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M D Kitzis

Publications and source records attributed to M D Kitzis.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Activity of imipenem on aerobic bacteria.

Imipenem is a new carbapenem antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is a potent inhibitor of plasmid- and chromosomally-mediated beta-lactamases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of imipenem on clinical isolates classified according to their susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics. On penicillin G-susceptible bacteria, imipenem is comparable to penicillin. On streptococci, pneumococci, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria the MICs were 0.02 to 0.06 mg/l. On gonococci, MICs were 0.04 to 0.25 mg/l. Gram-negative bacteria susceptible to beta-lactam antibiotics or naturally resistant to certain of them (e.g. Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to ampicillin and carbenicillin) were highly susceptible to imipenem with MICs from 0.06 to 0.5 mg/l. It was slightly less active on Haemophilus influenzae, compared to ampicillin. On beta-lactam-resistant bacteria, imipenem maintained a remarkable activity. For penicillin-resistant pneumococci (MIC 16 mg/l) the imipenem MIC was 1 mg/l. Imipenem was equally effective on beta-lactamase-producing and non-producing Haemophilus influenzae and gonococci. Among 12 Nocardia asteroides tested, 11 had MIC less than 1 mg/l. When tested at 30 degrees, the MIC of imipenem for oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ranged from 8 to 64 mg/l in contrast to 0.03 to 0.06 mg/l for oxacillin-sensitive isolates. Eighteen strains of enterococci (17 faecium, 2 faecalis) resistant to ampicillin (MIC 128 mg/l) were more resistant to imipenem (MIC 16 to 256 mg/l). Imipenem was very active on beta-lactam-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, including multiply-resistant Salmonella typhi., with MICs in a range from 0.06 to 4 mg/l).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

Susceptibility of Nocardia asteroides to 46 antibiotics, including 22 beta-lactams.

Twelve Nocardia asteroides isolates were tested for their susceptibility to 46 antibiotics by the agar dilution method. N-Formimidoyl thienamycin was the most active of 22 beta-lactam antibiotics, inhibiting 11 of the 12 strains at 1 microgram/ml. Penicillins, including ureidopenicillins, showed poor activity. Cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and especially cefuroxime had the best activities of the cephalosporins tested. Among the other antibiotics, amikacin and minocycline, respectively, inhibited all of the strains tested at 0.5 and 4 micrograms/ml.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1983

[In vitro activity of azthreonam on hospital Gram-negative bacilli. Results of a multicenter study].

This work reports a multicenter study of antibacterial activity of azthreonam, a new antibacterial agent of the monobactam group, on Gram negative rods. Enterobacteriaceae are very sensitive to azthreonam (modal MIC: 0,06 micrograms/ml); some strains have higher MIC greater than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml, particularly among Enterobacter, Serratia and Citrobacter. Azthreonam has a good activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa: 90% of the strains are inhibited by 8 micrograms/ml or less. Acinetobacter are less sensitive with a modal MIC of 32 micrograms/ml. Haemophilus are inhibited by low concentrations, 0,06 to 0,12 micrograms/ml usually.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

[In vitro effect of rosoxacin on hospital bacteria. Results of a multicenter study].

This work reports a multicenter study of antibacterial activity of rosoxacin, a new antibacterial agent of the quinolone group. Enterobacteriaceae are very sensitive to rosoxacin (modal MIC 0,5 micrograms/ml); resistant strains are observed in all species, but more often among Serratia and Citrobacter. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is less sensitive with a maximum number of strains between 2 and 8 micrograms/ml, so it is nearly for Acinetobacter. Haemophilus are very sensitive, having MIC of 0,03 and 0,06 micrograms/ml. The spectrum of rosoxacin includes Gram positive bacteria, since the MIC of Staphylococci are similar to Enterobacteriaceae; Enterococci are less sensitive, the major part of the strains being inhibited by 4 and 8 micrograms/ml.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1983

[Multicenter study of the in vitro antibacterial activity of ceftazidime on gram-negative bacilli].

This work reports a multicenter study of antibacterial activity of ceftazidime, a new third generation cephalosporin, on hospital Gram negative rods. Enterobacteriaceae are very sensitive to ceftazidime with a maximum number of strains inhibited by 1 microgram/ml or less (modal MIC 0, 125 microgram/ml); some resistant strains are observed, particularly among Enterobacter and Citrobacter. Activity of ceftazidime on Pseudomonas aeruginosa is superior to other third generation cephalosporins; modal MIC is 1 microgram/ml and 88% of the strains are inhibited by 4 microgram/ml or less. Acinetobacter are less sensitive to ceftazidime, with a modal MIC of 8 microgram/ml.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1982

[Comparative study of ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and moxalactam against 150 Gram negative strains (author's transl)].

The in vitro activity of ceftriaxone, a new cephalosporine derivative was compared with two other "third generation" cephalosporins, cefotaxime and moxalactam. 150 strains of Gram negative bacilli were used in this study. Ceftriaxone as cefotaxime and moxalactam were very active against most of the 104 multiresistant Enterobacteriaceae. Ceftriaxone was the most active against Proteus providencia with a mean MIC of 0.007 microgram/ml. Cefotaxime and ceftriaxone were less active than moxalactam against Enterobacter with MIC higher or equal to 32 micrograms/ml. The three cephalosporins had an almost identical activity against carbenicillin resistant Pseudomonas with an MIC higher than 4 micrograms/ml. MIC against Acinetobacter were higher or equal to 16 micrograms/ml. Moxalactam was the most active against Bacteroides fragilis with a mean MIC of 0.5 micrograms/ml; ceftriaxone and cefotaxime had a mean MIC of 2 to 4 micrograms/ml.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1982

[Bone penetration of cefazoline (author's transl)].

