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Biomedical subjects

M Diego

Publications and source records attributed to M Diego.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Prenatal anger effects on the fetus and neonate.

One hundred and sixty-six women were classified as experiencing high or low anger during the second trimester of pregnancy. The high-anger women also had high scores on depression and anxiety scales. In a follow-up across pregnancy, the fetuses of the high-anger women were noted to be more active and to experience growth delays. The high-anger mothers' high prenatal cortisol and adrenaline and low dopamine and serotonin levels were mimicked by their neonates' high cortisol and low dopamine levels. The high-anger mothers and infants were also similar on their relative right frontal EEG activation and their low vagal tone. Finally, the newborns of high-anger mothers had disorganised sleep patterns (greater indeterminate sleep and more state changes) and less optimal performance on the Brazelton Neonatal Behavior Assessment Scale (orientation, motor maturity and depression). These data highlight the need for prenatal intervention for elevated angry mood during pregnancy.

Anger↗
PubMed2001

Effect of exogenous cholecystokinin and secretin on pancreatic secretion of insulin and glucagon in rats: in vivo model without hepatic filter.

In order to study the effect of cholecystokinin and secretin on the endocrine function of the pancreas, we have developed an experimental model that we have applied to a total of 30 anesthetized rats stimulated with physiological or supraphysiological doses of cholecystokinin and secretin administered intravenously by continuous infusion. Our results show that the serum insulin concentration increases after the supramaximum dose of cholecystokinin is infused, while that of glucagon increases after the maximum dose of this hormone. In case of secretin, the serum glucagon level increases after the supramaximum dose, while that of insulin is not affected by any dose. We conclude that after infusion of physiological doses of cholecystokinin, the pancreatic secretion of glucagon is modified but not that of insulin, while secretin has no effect on the endocrine pancreatic secretion of either insulin or glucagon upon the same conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Exercise is positively related to adolescents' relationships and academics.

Eighty-nine high school seniors were administered a questionnaire that gathered information on their exercise habits (ranging from rarely to daily), relationships with parents and peers, depressive tendencies, sports involvement, drug use, and academic performance. Students with a high level of exercise had better relationships with their parents (including greater intimacy and more frequent touching), were less depressed, spent more time involved in sports, used drugs less frequently, and had higher grade point averages than did students with a low level of exercise.

Achievement↗
PubMed2001

Adolescent suicidal ideation.

Adolescent suicidal ideation and its relationship to other variables was tapped by a self-report questionnaire administered to 88 high school seniors. Eighteen percent responded positively to the statement "sometimes I feel suicidal." Those who reported suicidal ideation were found to differ from those who did not on a number of variables, including family relationships (quality of relationship with mother, intimacy with parents, and closeness to siblings), family history of depression (maternal depression), peer relations (quality of peer relationships, popularity, and number of friends), emotional well-being (happiness, anger, and depression), drug use (cigarettes, marijuana, and cocaine), and grade point average. Stepwise regression indicated that happiness explained 46% of the variance in suicidal ideation, and number of friends, anger, and marijuana use explained an additional 20%, for a total of 66% of the variance. While 34% of the variance remained unexplained, it is suggested that the questions used to measure these four variables be included in global screenings to identify adolescents at risk for suicidal ideation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Employment during adolescence is associated with depression, inferior relationships, lower grades, and smoking.

A self-report questionnaire was administered to high school seniors to collect data on the psychological, behavioral, and social aspects of their lives. It was found that employment was associated with (1) greater depression; (2) inferior relationships with parents and best friend, including less time and physical contact with parents; (3) lower grade point average; and (4) smoking.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Adolescent depression and risk factors.

Seventy-nine high school seniors were administered the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), as well as a questionnaire on parent relationships, peer relationships, positive and negative feelings including suicidal thoughts, and lifestyle variables including academic performance, exercise, and drug use. The group of adolescents who scored above the clinical cutoff for depression on the CES-D (n = 29) had poorer relations with parents. Further, the incidence of paternal depression in that group was greater. The depressed adolescents also had less optimal peer relationships, fewer friends, and were less popular. They experienced less happiness and more frequent suicidal thoughts. They spent less time doing homework, had a lower grade point average, and spent less time exercising. The depressed group also reported more use of marijuana and cocaine. A stepwise regression indicated that physical affection with parents, homework, well-being, exercise, happiness, and parent relations explained 55% of the variance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

CXCR4 and CCR5 expression by H9 T-cells is downregulated by a peptide-nucleic acid immunomodulator.

