PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Diab

Publications and source records attributed to M Diab.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Retained wooden foreign body in a child's thigh complicated by severe necrotizing fasciitis: a case report and discussion of imaging modalities for early diagnosis.

Soft tissue foreign bodies (FB) represent a common cause for emergency department visits. Diagnosis may be difficult especially with non-radiopaque FB. The clinical course may be complicated by superficial or deep tissue infection. Use of imaging modalities such as ultrasound may be important for early diagnosis. We report a case of retained foreign body with a complicated clinical course and discuss imaging modalities that may have aided in the early diagnosis.

Child↗
PubMed2000

[Oral levofloxacin versus intravenous ceftriaxone and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia that requires hospitalization].

BACKGROUND: Levofloxacin, an antibiotic from the quinolone family, which is used with success in the ambulatory treatment of patients with community-acquired pneumonia, has been recently introduced to the pharmaceutical market. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness and tolerance of oral (v.o.) levofloxacin (LVF) versus intravenous (i.v.) amoxicillin/clavulanate (AMX/CL) and ceftriaxone (CTX) in the treatment of the community-acquired pneumonia that require hospitalization (CAPH). PATIENTS AND METHOD: In this prospective and randomized study 84 patients were included, 28 per group, from both sex with CAPH. The patients were assigned randomly to receive one of the next treatments: AMX/CL, 1.02 g i.v. every 8 h, CTX, 1 g i.v. every 12 h or LVF, 500 mg v.o. every 24 h. At the beginning clinical, biochemical and radiological characteristics were recorded from each case and at the 72 h the effect of treatment was evaluated using the evolution of the thermal curve and radiological images. The quantitative variables were analyzed with ANOVA, the qualitatives parameters with *2 test and Yates correction. The level of signification was * = 0.05. RESULTS: Age, sex, clinical presentation, biochemical measurements and radiological images in the 3 groups were similar and no adverse effects were recorded in any of them. Number of patients with favorable outcome in the groups AMX/CL, CTX and LVF was 25 (89%), 25 (89%) and 26 (93%); p = 0,870. CONCLUSIONS: Levofloxacin can be a simple, effective and safe therapeutic option for patients with CAPH.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2000

[Effect of topical and oral diclofenac on superficial thrombophlebitis caused by intravenous infusion].

BACKGROUND: Until present time, suggested treatments for superficial thrombophlebitis induced by intravenous infusion (TFSI), are of uncertain effectiveness and most of them or empirical and not fully researched. The aim of this report is to study the effectiveness and safety of the topical and oral administration of diclofenac in the treatment of TFSI. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this prospective study 120 patients both female and male were included. All of them developed TFSI during hospitalization and at the same time they were assigned at random to one of the following groups: G-control (n = 40), without treatment; G-topical (n = 40), diclofenac emulsion gel used in a topical way on the concerned area every 8 hours during 48 hours; G-oral (n = 40), diclofenac 75 mg p.o. every 12 hours during 48 hours. The measurements were done at the moment of diagnosis of TFSI (T0) and 48 hours later (T2). Registries of intensity of TFSI were done by quantifying flushing, tumor, heatness and pain. These data were compared considering the averages of differences registered in T2 with respect to T0. A decrease of intensity of TFSI > or = 30% was considered a positive answer to this treatment. The quantitative variables were studied with ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test or general linear model and the qualitative with the chi 2 test with Yates correction. The level of significance used was alpha = 0.05. RESULTS: The averages of differences in the intensity of TFSI that were registered in the groups G-control, G-topical and G-oral in T2 compared to T0 are: -0.12 (4.89), -5.70 (3.13), -4.82 (3.14) (p = 0.000). The favorable answers in G-control, G-topical and G-oral were: 20, 60 and 60%, respectively (p = 0.0001). The adverse reactions in G-topical and G-oral were: headache 9-5 (p = 0.2), epigastric pain 4-17 (p = 0.0009), nausea 6-16 (p = 0.01) and local pruritus 5-2 (p = 0.2). The treatment did not report serious adverse reactions in either of the groups. CONCLUSION: The topical treatment of diclofenac can be recommended as an alternative simple, effective and safe therapy for patients who develop TFSI.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2000

Adolescents becoming smokers: the roles of stress and coping methods.

