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

The epidemiology of illicit drug use in Spain.

On the basis of a review of the available information, this article summarizes the situation, patterns and trends in respect of the use of cannabis, heroin and other opiates, cocaine, amphetamines, hallucinogens and inhalants, as well as multiple drug use. The review clearly shows that since the early 1980s there has been an increasing trend in the use of drugs, particularly heroin and cannabis. Drug use predominantly affects young people. The use of two or more drugs simultaneously or successively, often involving alcohol, is reported as the most common pattern of drug use among youth. Drug use has become incorporated into the current youth culture, with all the individual, social and economic implications this engenders. The average age of users at first use of inhalants was 16.3 years, cannabis 17.5 years, hallucinogens 18.8 years, cocaine 20.6 years and amphetamines 23.5 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

An empirical study of maturing out: conditional factors.

Using data from the California Civil Addict Program, the study tested hypotheses about the possible conditional nature of the process of maturing out of heroin addiction. Hypotheses were tested in a five-way contingency table using the log-linear model. Results show that maturing out of addiction with increasing age is inhibited by high levels of involvement in crime and drug dealing.

Adult↗