Erythromycin-associated hypotension.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
M Dan
Publications and source records attributed to M Dan.
Penetration of fleroxacin into breast milk and pharmacokinetics in lactating women.
Fleroxacin was administered to seven lactating women as a single oral dose of 400 mg. Plasma, urine, and milk samples were collected for up to 48 h after administration. Drug concentrations were determined by a reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography method and were used for the pharmacokinetic evaluation. At approximately 2 h after oral administration, a maximum concentration of 5.6 mg/liter was determined in plasma; the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) amounted to 70.3 mg.h/liter, and the elimination half-life in the postdistributive phase was 8 h. Total systemic clearance was 97.3 ml/min, and urinary excretion was 38% of the dose within 48 h. In addition, 8.6% of the N-demethyl metabolite and 4.4% of the N-oxide metabolite were recovered from urine. In comparison with previous results obtained with healthy male volunteers, the time to reach maximum concentrations in plasma was twice as long in the nursing women, and total clearance as well as urinary elimination were reduced by 25%. In breast milk, the mean maximum concentration was 3.5 mg/liter, which was reached 2.6 h after drug administration. The elimination half-life of fleroxacin in milk was identical to that in plasma, and the AUC reached 43.3 mg.h/liter. On the basis of the comparison of the AUC in milk versus the AUC in plasma, the proportion of fleroxacin penetration into milk was 62%. The cumulative excretion in milk amounted to only 0.219 mg within 48 h. On the basis of an average daily intake of milk of a breast-fed child of 150 ml/kg of body weight, the maximum daily ingested fleroxacin dose would not exceed 10 mg. However, quinolones are known to induce arthropathy in juvenile animals, and therefore, administration of fleroxacin to breast-feeding women cannot be allowed.
Adult↗
Bryostatin 1-induced hairy cell features on chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in vitro.
The phorbol esters induce differentiation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. Clinical use of this observation has been hampered by the fact that phorbol esters are also tumor promoters. In this study we demonstrate that another protein kinase C activator, without tumor promoting activity, has similar effects on CLL cells. Fresh leukemic cells from the peripheral blood of 13 patients with CLL were isolated and cultured in the absence (control) or presence of Bryostatin 1 or 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). Aliquots of cells were then analyzed after 24, 72 and 120 hours for morphological changes, acid phosphatase (ACP) and the co-expression of two hairy cell-associated surface antigens, CD22 and CD11c, by flow cytometry. Bryostatin 1 induced changes in shape and morphology similar to TPA, with adherence and increase in cell size, abundant cytoplasm and irregular cytoplasmic membrane. Both agents induced a statistically significant increase in the expression of CD22 and CD11c compared with control (p < 0.0008). There was no significant difference between the two agents in the degree of expression of these two markers. Both agents also induced ACP that was tartrate resistant (TRAP). These changes indicate that Bryostatin is as effective as TPA in inducing further differentiation of CLL cells to a hairy cell stage.
Acid Phosphatase↗
[Usefulness of heart rate variability (HRV) in the monitoring of patients with severe brain lesions].
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Adolescent↗
HIV infection and intravenous drug abuse: world perspective and epidemiology in Israel.
As the second largest group of persons to have been infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the main source of HIV transmission to heterosexual partners in the industrialized world, intravenous drug abusers (IVDAs) play an increasingly important role in the AIDS epidemic. The situation is particularly alarming in South and East Asia where a sharp increase in HIV seropositivity rate among IVDAs has occurred over just a few years. In Israel, the impact of HIV infection on IVDAs has remained limited with a prevalence of 2%-4.2%. In most cases, infection was contracted following travel and drug injection abroad. Israel continues to be a pre-epidemic area of HIV infection.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Preclinical studies for adoptive immunotherapy in bone marrow transplantation. Generation of anti-CD3 activated cytotoxic T cells from normal donors and autologous bone marrow transplant candidates.
In order to obtain T cells for adoptive immunotherapy after autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) for patients with resistant hematological malignancies, a culture system was developed for growing T cells and inducing non-MHC-restricted cytotoxicity using anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (OKT3) activation. In this investigation, we show that (1) peripheral blood lymphocytes or bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC) from normal donors and cancer patients can be activated with OKT3 and grown in interleukin-2; (2) normal BMMNC activated with OKT3/IL-2 exhibited non-MHC-restricted cytotoxicity and surface markers comparable to that exhibited by normal PBL activated with OKT3/IL-2; (3) both proliferation and cytotoxic functions were IL-2-dependent; (4) PBL activated with OKT3/IL-2 after cryogenic storage grew and killed comparable to PBL activated with OKT3/IL-2 prior to cryopreservation; (5) OKT3/IL-2-activated PBL and BMMNC obtained from 5 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) and 1 patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) increased cell numbers 41-75-fold in 2 weeks of culture; 5 of 6 patients with NHL or AML had PBL and BMMNC that exhibited cytotoxic activity; and (6) contaminating leukemic cells did not overgrow in OKT3/IL-2-activated cultures and could no longer be detected on cytospin specimens after 3 weeks of culture. These data show that T cells in PBL or BMMNC from ABMT candidates can be activated with OKT3/IL-2 for adoptive immunotherapy in combination with ABMT.
