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Biomedical subjects

M D Martin

Publications and source records attributed to M D Martin.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Emergency preparedness: a survey of dental practitioners.

A total of 6,505 questionnaires were mailed to practicing dentists in Florida and Kentucky. The dentists represented all dental specialties and had been graduated from 72 different dental schools. The results of the survey indicate that improvement is needed in training, office organization, and advanced preparation for the emergency management of patients. The results also indicate that dentists encounter many medical emergencies in their offices.

Dental Care↗
PubMed1985

The patient with ichthyosis. Report of a case.

The ichthyoses are a group of hereditary disorders that share in common the accumulation and shedding of large amounts of hyperkeratotic epidermis. Little is known about the oral manifestations of these disorders. Following a review of the literature, a case study is presented and the dental management of the patient with ichthyosis is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The agoraphobic dental patient: report of case.

Agoraphobia is considered to be the most common, yet distressing, phobia for adult phobic patients. Little has been written concerning the identification, problems, and treatment of dental disease in the agoraphobic patient. After a review of the clinical features, epidemiology, causes, and medical treatment of the syndrome, a case study is presented, showing how dental treatment can be a valuable part of the behavioral treatment of this patient.

Agoraphobia↗
PubMed1980

Cefamandole alone and combined with gentamicin or tobramycin in the treatment of acute pyelonephritis.

Ninety-four cases of pyelonephritis including 20 who had concurrent bacteremia were treated with cefamandole alone or in combination with either gentamicin or tobramycin. Doses of cefamandole ranged from 1--2 g by intermittent intravenous (VI) infusion every 4 to 8 h; gentamicin and tobramycin doses ranged from 1--1.7 mg/kg every 8 h also by intermittent IV infusion. Duration of therapy ranged from 5 to 23 days (mean 7.3 days). Both single and combination therapy successfully treated acute pyelonephritis and bacteremia in all patients. Seven strains of E. coli and one of Klebsiella pneumoniae responsible for initial infection were resistant to cephalothin but sensitive to cefamandole. Relapse with cefamandole sensitive bacteria occurred in 27% of patients receiving only cefamandole and 8% of those patients receiving combination therapy. Reinfection with cefamandole resistant organisms, predominantly Pseudomonas aeruginosa occurred in five patients. One patient had an intrarenal abscess due to E. coli which was successfully treated with 23 days of cefamandole. One patient died. However, death was due to acute pulmonary embolism, not infection. None of the patients receiving cefamandole plus gentamicin or tobramycin experienced a significant decrease in creatinine clearance during or after therapy. Skin rash, mild thrombophlebitis at the IV site and transient elevation of alkaline phosphatase and SGOT were the only side effects noted.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

How to manage yourself and the surveyor.

Hospital surveys have traditionally been the nemesis of hospital personnel. With proper management and increased awareness, however, a survey can produce positive results and attitudes for both surveyor and hospital staff. Knowledge of effective tactics can turn the "survey-weary" into the "survey-wise."

Accreditation↗
PubMed1977

Illusory biplane radiographic images.

The commonly held belief that radiographs taken at right angles to one another will accurately portray the precise location of a metallic implant within a skeletal structure is erroneous. To the contrary, such biplane radiographs often provide misinformation about the exact location of metallic implants. The explanation for this phenomenon is discussed along with several methods to determine the accurate location of metallic implants when only biplane radiographs are available. Orthopedic surgeons should be particularly aware of this potential problem when biplane radiographs are taken at the time of insertion of multiple pins about the proximal femur.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of two low-calorie diets: a prospective study of effectiveness and safety.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness and safety of two distinct low calorie diets (LCD). DESIGN: Prospective controlled study. METHODS: 67 obese patients [body mass index (BMI) 40 kg/m2] were included in two study groups. Group A: 26 patients followed a 458 kcal diet given in three meals for 1 month. Group B: 41 patients followed a 800 kcal diet for 3 months and with outpatient control. MEASUREMENTS: Anthropometric, cardiovascular risk and nutritional profile changes were evaluated, as well as total direct and indirect costs, and the incidence of complications. RESULTS: No significant initial differences were observed between the two study groups. Eighty-six point two per cent of the patients completed the therapy correctly. After treatment a significant decrease was observed in the following variables for both groups, but no differences were detected between Groups A and B: mean weight loss (A= 9.28 kg, B= 8.7 kg), ponderal loss percentage (A/B= 7.2/6.8%), glycemia (A/B= 18.6/12.1 mg/dl), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (A/B= 11.8/6.5 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (A/B 5.9/6.8 mmHg), and final insulin-resistance (IR) index (A= 4.4, B= 4.3). Group A had the highest drop in total cholesterol (37.7 vs 8.1 mg/dl) and triglycerides (54.4 vs 2.5 mg/dl). No changes were observed in ureic acid, renal function and serum albumin. Thirty-six patients (55.3%) suffered trivial complications associated to the VLCD (16.9% gastrointestinal, 20% anxiety), with no differences between groups. Group A patients were on sick leave due to asthenia, and two patients in this group had serious complications (transient ischemic attack and atrial fibrillation). The total cost of Group A treatment was 3018.9 against 582.6 euros for Group B. CONCLUSIONS: The 3-month 800 kcal/day VLCD was more cost-effective and safer than the 1-month 458 kcal/day diet.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Behavioral effects of low-level exposure to elemental Hg among dentists.