PURPOSE: To examine the relationship of stress and coping methods to smoking status (never-smoker, experimenter, and current smoker) among an inner-city, clinic-based, adolescent population, as well as to examine the prevalence of smoking and related behaviors in this population using a cross-sectional survey. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire that included the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), negative life events (LES), and a coping measures scale was used with 954 clinic patients aged 12-21 years. Demographic characteristics were compared using analysis of variance and Chi-square test. The Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance was used to compare the values of each scale among smoking-status groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relationship of smoking status to PSS, LES, and coping methods. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of smoking in this population was 26%. The age of onset was 13.3 years for current smokers vs. 15.5 for experimenters (p<.01). Perceived stress and negative life events, adjusting for demographic variables, were highest among current smokers, less so in experimenters, and lowest in the never-smokers (p <.001). Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that negative life events, perceived stress, greater use of the negative coping methods of anger and helplessness, and less use of the positive coping methods of parental support and cognitive coping were significantly and independently related to smoking status. CONCLUSIONS: One in four inner-city youth report smoking. Higher levels of stress and greater use of negative coping methods were found in current smokers than in experimenters and never-smokers.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

Intrusion injuries of primary incisors. Part I: Review and management.

Intrusion injuries commonly occur in the primary dentition. They can be described as luxation injuries resulting from an axially directed impact, which drives the tooth deeper into the alveolar socket. The impact results in compression of and damage to the periodontal ligament as well as injury to the pulp of the intruded incisor. In addition to rendering treatment to the intruded primary tooth, the dentist must also be aware of the possibility of an injury to the developing permanent teeth germs located in close proximity to the roots of the injured primary teeth. This review will discuss the characteristics, implications, and management of intrusion injuries of primary incisors.

Child↗
PubMed2000

Intrusion injuries of primary incisors. Part II: Sequelae affecting the intruded primary incisors.

Luxation injuries to incisors, including intrusive displacement, occur with a high frequency in the primary dentition. Intrusion injuries are associated with damage to the pulpal and periodontal structures and possible fracture of the alveolar bone. The pulpal tissue of the intruded tooth sustains a severe shock during displacement, which may be reflected later by sequelae ranging from mild discoloration to pulpal necrosis and infection. Disintegration of pulpal tissue may result in periapical tissue inflammation, which in turn may induce developmental disturbances in the germ of the permanent successor tooth. Additionally, severe injury to the periodontal ligament during intrusion may lead to ankylosis of the primary incisor and consequently to delayed or ectopic eruption of its permanent successor. This article will review the possible sequelae affecting primary incisors following their intrusion.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2000

Intrusion injuries of primary incisors. Part III: Effects on the permanent successors.

Intrusion injuries of the primary dentition are highly associated with developmental disturbances of their successor teeth. The age of the child at the time of injury, the direction and severity of the intrusion, and the presence of alveolar bone fracture are important variables influencing the effect of primary tooth intrusion on the developing permanent germ. The developmental defects of the permanent successor tooth range from mild alteration in enamel mineralization to severe sequestration of the developing germ. This article will review the developmental anomalies of the permanent incisors induced by intrusion injuries of their predecessors.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1999

[Evaluation of two methods to avoid the nephropathy associated with radiologic contrast].

UNLABELLED: Our objective was to establish the efficacy of two methods to avoid contrast associated nephropathy (C.A.N). We studied in prospective and randomized form a sample of 75 patients of whom 25 were assigned to the CONTROL GROUP: without interventions; 25 to the Saline group: 0.45% saline solution I.V., 1.5 cc/kg/min, 6 hours before and after the angiographic study and 25 to the Dopa group: equal procedure plus the aggregate of dopamine 2 micrograms/kg/min, 30 minutes before the study until the termination. The evaluation effected at patient's entry was considered T0, T1, 24 hs after the T2, 48 hs after. In T0 was registered: age, sex, pathological antecedents, drugs and plasmatic creatinine, and in T2 creatinine. An increase of 25% of the plasmatic creatinine in T2 was considered as C.A.N. The latter was present in 13/25 (OR: 1) CONTROL GROUP patients, 7/25 (OR 0.36), Salina group patients and in 5/25 (OR 0.23) Dopa group patients (p = 0.01). No significant difference was registered in the urinary output nor in the plasmatic creatinine levels. It is concluded that hydration during six hours before and after the study with 0.45% saline solution and the same plan with the aggregate of dopamine are effective to prevent a C.A.N.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1999

[Intestinal infarct caused by giant cell arteritis].