Antibodies↗
Penetration of ciprofloxacin into human peritoneal tissue following a single oral dose of 750 milligrams.
The penetration of ciprofloxacin into the peritoneal tissue was studied in 10 patients after a single oral dose of 750 mg given 5.6 hours (mean) before elective laparotomy. The mean tissue level was 0.29 micrograms/ml (range, 0.082 to 0.96 micrograms/ml) while the mean concomitant serum level was 1.3 micrograms/g (range, 0.52 to 2.57 micrograms/g). The achieved concentrations are above the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ciprofloxacin for most gram-negative bacteria commonly involved in intra-abdominal infections.
Abdomen↗
Peritonitis caused by Pseudomonas putrefaciens in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
Three cases of peritonitis caused by Pseudomonas putrefaciens in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis are described. In two cases asymptomatic colonization of the dialysate preceded overt infection. All patients responded successfully to standard antibiotic therapy with gentamicin or ofloxacin. This is the first report of peritonitis caused by P. putrefaciens.
Aged↗
Human immunodeficiency virus infection among intravenous drug addicts in Israel--stable low prevalence over 34 months.
A serological survey of 300 Israeli intravenous drug addicts in 1988-1989, showed a 2.3% prevalence of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), very similar to the finding of a previous study (2%) performed in the same population in 1986. Travel and drug injection abroad continue to be the most significant predictors of HIV seropositivity in this group. The relatively uncommon use of cocaine and the absence of 'shooting galleries' in Israel, appears to explain best the stable low prevalence of HIV infection among parenteral drug addicts in this country.
Adult↗
HTLV among Israeli intravenous drug abusers.
Since human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infection was recently described in Israel and other Middle Eastern countries, we have investigated the presence of HTLV type 1 and type 2 in a group of 299 intravenous (IV) drug abusers who were seen at a large methadone clinic in the Tel Aviv area in 1986-1987. We found that 1.3% were seropositive to HTLV. Further testing revealed that HTLV1 was the only HTLV serotype. In addition, no coinfection HIV1/HTLV1 and no HIV2 infection were detected. Since all HTLV seropositives were born in Middle Eastern countries, did not travel outside Israel and were not infected by HIV1 or by HTLV type 2, it is possible that the source of HTLV1 infection in that group was in an endemic reservoir of HTLV1 in Israel. The detection of HTLV1 among IV drug abusers and among other groups in Israel necessitates more extensive HTLV testing in at-risk populations.
Adult↗
Distribution of ciprofloxacin in ascitic fluid following administration of a single oral dose of 750 milligrams.
The penetration of ciprofloxacin into the ascitic fluid of eight patients was studied. Serum and ascitic fluid samples were obtained before and at 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 h following administration of a single oral dose of 750 mg. Peak levels (mean +/- standard deviation) were 4.0 +/- 0.7 micrograms/ml in serum and 2.6 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml in ascitic fluid; the areas under the curve (0 to 12 h) were 29.1 +/- 6.5 micrograms.h/ml in serum and 20.7 +/- 5.0 micrograms.h/ml in ascitic fluid. The concentrations that were achieved are well above the MICs of ciprofloxacin for the members of the family Enterobacteriaceae that cause spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
Administration, Oral↗
The differential leukocyte count in adults with acute gastroenteritis.
The total and differential leukocyte count of 4 groups of patients, admitted to the hospital because of acute gastroenteritis was evaluated. The 4 groups included: (a) 131 adult patients with positive stool culture for shigella; (b) 23 children (age less than 15 years) with positive stool culture for shigella; (c) 52 adult patients with positive stool culture for salmonella; (d) 43 adult patients with negative stool culture for bacterial pathogens. The total leukocyte count did not contribute to the differential diagnosis between shigella gastroenteritis and gastroenteritis of other etiology. However, the absolute band count was significantly higher in adults with shigella gastroenteritis. Moreover, a band to total neutrophil ratio further increased the diagnosis specificity. The differential leukocyte count can contribute to early diagnosis of shigellosis in adult patients.
