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M D Bomalaski

Publications and source records attributed to M D Bomalaski.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Laparoscopic nephrectomy in children.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic nephrectomy in the adult population is reported with increased frequency. We present our initial experience with laparoscopic nephrectomy in children. METHODS: Over a 2-year period, 11 nephrectomies were performed in nine children aged 16 months to 16 years (mean, 6.5 years). All patients were referred due to complications of a nonfunctioning kidney. Seven patients had recurrent urinary tract infections, and two had refractory hypertension. Two patients underwent bilateral laparoscopic nephrectomy. The operation was performed using four access ports measuring 3.5 to 10 mm. RESULTS: All kidneys were removed successfully using a laparoscopic technique. The average length of the operation was 163 min per kidney (range, 90-420). The estimated blood loss was <10-150 ml (mean, 45). No patient required transfusion. Seven patients were discharged home by postoperative day 2. The two patients with the longest operating times were discharged home on postoperative days 4 and 5 due to delay in return of bowel function. Narcotic use was minimal, and all patients enjoyed a rapid return to full activity. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic nephrectomy is a viable alternative to open nephrectomy in children. Further experience with this technique is required to establish its efficacy and reduce the operating time

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Delayed presentation of posterior urethral valves: a not so benign condition.

PURPOSE: Posterior urethral valves are usually detected during infancy by prenatal sonography. Rarely they may be diagnosed during later childhood, adolescence or even adulthood. Less is known about presentation and outcome in these older patients. We reviewed our experience at 4 institutions with the late presentation of posterior urethral valves. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 13-year retrospective review revealed the late presentation of posterior urethral valves in 47 patients 5 to 35 years old (mean age 8). Data collected included presenting symptomatology, radiographic findings and renal function. Statistical analysis determined the relationships among presenting symptoms, patient age at diagnosis and renal function. RESULTS: The most common presenting symptoms were diurnal enuresis in 60% of the cases, urinary tract infection in 40% and voiding pain in 13%. Other presenting symptoms in less than 10% of the cases included poor stream, gross hematuria and proteinuria. At diagnosis hydronephrosis and vesicoureteral reflux were present in 40 and 33% of the patients, respectively, while serum creatinine was elevated in 35% and end stage renal disease had developed in 10%. The severity of presenting signs and symptoms was significantly associated with renal impairment, while patient age at diagnosis was not. CONCLUSIONS: Posterior urethral valves is not merely a disease of infancy. Voiding cystourethrography should be considered in boys older than 5 years who have voiding complaints, especially in association with diurnal enuresis or urinary tract infection. Patients who present late with posterior urethral valves are at risk for progression to end stage renal disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

What imaging studies are necessary to determine outcome after ureteroneocystostomy?

PURPOSE: After ureteroneocystostomy we have performed renal ultrasonography within the first 3 months to exclude hydronephrosis, voiding cystography after 3 months to exclude vesicoureteral reflux and subsequent ultrasonography to monitor the upper tracts. This study attempted to determine those patients at risk for hydronephrosis or recurrent vesicoureteral reflux. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied the records of patients who underwent ureteroneocystostomy in the last decade at our institutions to find the incidence and degree of preoperative and postoperative hydronephrosis and vesicoureteral reflux. Results of initial postoperative imaging were compared to radiological imaging throughout followup (mean 2.3 years). Patients with postoperative reflux were evaluated for risk factors that differentiated them from others. RESULTS: Excluding patients with neuropathic bladder or ureterocele, 167 underwent 278 ureteroneocystostomies at a mean followup of 26.5 months. Persistent vesicoureteral reflux was noted in 4 kidneys (1.4%) and contralateral reflux developed in 3 of the 48 cases (6.3%) of unilateral ureteroneocystostomy. There was no statistical difference in success rates among cross-trigonal, ureteral advancement or extravesical techniques. New onset mild hydronephrosis in 13 kidneys (4.7%) at the initial followup study (mean 1.6 months) completely resolved in 12 and remained mild in 1. No patient had progression of existing hydronephrosis and 1 had recurrent vesicoureteral reflux after initial negative cystography. Risk factors for postoperative reflux or hydronephrosis were preoperative dysfunctional voiding, preoperative hydronephrosis or scarring on sonography and postoperative urinary tract infection. None of the 88 patients without these risk factors had postoperative hydronephrosis or reflux. All patients with persistent, contralateral or recurrent reflux were selected using these criteria (p < 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Complication rates after nontapered ureteroneocystostomy in children without neuropathic bladder are quite low. Mild postoperative hydronephrosis was not clinically significant in our patients. Children with abnormal preoperative ultrasound or dysfunctional voiding are identified as a high risk group for postoperative hydronephrosis or recurrent reflux. All other patients received little benefit from postoperative imaging, suggesting that further evaluation of this group is necessary only in the presence of a postoperative urinary tract infection.

