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Biomedical subjects

M Dailey

Publications and source records attributed to M Dailey.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Comparative biochemical analyses of venous blood and peritoneal fluid from horses with colic using a portable analyser and an in-house analyser.

Fifty-six horses with colic were examined over a period of three months. The concentrations of glucose, lactate, sodium, potassium and chloride, and the pH of samples of blood and peritoneal fluid, were determined with a portable clinical analyser and with an in-house analyser and the results were compared. Compared with the in-house analyser, the portable analyser gave higher pH values for blood and peritoneal fluid with greater variability in the alkaline range, and lower pH values in the acidic range, lower concentrations of glucose in the range below 8.3 mmol/l, and lower concentrations of lactate in venous blood in the range below 5 mmol/l and in peritoneal fluid in the range below 2 mmol/l, with less variability. On average, the portable analyser underestimated the concentrations of lactate and glucose in peritoneal fluid in comparison with the in-house analyser. Its measurements of the concentrations of sodium and chloride in peritoneal fluid had a higher bias and were more variable than the measurements in venous blood, and its measurements of potassium in venous blood and peritoneal fluid had a smaller bias and less variability than the measurements made with the in-house analyser.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

First report of parasites from pinnipeds in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, with a description of a new species of Philophthalmus (Digenea: Philophthalmidae).

A new species of digenetic trematode and 2 species of ectoparasites from Zalophus wollebaeki Silvertsen, 1953 (Carnivora: Otariidae) in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, are reported. These include an eye fluke of Philophthalmus Looss, 1899 (Echinostomata: Philophthalmidae) as well as, to our knowledge, the first report of Antarctophthirus microchir (Trouessart and Neumann, 1888) Enderlein, 1906 (Arthropoda: Anoplura) and Orthohalarachne diminuata (Doetschman, 1944) Newell, 1947 (Arthropoda: Acarina) from this host and location. Philophthalmus zalophi n. sp. differs from the 4 other marine species of Philophthalmus (P. andersoni Dronen and Penner, 1975; P. burrili Howell and Bearup, 1967; P. hegeneri Penner and Fried, 1963; and P. larsoni Penner and Trimble, 1970) by its mammalian host, large body size, lack of tegumental spines, posterior length of seminal vesicle, placement of genital pore, size ratio of oral sucker to acetabulum, shape and size of testes, and size ratio of ovary to testis.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Anger and acne: implications for quality of life, patient satisfaction and clinical care.

BACKGROUND: Acne is a common skin disorder with a significant psychological and social impact for some people. Little is known about how personality and emotional traits affect acne and its impact on quality of life and treatment. Trait anger (TA), which is related to heart disease and other morbidities, may also affect acne and patients' adjustment to it. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relationship between TA and acne severity, skin-related quality of life, satisfaction with treatment, and adherence to treatment. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: A sample of 479 individuals with acne completed a survey instrument to assess acne severity, skin care practices, skin-related quality of life, satisfaction with treatment, adherence, TA and demographic variables. Respondents who reported high TA were compared with individuals with low TA on outcome variables. Regression analyses adjusted for covariates and identified the significant predictors of quality of life, satisfaction and adherence. RESULTS: High TA was unrelated to acne severity (P = 0.2) or frequency of face washing (P = 0.9). Anger was significantly related to both global quality of life (P < 0.001) and skin-related quality of life (P = 0.002) as well as to satisfaction with treatment (P = 0.001) and adherence to treatment advice (P = 0.05) in bivariate analyses. Regression analyses revealed that high TA remained a significant predictor of global (P < 0.001) and skin-related quality of life (P = 0.003) and satisfaction with treatment (P = 0.04), but not adherence to treatment advice (P = 0.8) after controlling for covariates. CONCLUSIONS: Anger is associated with the quality of patients' lives and with their satisfaction with treatment. Care of acne patients should include attention to anger and other chronic emotional states, quality of life, as well as to clinical severity. Simple guidelines are suggested for how clinicians might approach this important aspect of care.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2000

Cost-effectiveness of aerobic and resistance exercise in seniors with knee osteoarthritis.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine, in a randomized clinical trial of 439 individuals with knee osteoarthritis, the incremental cost-effectiveness of aerobic versus weight resistance training, compared with an education control intervention. METHODS: Cost estimates of the intervention were based upon the cost of purchasing from the community similar services to provide exercise or health education. Effect at 18 months was measured using several variables, including: self-reported disability score, 6-min walking distance, stair climb, lifting and carrying task, car task, and measures of pain frequency and pain intensity on ambulation and transfer. RESULTS: The total cost of the educational intervention was $343.98 per participant. The aerobic exercise intervention cost $323.55 per participant, and the resistance training intervention cost $325.20 per participant. On all but two of the outcome variables, the incremental savings per incremental effect for the resistance exercise group was greater than for the aerobic exercise group. CONCLUSION: The data obtained from this study suggest that, compared with an education control, resistance training for seniors with knee osteoarthritis is more economically efficient than aerobic exercise in improving physical function. However, the magnitude of the difference in efficiency between the two approaches is small.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Concepts in imaging and microscopy. Exploring biological structure and function with confocal microscopy.

