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Biomedical subjects

M D Baker

Publications and source records attributed to M D Baker.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Ingestion of boric acid by infants.

Boric acid solution was inadvertantly used to dilute concentrated formula and was fed to 24-day-old and 14-month-old siblings. Total amounts ingested were 2.6 g and 1.95 g, respectively. Symptoms of toxicity included irritability, diarrhea, and perineal erythema (in the younger child only). Peak boric acid levels were 147 micrograms/ml in the 24-day-old and 56 micrograms/ml in the 14-month-old. Peritoneal dialysis was utilized in the younger child, while the older child required only symptomatic care. Serum boric acid half-lives were approximately ten hours (24-day-old) and eight hours. Neither child developed severe toxicity; both were asymptomatic at one-month follow-up.

Boric Acids↗
PubMed1986

Theophylline toxicity in children.

Sixty-five cases of theophylline toxicity in children were reviewed. Vomiting, tachycardia, and central nervous system excitation were the most common manifestations. Seizure activity occurred in four acutely intoxicated children whose serum theophylline concentrations were less than 70 micrograms/ml. Two patients experienced visual hallucinations in association with high serum theophylline levels. Dosing errors accounted for the majority of cases. Most instances of toxicity could have been avoided by more careful consideration of the patient's medication history and more diligent monitoring of serum theophylline concentrations.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1986

Current methods of training residents to manage pediatric cardiopulmonary arrests.

Pediatric residency training programs were surveyed to assess current methods of educating house staff to manage pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitations. Of the 155 programs responding, 96% provide Basic Life Support training, while 79% offer Advanced Cardiac Life Support training, but only 30% provide ongoing education in the form of mock arrests. In general, the availability of the various forms of resuscitation management instruction was not related to either program size or institution needs. The system of training pediatric residents to manage pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitations at The Johns Hopkins Hospital is outlined.

Child↗
PubMed1986

The impact of 'Bottle Bill' legislation on the incidence of lacerations in childhood.

We studied the effect of legislation requiring deposits for beverage containers on the incidence of lacerations in urban children. Records of emergency room visits for lacerations and fractures were reviewed for three years pre-legislation (1980-82) and the immediate post-legislation period (1983). The incidence of total sutured lacerations did not change substantially after the legislation, but glass-related lacerations fell by 60 per cent, due to a reduced incidence in lacerations occurring outside of the home.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Holiday hazards.

Presented is a selective review of the toxicities of various plants, decorations, and miscellaneous items popularly used during the holiday season. Particularly hazardous agents include mistletoe, holly, bubble lights, fireplace flame colors, alkaline batteries, and mothballs. Specific questions regarding management of exposure to these items should be referred to regional poison control centers. Avoidance is the most effective treatment.

Child↗
PubMed1984

Indirect BP monitoring in the newborn. Evaluation of a new oscillometer and comparison of upper- and lower-limb measurements.

We compared simultaneous direct (aortic) and indirect (oscillometric) BP measurements in 19 patients admitted to a newborn intensive care unit. Two hundred six indirect measurements were obtained from an upper extremity in 14 patients, and 50 from a lower extremity in five other patients. A regression analysis of paired data over a wide range of BPs showed excellent correlation between measurements obtained with the automated oscillometer and intra-arterial catheters. The oscillometric BP correlated equally well in both upper and lower extremities. Simultaneous upper- and lower-extremity BP measurements were taken in seven infants with low birth weights during the first 12 days of life and in ten normal term 2-to 5-day-old infants. Contrary to some previous reports, systolic, mean, and diastolic pressures were virtually identical at both sites.

Blood Pressure Determination↗
PubMed1984

Crotamiton lotion in pruritus.

The authors studied the antipruritic effects of 10% crotamiton lotion in 31 patients with bilaterally symmetrical pruritic dermatoses. In this double-blind, paired-comparison clinical trial, there was no significant difference in relief of pruritus between the crotamiton lotion and its vehicle. The study does not confirm the results of previous uncontrolled studies indicating that crotamiton has an antipruritic effect.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1983

Ventromedial septal lesions in rats reduce the effects of inescapable shock on escape performance and analgesia.