Child↗
PubMed1997

Urodynamics and massive vesicoureteral reflux.

PURPOSE: Urodynamic studies are the key to management and reconstruction of bladder pathology. In the face of high grade vesicoureteral reflux measured pressures and volumes reflect the combined storage characteristics of the upper and lower tracts. We examined the influence of high grade reflux on measured volume and compliance (change in volume/change in pressure). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 18 children with high grade vesicoureteral reflux underwent urodynamic evaluation with and without ureteral occlusion. Occlusion was created in the operative suite using ureteral occlusion balloons. After fluoroscopic confirmation of the absence of reflux bladder pressure was measured during filling at a rate of 12.5 cc per minute. During ureteral occlusion bladder capacity was defined as leakage around the urethral catheter, bladder pressure greater than 40 cm. water or volume exceeding estimated bladder capacity for age, as determined by the formula, bladder capacity in ml. = (age + 2) x 30. The ureteral occlusion balloons were removed and similar measurements were obtained in the presence of reflux. Compliance was calculated for the first and last 50% (initial and terminal compliance, respectively) of bladder capacity. RESULTS: Mean initial compliance without and with ureteral occlusion was 19.6 versus 13.2 cm. water (33% decrease). Mean terminal compliance without and with occlusion was 12.9 versus 8.6 cm. water (33% decrease, p < 0.005). Bladder capacity decreased a median of 16%. Underlying bladder pathology was evaluated to determine the patients who would benefit most from ureteral occlusion studies. Patients with neurogenic bladder, posterior urethral valves and primary reflux had similar changes in measured compliance with ureteral occlusion. Patients with poor terminal compliance without occlusion and those with bilateral vesicoureteral reflux had greater changes in compliance with occlusion but these changes were not statistically significant (p < 0.05). Age was indicative of a significant decrease in terminal compliance with ureteral occlusion, since older patients had the greatest change in terminal compliance (p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: High grade vesicoureteral reflux influences measured lower tract volume and compliance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Vesicoureteral reflux and ureteropelvic junction obstruction: association, treatment options and outcome.

PURPOSE: We investigated the association, treatment options and outcomes of patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction and concomitant vesicoureteral reflux. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed 6,790 consecutive pediatric urology records at our university. Treatment options included observation, and primary pyeloplasty, ureteroneocystostomy and nephroureterectomy. Hydronephrosis, reflux and obstruction were judged as resolved, improved, unchanged or worse. RESULTS: A total of 1,140 patients had vesicoureteral reflux, 224 had ureteropelvic junction obstruction and 41 had both conditions (39 ipsilateral and 6 contralateral kidneys). There was no increased risk of obstruction in patients with reflux when all grades of reflux were grouped (odds ratio 1.26, confidence interval 0.91 to 1.71). In contrast, subgroup analysis of patients with high grade reflux demonstrated a 5-fold increased risk of obstruction (odds ratio 5.0, confidence interval 2.4 to 10.8). One patient was lost to followup. Observation of 6 kidneys led to resolution of reflux in 3 (50%), resolution of obstruction in 3 (50%) and resolution or improvement of hydronephrosis in 4 (67%). Primary pyeloplasty was done on 29 kidneys with 10 (35%) requiring subsequent ureteroneocystostomy. At latest followup hydronephrosis resolved or improved in 24 patients (83%), vesicoureteral reflux resolved or improved in 19 (66%) and ureteropelvic junction obstruction resolved in all. Primary ureteroneocystostomy was performed on 5 kidneys, all of which required subsequent pyeloplasty. Hydronephrosis resolved in 3 patients (60%), and reflux and obstruction resolved in all. Two patients treated with primary nephroureterectomy, and 1 who underwent concomitant pyeloplasty and ureteroneocystostomy have had no subsequent urological problems. One patient awaits primary pyeloplasty. CONCLUSIONS: High grade vesicoureteral reflux is associated with ureteropelvic junction obstruction. No association with low or intermediate grade reflux was demonstrated. While some patients may be monitored expectantly, in our series pyeloplasty or nephrectomy was required in 81% and ureteroneocystostomy was required in 36%. In no case did primary ureteroneocystostomy protect against the subsequent need for pyeloplasty.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1996