Acute Disease↗
Prenatal diagnosis of isovaleric acidemia by fast atom bombardment and tandem mass spectrometry.
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Amniotic Fluid↗
Value and limitations of transesophageal echocardiographic monitoring during percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy.
To determine the utility of transesophageal echocardiographic monitoring during percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy, we analyzed data from 40 consecutive patients who had been randomly assigned to undergo balloon mitral valvotomy under transesophageal echocardiographic guidance or without echo. All procedures were carried out under general anaesthesia. The completion rate (100% vs 73%), the procedure time (108 +/- 28 min vs 65 +/- 18 min), the X-ray exposure time (62 +/- 13 vs 33 +/- 12 min), resulted significantly (P less than 0.001) more favorable in the echo-monitored patients. Moreover, a lower rate of major complications (cardiac tamponade, large residual atrial shunting, and severe mitral regurgitation) was noted in the echo-monitored patients. The achieved final area of the mitral valve did not differ significantly between the two groups. From an evaluation of results as a whole, 96% of the echo-monitored procedures were successful, whereas only 40% of the procedures conducted without echocardiographic control achieved a satisfactory final result in absence of major complications. We conclude that transesophageal echocardiography is a safe, effective, and valuable tool to monitor each step of balloon mitral valvotomy in order to shorten the time of the procedure, and to improve the results of this complex interventional catheterization technique.
Adult↗
Penetration of ofloxacin into human lung tissue following a single oral dose of 200 milligrams.
The penetration of ofloxacin into lung tissue was studied in 10 patients subjected to pulmonary surgery. Samples of blood and lung tissue were obtained 3 to 8 h (mean, 5 h) after oral administration of 200 mg. The mean level in tissue was 2.17 +/- 0.5 micrograms/g, while the mean level in serum was 0.85 +/- 0.23 micrograms/ml. The mean lung tissue/serum concentration ratio was 2.55 +/- 0.30. The achievable levels of ofloxacin in lung tissue are above the MICs for most pulmonary pathogens.
Administration, Oral↗
Prevalence of sexually transmitted pathogens among women attending a methadone clinic in Israel.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of sexually transmitted pathogens in drug-addicted women in Tel Aviv, Israel. DESIGN: A prospective study conducted between March and July 1987. SETTING: A methadone clinic in Tel Aviv, Israel. SUBJECTS: Sixty four asymptomatic female drug addicts were studied; 38 of them were declared practising prostitutes. METHODS: Cervical specimens were obtained for cultures, and blood samples were drawn for serological tests. Demographic data and sexual histories were obtained using a standard questionnaire. RESULTS: Chlamydia trachomatis was detected in the cervix of 25% of women; 98% had antibody titres (greater than 1:64). Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum were isolated in 57% and 65% respectively. Gardnerella vaginalis was detected in 17% of women, and herpes simplex virus was cultured from two prostitutes. Five per cent of women were carriers of HBsAg, while 57% had HBSs and/or HBc antibodies. Only one prostitute had specific treponemal antibodies. In no case were gonococci or group B streptococci isolated, and HIV serology was invariably negative. CONCLUSION: Chlamydia and genital mycoplasmas appear to be the prevailing pathogens in Israeli drug-addicted women, while gonococci and Treponema pallidum occur only rarely.
Adult↗
Successful emergency percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy in a patient with massive left atrial thrombosis: utility of transesophageal echocardiographic monitoring.
Emergency percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy was carried out successfully in a 65-year-old woman with severe mitral stenosis and massive left atrial thrombosis. Transesophageal echocardiography was of great value in monitoring each step of the procedure in order to avoid systemic embolization due to improper manipulation of the dilating apparatus within the left atrium.
Aged↗
Cytoplasmic crystalloids in the periodontal tissue of beige mice.
The periodontal tissue of beige mice has been examined by electron microscopy. Specimens of the periodontal tissue from the right mandibular first molars of 10 male beige (bg/bg) and 5 male non-beige (bg/+, controls) mice, were fixed in a mixture of glutaraldehyde and paraformaldehyde, and then decalcified in EDTA. After fixation in osmium tetroxide, the specimens were dehydrated and embedded in epon resin. Ultrathin sections were then stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and observed by electron microscopy. A larger number of cytoplasmic crystalloids were seen in the lysosomes of the histiocytes of the beige mice than in the non-beige mice. These cytoplasmic crystalloids showed striation structures composed of linear densities that were oriented longitudinally, transversely, and obliquely, with about a 4-nm periodicity. The periodontal tissue of the beige mice contained several cells with numerous cytoplasmic crystalloids, whereas there were few cells with fewer crystalloids in the non-beige mice.
Animals↗