A single intramuscular dose of one gram of cefazoline was administered to fifty eight patients undergoing total hip replacement. The elimination of the antibiotic in femoral head is parallel to the blood elimination but ten times lower. Twelve hours after injection, levels of 0.5 microgram/g (i.e. higher than MIC of Staphylococcus aureus normally isolated from post surgery infections) are still detected in capsule and femoral head.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

[Kinetics of cefotaxime in healthy subjects (author's transl)].

Serum and urinary levels of cefotaxime after either intramuscular (i.m.) or intravenous (i.v.) administration were determined in 6 normal human subjects. By the i.m. route the serum half-life was 80 minutes. The peak serum concentration, at 30 minutes, reached 12 and 24 mcg/ml after injection of 500 mg and 1 g. Concentrations in the urine were 500 mcg/ml within 6 hours after an injection of 500 mg; they reached 1000 mcg/ml after an injection of 1 g. Urinary elimination amounted to 50% during the first 6 hours; it reached 60% during 24 hours. By the i.v. route, the serum half-life was 40 minutes. The concentration in the serum was more than 100 mcg/ml at the fifth minute after an injection of 1 g. Concentrations in the urine were 1300 mcg/ml within 4 hours after injection of cefotaxime. The urinary elimination amounted to 60--64% during 12 hours. Intravenous infusion of 1 g during 4 hours gave a serum level, from the second hour, approaching 15 mcg/ml. The concentration in the urine was 600 mcg/ml within 4 hours. The urinary elimination amounted to 50% in 12 hours. Protein binding of cefotaxime ranged from 36 to 38%.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Clinical evaluation of cefotaxime at various dosage levels in urinary tract infections (author's transl)].

In this study, 63 patients with various urinary tract infections were treated with cefotaxime in different dosages. They were aged from 10 to 82 years (mean: 59). The cases included 33 cystitis, 25 pyelonephritis, 4 chronic prostatitis and 1 orchiepididymitis. 85 strains of enterobacteria were identified: 20 E. coli, 2 Citrobacter freundi, 5 Proteus mirabilis, 12 indole positive Proteus, 1 Providentia, 11 Klebsiella, 3 Enterobacter cloacae and 31 Serratia marescens and liquefaciens. 80 of these strains had MIC less than or equal to 1 mcg/ml (median: 0,12 mcg/ml). More than 2/3 of the patients were treated with a daily dose of 1.50 to 2 g, and 52 (median: 0.12 mcg/ml). More than 2/3 of the patients results showed 43 cures (9 of these with reinfection) and 20 relapses. Isolated enterobacteria strains were sensitive to cefotaxime in patients with recurrence. Relapses were due to underlying urological pathology. Among reinfection organisms, only one, an Enterobacter cloacae, was resistant to cefotaxime. The clinical, local, systemic and biological tolerance was good. Cefotaxime has been very effective in the treatment of severe urinary tract infections, especially in chronic pyelonephritis and cystitis, at an average daily dose of 2 g.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Synergistic activity of co-trimazine and co-trimoxazole in the urine.

Co-trimazine (sulphadiazine, 410 mg + trimethoprim, 90 mg) is a new drug combination developed especially for use in the treatment of urinary tract infections. In cross-over experiments in volunteers receiving daily doses of co-trimazine (2 X 500 mg and 1 X 1000 mg), co-trimoxazole (2X960 mg), or nitrofurantoin (3X50 mg), the degree of antibacterial activity of co-trimazine in the urine was at least as high as that of co-trimoxazole and much higher and more consistent than that of nitrofurantoin. In further cross-over experiments in volunteers receiving co-trimazine 2X1000 mg or co-trimoxazole 2X960 mg for four days no or only slight activity was found in the urine against a sulphonamide-resistant Group D streptococcus, but distinct synergistic activity between the components was found against four Escherichia coli strains sensitive to trimethoprim and sensitive or resistant to sulphonamides. Against three of the latter strains the degree of activity in the urine was higher after co-trimazine than after cotrimoxazole. The synergistic action of trimethoprim and sulphonamide in the urine appeared greater with the former than with the latter combination.

Drug Combinations↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[beta-Lactamases of Branhamella catarrhalis and their phenotypic implications].

Of the 50 strains of beta-lactamase-producing Branhamella catarrhalis isolated at Saint Joseph's Hospital (Paris) that were studied, 94% produced BRO-1 type beta-lactamase and 6% produced the BRO-2 type. We examined the transfer of BRO-1 and BRO-2 genes and found that, among 7 donor strains producing BRO-1, all were able to transfer the gene for BRO-1 production by conjugation. Of the 4 donor strains producing BRO-2, 2 were able to transfer the gene for BRO-2 production by conjugation. Three BRO-1 beta-lactamase-producing transformants were obtained from total DNA extracted from 3 strains producing BRO-1. Plasmid bands were demonstrated in strains of B. catarrhalis, but no change in plasmid profiles was seen in beta-lactamase-positive recombinants, supporting previous studies that suggested the beta-lactamases are chromosomal. In vitro activity of oral beta-lactams was tested for 67 strains of B. catarrhalis (56 beta-lactamase-producing strains). Cefixime, cefpodoxime and the combination ampicillin-clavulanic acid were very active against the beta-lactamase-producing strains. BRO-1 beta-lactamase appears to affect the activity of cefaclor, cefuroxime and loracarbef. BRO-2 beta-lactamases have no effect on the activity of these cephalosporins. Cefixime and cefpodoxime seemed the least affected by beta-lactamase production.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