Arteritis of giant cells compromising extracranial and particularly intestinal tissues is not frequent. Therefore, it is common practice to make the diagnosis retrospectively after analyzing the surgical sample. A case is presented of an 83 year old woman admitted to the Clinical Department with a clinical course of 3 days of evolution characterized by fever and pain in the left hemiabdomen. Her personal medical history included multiple diverticulosis of colon, collecistectomy and appendicectomy. Laboratory tests showed that uremia was 0.75 g/L (N.L to 0.45 g/L), V.E.S. 90 mm at the first hour, and the rest of the determinations were normal. The chest and abdomen rays as well as the abdomen and pelvis ecographies were normal. A diagnosis was reached as acute diverticulitis and the patient was treated with 400 mgr of ciprofloxacina and 2,000 mgr a day of metronidazol. She continued in a feverish state and with abdominal pain, so that an anexial tomography of abdomen was taken. It showed a widening of peritoneal fascias with scarce liquid in the left parietocolic dripping and Douglas septum. After 96 hours, surgery exploration was done and injuries in the left colon revealed compatibility with an infarct of the colon which had to be extirpated. Pathological examination revealed an infarct of colon due to a secondary arterial thrombosis characteristic of giant cell arteritis. After the diagnosis, immunological studies and biopsy of the left temporal artery were performed and reported as normal. The patient was treated with 40 mgr of prednisone a day improving rapidly.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Interobserver variation in the AO/OTA fracture classification system for pilon fractures: is there a problem?

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the interobserver variation for the AO/OTA fracture classification system: region forty-three-pilon fractures. METHODS: One senior attending, two fellows (one trauma, one foot and ankle), one junior orthopaedic resident, and one experienced research coordinator independently classified eighty-four sets of radiographs. The evaluator was blinded as to treatment and functional outcome. The radiographs initially used to manage the patients were evaluated; no special radiographs or standardized radiographic techniques were used. The kappa statistic, Williams index, and SAV statistic were calculated. RESULTS: Using the SAV statistic to quantify rater agreement beyond that expected by chance alone, the average chance-adjusted agreement among the raters was 0.57 for fracture type, 0.43 for group, and 0.41 for subgroup. This is equivalent to moderate agreement (0.41 to 0.60). The kappa statistic was used to determine whether there was difficulty with any specific category of the AO type classification among raters for selecting fracture type (A, B, C). Kappa values were 0.49 for type A, 0.58 for type B, 0.57 for type C, all of which were considered adequate. CONCLUSION: These data are similar to others reported for interobserver agreement with the AO/OTA fracture classification and other classification systems. The issue of individual judgement in taking a continuous variable (fracture pattern) and compartmentalizing it into a dichotomous variable (fracture classification system) is highlighted by these data. Determination of fracture types alone (type A, B, or C) would seem to be sufficient for clinical research where fracture severity should be reported as a variable.

Ankle Injuries↗
PubMed1996

Collagen type IX from human cartilage: a structural profile of intermolecular cross-linking sites.

Type IX collagen, a quantitatively minor collagenous component of cartilage, is known to be associated with and covalently cross-linked to type II collagen fibrils in chick and bovine cartilage. Type IX collagen molecules have also been shown to form covalent cross-links with each other in bovine cartilage. In the present study we demonstrate by structural analysis and location of cross-linking sites that, in human cartilage, type IX collagen is covalently cross-linked to type II collagen and to other molecules of type IX collagen. We also present evidence that, if the proteoglycan form of type IX collagen is present in human cartilage, it can only be a minor component of the matrix, similar to findings with bovine cartilage.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Compensation to articulatory perturbation: perceptual data.

The perceptual adequacy of vowels, stop consonants, and fricatives produced under conditions of articulatory perturbation was explored. In a previous study [McFarland and Baum, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 97, 1865-1873 (1995)], acoustic analyses of segments produced in two subtests (immediate compensation and postconversation) revealed small but significant changes in spectral characteristics of vowels and consonants under bite-block as compared to normal conditions. For the vowels only, adaptation increased subsequent to a period of conversation with the bite block in place, suggesting that compensation may develop over time and that consonants may require a longer period of adaptation. The present follow-up investigation examined whether the acoustic differences across conditions were perceptually salient. Ten listeners performed an identification and a quality rating task for stimuli from the earlier acoustic study. Results revealed reductions in identification scores and quality ratings for a subset of the vowels and consonants in the bite-block conditions relative to the normal condition in the immediate compensation subtest. In the postconversation subtest, quality ratings for the fricatives in the bite-block condition remained low as compared to those in the normal condition. Perceptual results are compared to the previous acoustic data gathered on these stimuli.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Cytokine production by human epithelial and endothelial cells following exposure to oral viridans streptococci involves lectin interactions between bacteria and cell surface receptors.