Product R (Reticulose(TM)) is a peptide-nucleic acid immunomodulator with broad-spectrum antiviral activity that was recently shown to increase expression of mRNAs encoding the proinflammatory cytokines, IFN-gamma, IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Since these cytokines induce expression of the chemokines, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, RANTES, and SDF-1, all of which inhibit viral infectivity, we were interested to determine if Product R also alters chemokine expression. In addition, the finding, that Product R decreases HIV-1 RNA and extracellular p24 antigen in H9 T-lymphoma cells, suggested to us that this drug may block viral infection by reducing the expression of chemokine receptors on target cells. We have therefore utilized H9 cells to test the effects of Product R on expression of mRNAs encoding the chemokine receptors, CD4, CXCR4 and CCR5, as well as their ligands, IL-16, SDF-1, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and RANTES, by RT-PCR. We also assayed the effect of Product R on surface receptor expression by flow cytometry, and on the chemotactic activity of these cells towards the CXCR4 ligand, SDF-1, and the CCR5 ligands, MIP-1alpha and RANTES. H9 cells were cultured for 3-21 days in medium containing 5% or 10% Product R, or 5% or 10% PBS. We found that, compared to control cultures, cells cultured in media containing Product R expressed lower amounts of CXCR4 and CCR5 mRNA and surface antigen at all time points. Culture for 3 days in media containing Product R also reduced the ability of cells to migrate towards 10-20 ng/ml SDF-1 and 100-250 ng/ml RANTES. In contrast, Product R had no effect on the expression of CD4 mRNA and receptor protein, or on expression of IL-16 mRNA. These findings suggest that Product R may have clinical efficacy in HIV-1-infected patients by downregulating viral coreceptors on target T-cells.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2000

Effect of exogenous insulin and glucagon on exocrine pancreatic secretion in rats in vivo.

BACKGROUND: The physiological roles of the islet hormones insulin and glucagon in the control of exocrine pancreatic secretion is not clear. It is still unknown whether these hormones have a stimulatory or an inhibitory effect on the basal exocrine pancreatic secretion. METHODS: Thirty anesthetized rats were stimulated with doses of insulin and glucagon administered by continuous intravenous infusion. Doses varying from physiological to supraphysiological were used. Different groups of 5 rats were given each of these doses. The volume of pancreatic juice and amylase, lipase and trypsin activity, as well as enzyme output, were measured 0, 20, 40, and 60 min after starting infusion. The insulin, glucagon, and glucose levels were determined in serum at 0, 10, 30, and 60 min. RESULTS: In the insulin group, the secreted volume of pancreatic juice increases with the maximum dose. All insulin doses results in amylase and lipase decreased activity. When submaximum and maximum insulin doses are administered, the trypsin activity also decreases. In the glucagon group, the activity of lipase and trypsin decreases regardless the dose, whereas the amylase activity decreases with submaximum and supramaximum doses. CONCLUSION: Both insulin and glucagon affect the basal exocrine pancreatic secretion in vivo when physiological doses are administered.

Amylases↗
PubMed2000

The relationship of Internet use to depression and social isolation among adolescents.

The present study investigated whether higher levels of Internet use are associated with depression and social isolation among adolescents. Eighty-nine high school seniors were administered a questionnaire that measured low (less than 1 hour per day), moderate (1-2 hours per day), and high (more than 2 hours per day) Internet use; relationships with mother, father, and peers; and depression. Low Internet users, as compared with high users, reported better relationships with their mothers and friends.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Angry adolescents who worry about becoming violent.

In the present study, 31 of 89 adolescents responded affirmatively to the following statement: "Sometimes I get so angry that I worry I will become violent." These adolescents (the anger group) were compared with the nonanger group, and several differences were found. The anger group (1) reported less intimacy with parents, received less support from them, and was less close to siblings; (2) had more opposite-sex friends, dated more frequently, and more frequently had a boyfriend or girlfriend; (3) had a lower grade point average; (4) were more depressed; and (5) used marijuana more frequently. Results of a regression analysis revealed that depression and dating were the only significant predictors of anger, explaining 17% of the variance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Moderate involvement in sports is related to lower depression levels among adolescents.

