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Biomedical subjects

M Dalaker

Publications and source records attributed to M Dalaker.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Methemoglobin formation during laser induced photothermolysis of vascular skin lesions.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Monitoring dynamic changes during laser induced photothermolysis of vascular skin lesions is essential for obtaining an optimal therapeutic result. Rapid photoinduced thermal damage occurs at a threshold temperature of about 70 degrees C. It is therefore, relevant to identify markers to indicate if this threshold temperature has been reached. Methemoglobin, which is formed by a photo-induced oxidation of hemoglobin, indicates that the temperature has reached this threshold value. This study presents a proof of concept of a method for monitoring the in vivo presence of methemoglobin immediately after laser exposure. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was designed to investigate the in vivo temperature dependence of hemoglobin absorption in the 450-800 nm spectrum range. In vivo diffuse reflectance measurements of port-wine stain (PWS) and telangiectasia were performed prior to, and immediately after, laser treatment with a pulsed dye laser (PDL) at 585 nm wavelength. RESULTS: In vivo measurements following laser treatment of vascular skin lesions showed an immediate increase in the optical absorption of blood. This effect, caused by thermal stress, is a result of an increased dermal blood volume fraction and methemoglobin formation. The effect is light dose dependent, and reflectance spectra revealed methemoglobin formation in patients treated with fluences above 5 J/cm2 at 585 nm wavelength. CONCLUSIONS: It was proved that methemoglobin can be measured in vivo by reflectance spectroscopy. Measurements of the average methemoglobin concentrations immediately after laser exposure may be a valuable diagnostic tool to verify that the blood temperature has been sufficiently high to induce thermal damage to the vessel wall.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Expression of the psoriasis-associated antigen, Pso p27, is inhibited by cyclosporin A.

The psoriasis-associated antigen, pso p27, can be isolated from psoriasis scale and is present in complement-activating immune complexes in psoriatic scale, and in serum from patients with psoriasis. The antigen is produced by tryptase-positive cells in the skin lesions and is shown to be a major antigen in the immune reactions in psoriasis. The synthesis of this particular antigen is reduced with the remission of inflammation in the skin lesions. In this study we followed 3 patients with severe plaque psoriasis during treatment with cyclosporin A. In all patients we observed a decrease in the expression of the antigen pso p27 during the therapy. The effectiveness of the therapy varied among the patients, but there was a clear correlation between disease activity and expression of the antigen pso p27 as demonstrated by immunofluorescence in biopsies from selected skin lesions. This observation strengthens our hypothesis that the pso p27 antigen plays an important role in the inflammation in psoriasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Surgical treatment of carcinoid bronchial tumor].

During the period 1977-95, 20 patients underwent surgery for carcinoid tumour in the bronchus at the University Hospital of Trondheim (n = 16) and Innherred County Hospital (n = 4). All the tumours were typical carcinoid tumours. Median age of the patients was 41 years (range 16-78 years). The observation period averaged 7.5 years (0.5-18 years). The most common symptoms were cough, dyspnoea, wheezing and pneumonia. One patient had carcinoid syndrome. Chest X-ray were negative in three of the patients. Bronchoscopy was carried out in all the patients. Biopsies were taken in ten of them, and the diagnosis was conclusive in five cases. Lateral thoracotomy was performed in all the patients. The surgical procedures were lobectomy (15), segmental/wedge resection (3), bronchotomy with tumour resection (1) and sleeve resection (1). 19 patients were still alive at the time of follow-up, with no tumour recurrence. One patient died from cerebral stroke eight years after surgery. Good long-term results were found, and the study supports the use of limited lung resection or bronchoplasty operations to treat carcinoid tumour in the bronchus if the primary tumour is localised and there are no metastases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Laser treatment of port wine stains: therapeutic outcome in relation to morphological parameters.

Thirty patients were treated with a flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser, with 0.45 ms pulse width and 585 nm wavelength. Punch biopsies were taken prior to treatment, and the biopsies were examined morphometrically. Three different test sites were exposed to laser light of fluence 5.25, 6.50 and 7.75 J/cm2. The degree of blanching was examined 6-8 weeks after treatment, and each site was retreated four times. Six patients (20%) achieved poor blanching, eight patients (27%) obtained moderate lightening and 16 patients (53%) showed good response. The vessels of the good responders were located significantly more superficially than the vessels of the moderate and poor responders (P < 0.05). The poor responders had significantly smaller vessels than the moderate and good responders (P < 0.01). The moderate responders had deeper, but larger vessels, than the poor responders. Hence, an increasing vessel diameter reduces the negative outcome of increasing vessel depth. The vessel diameter was correlated to the colour (P < 0.01), e.g. the mean vessel diameter was increasing from 16.5 microns in pink lesions to 51.2 microns in purple lesions. The vessel depth was partly reflected in the lesional colour, as the pink and purple lesions had significantly deeper vessels than the red ones (P = 0.02). These results indicate that pink lesions predict poor blanching due to deeply located small vessels, while red lesions predict a good therapeutic result because of more superficially located vessels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Extracellular phospholipase A2 expression in sarcoidosis.

This study was conducted in order to focus upon the Ca2- dependent secretory non-pancreatic phospholipase A2 (npPLA2) enzyme and its possible role in the pathophysiology of sarcoidosis. Serum samples were taken from 24 patients with sarcoidosis to determine the levels of npPLA2. Moreover, in another group of patients with active chest x-ray stage II and III sarcoidosis, bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and transbronchial lung biopsies (TBL) were taken. Highly significant increase of npPLA2 in serum was found in patients compared to controls (p < 0.001). Furthermore, those patients with stable and inactive disease and those who were under treatment with corticosteroids, tended to have lower values than those with active disease and those who were untreated. An intense accumulation of npPLA2 was found in smooth muscle tissue in lung biopsy specimens, in close connection with fibroblast accumulation and deposition of collagen. These cells also stained positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA). In addition, when using the technique of in situ hybridization, expression of npPLA2-mRNA was found in the fibroblast layer surrounding the epitheloid cell granulomas. These fibroblasts did not stain positive for alpha-SMA. Our data suggest that npPLA2 is actively involved, and has an important role, in the pathophysiology of sarcoidosis.

Actins↗
PubMed1994

[Smuggling of narcotics in body cavities].

Smuggling of narcotics by internal concealment has increased considerably worldwide, including in the Scandinavian countries. During the period 1988-92, Norwegian custom officials reported 245 seizures where packets of narcotics had been inserted into the rectum or vagina, or had been swallowed. Based on two fatal cases as a result of intestinal obstruction and cocaine intoxication respectively, this report summarizes the main features of the "body packer" syndrome.

Adult↗