In order to examine the possible implication of human epithelial and endothelial cells in the pathogenesis of various diseases associated with oral viridans streptococci, we tested the immunomodulatory effects of 11 representative strains of oral viridans streptococci on human epithelial KB cells and endothelial cells. We then examined the possible role of two major adhesins from oral viridans streptococci, protein I/II and rhamnose-glucose polymers (RGPs), in this process. In this study we demonstrate that oral viridans streptococci are potent stimulators of interleukin-8 (IL-8) production from KB cells and of IL-6 and IL-8 production from endothelial cells. The ability of protein I/II and RGPs to contribute to these effects was then examined. Using biotinylated protein I/IIf and RGPs from Streptococcus mutans OMZ 175, we showed that these adhesins bind to KB and endothelial cells through specific interactions and that the binding of these molecules initiates the release of IL-8 from KB cells and of IL-6 and IL-8 from endothelial cells. These results suggest that protein I/IIf and RGPs play an important role in the interactions between bacteria and KB and endothelial cells in that similar cytokine profiles are obtained when cells are stimulated with bacteria or surface components. We also provide evidence that protein I/IIf binds to and stimulates KB and endothelial cells through lectin interactions and that N-acetyl neuraminic acid (NANA) and fucose present on cell surface glycoproteins may form the recognition site since binding and cytokine release can be inhibited by dispase and periodate treatment of cells and by NANA and fucose. These results demonstrate that oral viridans streptococci, probably by engaging two cell surface adhesins, exert immunomodulatory effects on human KB and endothelial cells.

Adhesins, Bacterial↗
PubMed1995

Capsular polysaccharide types 5 and 8 of Staphylococcus aureus bind specifically to human epithelial (KB) cells, endothelial cells, and monocytes and induce release of cytokines.

In order to examine the possible implication of capsular polysaccharide (CP) types 5 and 8 (CP5 and CP8) from Staphylococcus aureus in the pathological mechanism associated with staphylococcal infections, we tested the immunomodulatory effects of CP5 and CP8 on human epithelial KB cells, endothelial cells, and monocytes. Using biotinylated CP5 and CP8, we provide evidence that both CPs bind to KB cells, endothelial cells, and monocytes in a dose- and calcium-dependent manner through specific interactions. These results were confirmed by competition experiments using soluble cell extracts. Furthermore, we show that CPs bind to identical cell membrane receptors on all three types of human cells and that human normal serum contains a factor(s) which inhibits the binding of both CPs to human KB cells, endothelial cells, and monocytes. The ability of CP5 and CP8 to stimulate the production of cytokines by the human cells was then examined. CP5 and CP8 trigger KB cells to produce interleukin-8 (IL-8); endothelial cells to produce IL-8 and IL-6; and monocytes to produce IL-8, IL-6, IL-1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. The release of cytokines by all three types of cells is time dependent and dose dependent, and the tumor necrosis factor alpha production by monocytes is not affected by the addition of polymyxin B. We further confirm that human normal serum inhibits the immunomodulatory effects of both polysaccharides on each kind of cell. These results confirm that S. aureus CPs act as bacterial adhesins having immunomodulatory effects for human cells.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed1995

Pulse oximetry.

Pulse oximetry is a reliable, noninvasive, easy to use means of continuously determining arterial oxygen saturation in virtually any setting. This article details the historical and technical development of this monitor; reviews the literature on application, accuracy, and response; and presents an overview of future advances.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Abnormality of type IX collagen in a patient with diastrophic dysplasia.

There is growing evidence that a spectrum of chondrodysplasias are caused by mutations in the gene coding for type II collagen. The basic molecular defect in diastrophic dysplasia has not been defined, but it appears not to be in collagen type II. Cartilage contains other tissue-specific collagens, types IX, X, and XI, but no mutations have yet been found in their genes in clinical disease. Type IX collagen is hypothesized to play a role in the regulation of type II collagen fibril organization and structure in cartilage extracellular matrix. In this study, we have examined iliac crest growth cartilage from a patient with diastrophic dysplasia. Although collagen fibrils were markedly increased in diameter on transmission electron microscopy, type II collagen appeared to be normal biochemically. Type XI collagen was also normal. However, type IX collagen appeared abnormal on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a pronounced excess of the COL1 domain of the molecule in pepsin extracts. The findings point to an abnormality in structure or metabolism of type IX collagen in diastrophic dysplasia.

Amino Acid Sequence↗