Ultrasonography of the brain in preterm infants and its correlation with neurodevelopmental outcome.
Two hundred and eighteen preterm neonates had ultrasonography (USG) brain done on third, and/or seventh and fourteenth day of life. Fifty eight (26.3%) had intraventricular/ periventricular hemorrhage, 3 had parenchymal lesions. 46 had Grade I hemorrhage, 9 had Grade II, 2 had Grade III and 1 had Grade IV hemorrhage. Grade III and IV hemorrhages occurred in neonates below 34 weeks gestation. There was an inverse relationship between gestation age and hemorrhage (p = 0.0001). A comparison of incidence of hemorrhage between preterms who were appropriate for gestational age was not significant. Out of the 63 neonates who had serial USGs on the third and seventh day of life, 15 of the 16 bleeds (94%) were detected on the third day itself, indicating it to be a opportune time for doing an USG. USG at term (40 weeks postconceptual age) was done in 99 infants to see if it could correctly predict the neurodevelopmental outcome using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Out of these 99 infants, 72 came for the developmental assessment at one year. One neonate who had periventricular leucomalacia with cystic changes on USG at term, was grossly abnormal with cerebral palsy and mental retardation. Six infants showed delayed development with a mean mental development quotient of 79.1 +/- 1.72 at 2 years. The specificity of USG at term for predicting outcome was 89.2% and negative predictive outcome was 90%, indicating that a normal USG at term predicted a good neurodevelopmental outcome.