Exposure thresholds for health effects associated with elemental mercury (Hg degree) exposure were examined by comparing behavioral test scores of 19 exposed (mean urinary Hg = 36 micrograms/l) with those of 20 unexposed dentists. Thirty-six micrograms Hg/l is 7 times greater than the 5 micrograms Hg/l mean level measured in a national sample of dentists. To improve the distinction between recent and cumulative effects, the study also evaluated porphyrin concentrations in urine, which are correlated with renal Hg content (a measure of cumulative body burden). Subjects provided an on-site spot urine sample, were administered a 1-h assessment consisting of a consent form, the Profile of Mood Scales, a symptom and medical questionnaire, and 6 behavioral tests: digit-span, symbol-digit substitution, simple reaction time, the ability to switch between tasks, vocabulary, and the One Hole Test. Multivariate regression techniques were used to evaluate dose-effects controlling for the effects of age, race, gender and alcohol consumption. A dose-effect was considered statistically significant below a p value of 0.05. Significant urinary Hg dose-effects were found for poor mental concentration, emotional lability, somatosensory irritation, and mood scores. Individual tests evaluating cognitive and motor function changed in the expected directions but were not significantly associated with urinary Hg. However, the pooled sum of rank scores for combinations of tests within domains were significantly associated with urinary Hg, providing evidence of subtle preclinical changes in behavior associated with Hg exposure. Coproporphyrin, one of three urinary porphyrins altered by mercury exposure, was significantly associated with deficits in digit span and simple reaction time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Affect↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Behavioral effects of low-level exposure to Hg0 among dental professionals: a cross-study evaluation of psychomotor effects.

A Across-study design was used to evaluate the sensitivities of five psychomotor tasks previously used to assess preclinical effects of low-level Hg0 (urinary < or =55 microg/l). Pooling dental professional subject populations from six studies conducted over the last 6 years, a larger study population was obtained with a high degree of uniformity (N = 230). The five psychomotor tests were: Intentional Hand Steadiness Test (IHST); Finger Tapping: The One-Hole Test: NES Simple Reaction Time (SRT); and Hand Tremor. Multivariate analyses were conducted following the hierarchical analysis of multiple responses (HAMR) approach. First, multiple scores of each test were combined into a single-factor (or related summary) variable and its reliability was estimated. Second. multiple regression analyses were conducted including log-transformed [Hg0]U levels, age, gender, and alcohol consumption in each model. Computed were both B and bu, the magnitudes of the log-Hg0 standardized coefficient. respectively uncorrected and corrected for dependent variable attenuation due to unreliability. Results indicated remarkable differences in the effects of relative level of Hg0 on psychomotor performance. Significant associations were found for the IHST factor (B = 0.415, p < 10(-6)), followed by finger tapping, which was relatively meager and insignificant (B 0.141, p = 0.17). The IHST results hold the greatest occupational relevance for dental professionals who rely on manual dexterity in restorative dentistry. Further, this statistical approach is recommended in future studies for condensation of multiple scores into summary scores with enhanced reliabilities useful in correcting for attenuation relationships (B(u)s) with exposure levels.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Urinary porphyrin profiles as a biomarker of mercury exposure: studies on dentists with occupational exposure to mercury vapor.

Porphyrins are formed as intermediates in the biosynthesis of heme. In humans and other mammals, porphyrins with eight, seven, six, five, and four carboxyl groups are excreted in the urine in a well-established pattern. Mercury selectively alters porphyrin metabolism in kidney proximal tubule cells, leading to an altered urinary porphyrin excretion pattern. Previous studies in rats have shown that changes in the urinary porphyrin profile during exposure to mercury as methylmercury hydroxide are uniquely characterized by highly elevated (20- to 30-fold) levels of four- and five-carboxyl porphyrins and by the excretion of an atypical porphyrin ("precoproporphyrin"), which elutes on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) approximately midway between penta- and coproporphyrins. Changes in the urinary porphyrin profile are highly correlated with the dose and duration of mercury exposure and persist for up to 20 wk following cessation of mercury treatment. In the present studies, the utility of urinary porphyrin profile changes as a biomarker of mercury exposure in human subjects was evaluated. Urinary porphyrin concentrations were measured in dentists participating in the Health Screening Programs conducted during the 1991 and 1992 annual meetings of the American Dental Association and compared with urinary mercury levels measured in the same subjects. Among dentists with no detectable urinary mercury, mean concentrations of urinary porphyrins were within the established normal ranges for male human subjects. In contrast, among dentists with urinary mercury in excess of 20 micrograms/L, mean urinary concentrations of four- and five-carboxyl porphyrins as well as of precoproporphyrin were elevated three to four times those of unexposed subjects. Significant differences in urinary porphyrin concentrations remained when porphyrin concentrations in spot urine samples were adjusted for creatinine levels. These findings suggest that urinary porphyrin profiles may serve as a useful biomarker of mercury exposure in clinical or epidemiologic studies of mercury-related human health risks.

Animals↗