Lesions of the ventromedial septum reduced or eliminated several effects of exposure to inescapable shock in rats, whereas lesions of the dorsolateral septum did not. Experiment 1 demonstrated that ventromedial septal lesions reduced the loss in body weight produced by inescapable shock and eliminated the subsequent (24 hr later) interference with escape performance (learned helplessness). Experiment 2 demonstrated that ventromedial septal lesions reduced the analgesia that occurs immediately following inescapable shock and the analgesia reinstated by exposure to escapable shocks 24 hr later. These findings, in conjunction with the findings that ventromedial septal lesions also reduce the secretion of corticosterone (Kelsey, 1975) and stomach erosions (Kelsey, Note 1) produced by inescapable shocks, indicate that ventromedial septal lesions reduce several responses to inescapable shock and suggest that possibility that all of these effects may reflect a unitary deficit. It is hypothesized that ventromedial septal lesions reduce these effects of exposure to inescapable shock either by reducing the ability of the rats to learn that their responses and shocks were uncorrelated or by reducing the emotional impact of this lack of correlation.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1981

The relationship of serum uric acid to subclinical blood lead.

Subclinical blood lead (less than 2.90 micro mol/l, i.e. 60 micro g/dl) and serum uric acid (SUA) levels were monitored in 318 Black males (aged 20 to 60 years). No statistically significant relationship between the two biological parameters was observed but SUA and age were correlated (r = 0.145). On subdividing the total study population into hostel and township groups, the latter demonstrated a significantly higher (P less than 0.01) mean SUA level. This could be explained by the increased sophistication, relative to the hostel group, of the latter's lifestyle.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The statutory noise level in South Africa.

Noise legislation in South Africa was introduced in 1974. However, in industry, compliance with the recommended maximum equivalent noise level of 85 dB(A) is poor. The subject of noise exposure is reviewed briefly and a tentative proposal for a temporary raising of the statutory limit is put forward.

Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced↗
PubMed1979

Isolation and characterization of the nuclear matrix from the male Xenopus laevis following estrogen administration: kinetics of [3H] uridine incorporation.

At various times following estrogen administration, the nuclear matrix was isolated from the liver of male Xenopus laevis by sucrose gradient centrifugation of nuclei treated with a high-salt buffer and DNase I in the presence of a proteolytic inhibitor (PMSC--phenylmethyl sulfonyl chloride). Electron micrographs of the nuclear matrix demonstrate a sponge-like network attached to a well-defined inner envelope with a ribosome-free outer envelope. Chemical analyses show that the HSB-DNase-treated nuclei consist of 16% DNA, 2% RNA, and 82% protein, a composition that is consistent with that of nuclear matrices isolated from other species. The specific activity of the matrix-associated RNA following estrogen treatment appears to be maximally enhanced after 5 h and decreases until approximately 12 h, when the activity begins to increase again.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Lung function in sisal ropemakers.

Lung function was measured by spirometry in 66 workers in a sisal ropemaking factory, and in their matched controls. The major atmospheric contaminant was the lubricant (or a component part thereof) used to soften the fibre. The concentration of airborne matter was generally less than 1 mug m--3. There was no difference in lung function between the two groups before the start of the working shift, that is, the mixture of softening lubricant and sisal caused no long-term effects. Although there was no change in lung function over the working shift in the group making sisal rope, the control group did show a significant increase in lung function over the same period. This suggests that an effect attributable to the lubricant and sisal dust did exist. In previous studies little mention has been made of the softeners used in the processing of sisal fibre. These additives may exert a significant effect on ventilatory capacity and may act in conjunction with sisal dust.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Smoking habits of blacks in industry.

A number of Black workers from a factory near Johannesburg were questioned about their smoking habits. Compared with an earlier study, a significantly greater number of younger workers now smoke-and mainly cigarettes. The roles played by the strong tobacco lobby and that of the Department of Health are considered.

Adolescent↗