Confocal microscopy is providing new and exciting opportunities for imaging cell structure and physiology in thick biological specimens, in three dimensions, and in time. The utility of confocal microscopy relies on its fundamental capacity to reject out-of-focus light, thus providing sharp, high-contrast images of cells and subcellular structures within thick samples. Computer controlled focusing and image-capturing features allow for the collection of through-focus series of optical sections that may be used to reconstruct a volume of tissue, yielding information on the 3-D structure and relationships of cells. Tissues and cells may also be imaged in two or three spatial dimensions over time. The resultant digital data, which encode the image, are highly amenable to processing, manipulation and quantitative analyses. In conjunction with a growing variety of vital fluorescent probes, confocal microscopy is yielding new information about the spatiotemporal dynamics of cell morphology and physiology in living tissues and organisms. Here we use mammalian brain tissue to illustrate some of the ways in which multidimensional confocal fluorescence imaging can enhance studies of biological structure and function.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS): a trial of the effect of estrogen therapy in preventing and slowing the progression of dementia.

Evidence from animal, human cross-sectional, case-control, and prospective studies indicate that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a promising treatment to delay the onset of symptoms of dementia. The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS) is the first double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled, long-term clinical trial designed to test the hypothesis that HRT reduces the incidence of all-cause dementia in women aged 65 and older. WHIMS, an ancillary study to the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) funded by the National Institutes of Health, will recruit a subgroup of women aged 65 and older from among those enrolling in the HRT trial of the WHI. The WHI clinical centers and 10 affiliated satellites plan to enroll approximately 8300 women into WHIMS over a 2-year period. Participants will be followed annually for 6 years, receiving cognitive assessments via the Modified Mini-Mental State (3MS) Examination. Women who screen positively for cognitive impairment on the basis of an educational and age-adjusted 3MS cutpoint proceed to more extensive neuropsychological testing and neurologic evaluation. Each woman suspected to have dementia then undergoes a series of laboratory tests that confirm the clinical diagnosis and classify the type of dementia. WHIMS is designed to provide more than 80% statistical power to detect a 40% reduction in the rate of all-cause dementia, an effect that could have profound public health implications for older women's health and functioning.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Life threatening pulmonary embolus in a factor V Leiden carrier on oral contraceptives: a case report.

Venous thromboembolism is a serious, potentially lethal health problem affecting one per 1,000 people annually. Major surgery, the use of oral contraceptives, complicated pregnancy, fractures, and immobilization increase the risk of thrombosis. In addition to these factors, thrombosis is associated with inherited deficiencies of antithrombin III, protein C, and protein S. Together these do not account for more than five to 10% of the cases. Hereditary activated protein C resistance has been recognized as a basis for a majority of cases of familial thrombosis. It accounted for more than a 10 times higher number than that of other known genetic defects. We describe a case of a young female who presented with a pulmonary embolism and was discovered to have activated protein C resistance. This patient had a heterozygous mutation for factor V Leiden and was taking oral contraceptives. This report underlines: 1) increased risk of venous thrombosis in oral contraceptive users who carry factor V Leiden mutation associated with functional resistance to the normal anticoagulation activities of protein C; 2) most episodes occurring in the young are minor, but pulmonary embolus can occur; 3) the importance of identifying other affected members of the family; and 4) the importance of anticoagulation prophylaxis at times of enhanced risk, particularly during pregnancy, postpartum, and major surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Evidence of prenatal infection in the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) with the lungworm Halocercus lagenorhynchi (Nematoda: Pseudaliidae).

Adult lung nematodes identified as Halocercus lagenorhynchi were collected from the lungs of four Tursiops truncatus calves. The calves ranged in age from newborn to 3-wk-old and were found on both the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of Florida (USA). This finding suggests the possibility of a more cosmopolitan distribution of prenatal infection with lung nematodes in cetaceans than previously suspected.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Differentiation of substantia gelatinosa-like regions in intraspinal and intracerebral transplants of embryonic spinal cord tissue in the rat.