Glutaraldehyde cross-linked collagen in the treatment of urinary incontinence in children.

PURPOSE: Prospective analysis was done to assess the efficacy of glutaraldehyde cross-linked collagen in the treatment of pediatric structural urinary incontinence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 40 pediatric patients (average age 12.1 years) with structural urinary incontinence received 70 glutaraldehyde cross-linked collagen injections. Of the 40 patients 25 had spina bifida, 12 had the exstrophy/epispadias complex, 2 had continent reservoirs and 1 had bilateral ureteral ectopia. Average followup was 2.1 years (range 3 months to 6.3 years), and included urodynamic evaluation and assessment of change in continence grade, daily pad use and dry interval. Patient satisfaction was evaluated by questionnaire concerning self-esteem, activity level and patient assessment of overall benefit. RESULTS: Complete cure of incontinence was reported by 22% of patients, improvement by 54% and no change by 24%. There was statistically significant postoperative improvement of continence grade (exstrophy/epispadias p < or = 0.004, spina bifida p < or = 0.0001), decreased daily use of pads (exstrophy/epispadias p < or = 0.008, spina bifida p < or = 0.002) and dry interval (exstrophy/epispadias p < or = 0.008, spina bifida p < or = 0.004). Greater success occurred in cases of the exstrophy/epispadias complex (91%) than spina bifida (71%). No patient had unsafe bladder pressures as a result of collagen treatment. Reevaluation of a 1992 study group with an initial 88% cure or improvement rate showed that after a mean followup of 4.5 years the cure or improvement rate remained 86%. CONCLUSIONS: Collagen improves continence in the majority of children with anatomically based urinary incontinence. Exstrophy/epispadias patients have the best outcome from collagen treatment. Glutaraldehyde cross-linked collagen is durable in most patients who have an initially positive outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The long-term impact of urological management on the quality of life of children with spina bifida.

To evaluate the integration of children with spina bifida into adult society and identify important urological factors 20 female and 18 male spina bifida patients older than 18 years were evaluated with respect to urological management and complications. A detailed questionnaire concerning educational achievements, living arrangements, employment and interpersonal relationships was completed and compared to similar data obtained from the 1990 United States census. Educational achievement and living arrangements for most patients were comparable to age matched peers in the general population and were independent of gender or method of urinary management. The only statistically significant factor related to a positive outcome was female gender in the areas of employment (p < 0.014) and sexual relationships (p < 0.005). Female spina bifida patients adapted better to adult society than their male counterparts. Intestinal urinary conduits were detrimental to long-term renal function.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

Iliac vein compression syndrome: an unusual cause of varicocele.

Iliac vein compression syndrome is the phenomenon of nonthrombotic iliac vein obstruction caused by compression of left iliac vein between the right iliac artery and fifth lumbar vertebra. Affected patients usually present with unilateral leg edema. The condition is most often seen in women, in whom it may also be a cause of vulvar varicosities. Presented here is a case of idiopathic iliac vein obstruction associated with an ipsilateral varicocele in a young man. This varicocele was caused by multiple collateral venous channels and was resistant to surgical high ligation. This case illustrates an unusual cause of varicocele formation and an anatomic reason for failure of standard surgical therapy.

Child↗