Sports involvement has been found to be related to social and psychological well-being in Icelandic adolescents. The present study investigated whether similar relationships exist for American adolescents. A group of 89 high school seniors completed a questionnaire that gathered data on sports involvement, depression, intimacy with parents and friends, and grade point average. It was found that the moderate sports involvement group (3 to 6 hours per week) had lower depression scores than did the low sports involvement group (2 hours or less per week). The findings are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Postural vision loss in giant cell arteritis.

Two patients with biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis experienced bilateral transient vision loss after bending over and after getting up from a supine position. One patient had no demonstrable signs of carotid, ophthalmic, or anterior ciliary vascular disease, suggesting that his episodes of transient vision loss were due to vertebrobasilar insufficiency. The other patient experienced bilateral postural vision loss in the context of impending bilateral anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Bilateral transient postural vision loss is an uncommon manifestation of giant cell arteritis that could reflect either severe bilateral vascular compromise of the anterior circulation or severe vertebrobasilar insufficiency. In either situation, prompt evaluation and treatment is indicated to prevent the irreversible sequelae of the disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Follow-up of patients resected for gastric cancer.

In this study we used a cost-outcome analysis to evaluate our follow-up protocol for patients who had been resected for gastric cancer. We designed a descriptive cross-sectional trial through consecutive sampling of patients who had undergone resection of gastric carcinoma and were followed in our outpatient department during 1991. Serological (CEA) and or imaging procedures were pathologic at least two months prior to the onset of symptoms in 33% of recurrences. No significant correlation was found between serum CEA levels and CEA tumor tissue staining in patients who recurred. Only 17% of patients who relapsed underwent further treatment (surgery and chemotherapy) with no improvement found in terms of survival. The overall cost per year has been estimated at US$ 6118. Our results show that serological levels of CEA and available imaging techniques for routine follow-up provide little advantage in diagnosing gastric cancer recurrence over clinical surveillance alone.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

[The "arrhythmic pattern": a new method with prognostic significance in myocardial infarct].

OBJECTIVES: To establish a score or arrhythmic pattern for the prediction of long-term cardiac deaths on patients who have survived to the first acute myocardial infarction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied prospectively 200 patients that survived at a first myocardial infarction and in whom ambulatory ECG monitoring during 24 hours between days 7th and 18th (mean 12th) from the infarction was performed. The mean follow-up time was 51 +/- 18 months. The number and type of ventricular arrhythmias were analyzed and a score was measured, accordingly with Castellanos and Lown's classifications. An "arrhythmic pattern" or "total punctuation" was defined and compared among two groups: group 1 > 65 points and group 2 < 65 points. RESULTS: The differential characteristics of both groups were: age (60 +/- 9 versus 56 +/- 10 years old; p = 0.004); hypertension (63% versus 29%; p < 0.001); clinic stage II-III (23% versus 11%; p = 0.02); echocardiographic ejection fraction (45 +/- 11% versus 50 +/- 10%; p = 0.04); positive exercise testing (73% versus 56%; p = 0.01); arrhythmias on the exercise test (15% versus 25%; p = 0.006). The long-term cardiac mortality was 25% versus 6% (p = 0.01), with an incidence of sudden death of 11% versus 3% (p < 0.05). Specificity, sensibility, positive predictive value and negative predictive value (reference cut point of 100) were 94, 65, 71 and 91%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a score of arrhythmic pattern may identify 2 groups of patients with different clinic profiles that probably justify a different long-term prognosis after a first acute myocardial infarction.

Cardiac Complexes, Premature↗
PubMed1993

Gastric carcinoma: study of the most eminent prognostic factors.

In order to analyse some prognostic factors in relation to gastric cancer, 218 patients were included in a prospective protocol at 'Hospital General de Elche' (Spain) with a follow-up of 100%. Survival curves were calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and compared using the log-rank test. The number of patients who underwent resection was 122 (63.5%). In 70 cases (36.5%) the resection was not possible. The postoperative mortality was 4.9%. In the survival of patients with gastric cancer we find the following prognostic factors are significant: age, tumour site, macroscopic type, depth of gastric wall affection, presence of lymph nodes, staging, resectability and surgical intention (curative vs palliative).

Adult↗