The differentiation of intracerebral and intraspinal transplants of fetal (E14-E15) rat spinal cord was studied to determine the extent to which myelin-free zones in these embryonic grafts exhibit cytological features and immunocytochemical characteristics of the substantia gelatinosa (SG) of the normal spinal cord. Immunocytochemical staining with antiserum to myelin basic protein (MBP) revealed myelin-free areas of varying proportions within fetal spinal cord grafts. These regions were identified in both newborn and adult recipients regardless of whether donor tissue was grafted to heterotopic (intracerebral) or homotopic (intraspinal) sites. As in the SG of the intact spinal cord, the myelin-free regions consisted mainly of small (7-15 microns) diameter neurons. At the ultrastructural level, these cells were surrounded by a neuropil composed of numerous small caliber, unmyelinated axons and intermediate-sized dendrites. Synaptic terminals in these areas were primarily characterized by the presence of clear, round vesicles, although granular vesicles were occasionally found within these terminals. Immunocytochemical staining demonstrated met- and leu-enkephalin-, neurotensin-, substance P-, and somatostatin-like immunoreactive elements within these myelin-free areas. Thus, regions within embryonic spinal cord grafts undergo some topographical differentiation which parallels that of the normal superficial dorsal horn. The presence of SG-like regions illustrates the potential capacity of fetal spinal cord transplants for replacing some intraspinal neuronal populations at the site of a spinal cord injury in neonatal and adult animals. These graft regions may serve as a source of intersegmental projection neurons or establish an extensive intrinsic circuitry similar to that seen in the normal SG. In addition, the definition of these areas provides a useful model to study the innervation patterns of host axons that typically project to the substantia gelatinosa of the normal spinal cord.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Negative and positive assays of superoxide dismutase based on hematoxylin autoxidation.

Hematoxylin, a natural dye commonly used as a histological stain, generates superoxide upon oxidation to its quinonoid product, hematein. The parameters affecting this reaction were assessed in developing a new and versatile assay for superoxide dismutase. The autoxidation of hematoxylin to hematein was accompanied by an increase in absorbance between 400 and 670 nm. The autoxidation rate was proportional to hematoxylin concentration and increased with pH above 6.55. Trace metals accelerated the autoxidation and this effect was eliminated by EDTA. Superoxide dismutase inhibited the autoxidation 90-95% below pH 7.8, but above pH 8.1 the rate was augmented by superoxide dismutase. The rate inhibition at low pH was proportional to the superoxide dismutase concentration up to 70% inhibition. The rate acceleration at high pH was proportional to superoxide dismutase concentration up to approximately 200% acceleration. The autoxidation rate was not significantly affected by ethanol, cyanide, azide, hydrogen peroxide, or catalase. However, the reaction was inhibited by the reducing agents NADH, reduced glutathione, ascorbate, and dithiothreitol, and by undialyzed extracts of Escherichia coli B. When cell extracts were dialyzed prior to assay, the degree of inhibition observed was proportional to the concentration of superoxide dismutase in the extract. These observations form the basis for negative and positive assays of superoxide dismutase which are inexpensive and simple to perform. The negative assay has the added advantage of being applicable at physiological pH.

Benzopyrans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The X-gal caution in neural transplantation studies.

Cell transplantation into host brain requires a reliable cell marker to trace lineage and location of grafted cells in host tissue. The lacZ gene encodes the bacterial (E. coli) enzyme beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) and is commonly visualized as a blue intracellular precipitate following its incubation with a substrate, "X gal," in an oxidation reaction. LacZ is the "reporter gene" most commonly employed to follow gene expression in neural tissue or to track the fate of transplanted exogenous cells. If the reaction is not performed carefully-with adequate optimization and individualization of various parameters (e.g.. pH, concentration of reagents, addition of chelators, composition of fixatives) and the establishment of various controls--then misleading nonspecific background X-gal positivity can result, leading to the misidentification of cells. Some of this background results from endogenous nonbacterial beta-gal activity in discrete populations of neurons in the mammalian brain; some results from an excessive oxidation reaction. Surprisingly, few articles have empha sized how to recognize and to eliminate these potential confounding artifacts in order to maximize the utility and credibility of this histochemical technique as a cell marker. We briefly review the phenomenon in general, discuss a specific case that illustrates how an insufficiently scrutinized X-gal positivity can be a pitfall in cell transplantation studies, and then provide recommendations for optimizing the specificity and reliability of this histochemical reaction for discerning E. coli beta-gal activity.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reduce costs and improve patient satisfaction with home pre-operative bowel preparations.

The results of a home-based preoperative bowel preparation, with and without the support of home care services, are compared with hospital-based preoperative bowel preparation. Length of stay, morbidity, and mortality rates; issues of patient satisfaction; and demographics are reported. The method and tools used in planning, implementing, and evaluating the home preoperative bowel preparation program are also shared. Other issues discussed are the healthcare market forces that promote an increased value of care. Economic and patient satisfaction considerations by employers, payers, and patients; the increasing influence of patient choice on healthcare provider selection and care setting preferences; the nursing workforce issues related to the impending shortage; and issues of regulatory and accrediting agencies are also discussed.

Adult↗