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Biomedical subjects

M Dohi

Publications and source records attributed to M Dohi.

48 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Enhancing effect of cetyl lactate on the percutaneous absorption of indomethacin in rats.

The enhancing effect of cetyl lactate (CL) on the percutaneous absorption of indomethacin (ID) from test solutions in propylene glycol (PG) was investigated by using the abdominal skin of rats in vivo. The percutaneous absorption rate of ID from 1 or 3% CL-PG test solution through the intact skin of rats was observed to be faster than that from the control solution (without CL). The bioavailability of ID was about 0.04% for the control solution, 2.2% for 1% CL-PG and 6.8% for 3% CL-PG test solutions. These results suggest that CL functions as an enhancer for the percutaneous absorption of ID. Furthermore, marked enhancing effects on percutaneous absorption of ID were obtained at a concentration greater than 1% CL in PG. In order to elucidate the mode of action of CL as an absorption enhancer, the percutaneous absorption of ID from the control solution and 3% CL-PG test solution through damaged skin from which the stratum corneum had been stripped was additionally investigated. It was confirmed that CL acts on the stratum corneum to produce its effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[A case of dermatomyositis which rapidly developed to respiratory failure in the presence of pneumomediastinum].

A 49-year-old woman was admitted in February 1987, with a six-month history of joint pain, maculopapular and erythematous rash, proximal muscle weakness and a two-month history of skin ulceration and dyspnea on exertion. Physical examination showed Gottron's papules on her fingers and a faint heliotrope rash. Biopsy of erythematous skin lesions on the shoulder and the back of the hand revealed perivascular inflammatory cell infiltration and tiny ulcerative lesions of the cutaneous tissue. Biopsy of the right quadriceps muscle showed type II fiber atrophy and slight perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate, whereas serum CPK level was within normal range. Chest X-ray film showed granular infiltrates in both lower lung fields. Based on the current findings the case was diagnosed as dermatomyositis associated with interstitial pneumonia. The administration of prednisolone, 30 mg/day resulted in the improvement of the skin lesions and muscle weakness, while the intensity of lung infiltrates was little affected. Three months after steroid therapy, the patient was readmitted because of increasing dyspnea on exertion and multiple skin ulcers. Chest X-ray revealed a small amount of gas in the mediastinum, in addition to slight deterioration of interstitial lung disease. In spite of various treatments for pneumomediastinum, including bed rest, administration of analgesics and oxygen inhalation, it developed rapidly, complicated severe subcutaneous emphysema and right-sided pneumothorax. Although high-dose prednisolone therapy and mediastinal drainage were performed, the pneumomediastinum was not resolved and she died from respiratory failure. At autopsy, predominant histological features of the lungs were acute interstitial pneumonia with hyaline membrane and edematous granulation formation in the alveoli.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Dermatomyositis↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of total IgE and anti-mite IgE antibody levels in the sera of patients with atopic dermatitis and/or atopic bronchial asthma.

In the present study characterization of serological features of AD and/or BA patients were attempted. Nearly all of the patients (23 out of 24) with AD with or without episodes of BA had total IgE levels higher than 1,000 IU/ml. Conversely, 14 out of the 15 BA patients showed total IgE levels less than 1,000IU/ml.9 out of the 14 AD patients with BA(AD + BA) had histories of childhood asthma but required no current treatment for BA. The rest of the AD + BA patients required medication for BA but they were easily controllable with conventional bronchodilators such as beta 2 stimulators and/or xanthine derivatives. It was shown that AD patients (n = 6) with extremely high titers of anti-mite IgE antibodies (more than 110 PRU/ml up to 820 PRU/ml) remained free from BA episodes in the presence of hyper IgE immunoglobulinemia (1,818 IU/ml to 47,300 IU/ml). The results indicated that hyper IgE immunoglobulinemia in atopic patients might prevent the development of severe BA, but on the other hand, increase the possibility of developing AD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical assessment of pulmonary hypertension in collagen diseases].

The occurrence of pulmonary hypertension (PH) has been reported in association with collagen diseases. Because of its grave consequences it is of greatest importance to make an early diagnosis of PH and initiate adequate treatment. For this purpose we have carried out right heart catheterization study to determine pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), and cardiac index in thirty-four consecutive patients with collagen diseases including cases of mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). We also compared the hemodynamic data with clinical pictures and the results of non-invasive cardiopulmonary tests which were done before catheterization study. Pulmonary hypertension as defined by the mean PAP of greater than 20 mmHg was observed in 11 of the 34 cases. PH was observed in five of 6 cases with MCTD and six of 17 cases with PSS including 2 cases with overlapping SLE and PM. The frequencies of positive anti-nRNP antibody, serositis, Raynaud's phenomenon and muscle involvement were significantly higher in cases with PH than in cases without PH. Catheterization study was most useful for diagnosis of cases with mean PAP of less than 25 mmHg, whereas echocardiographic study identified all cases with mean PAP of greater than 25 mmHg. No significant correlation was observed between mean PAP and vital capacity, total lung capacity or diffusion capacity measured as the percent of predicted normal values, which suggests that vascular abnormalities play a more significant role in the pathogenesis of PH than pulmonary fibrosis in collagen diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

In vitro synthesis of ornithine transcarbamylase.

An in vitro system for the synthesis of ornithine transcarbamylase (OTCase) was established using iS-30 extract from E. coli MDS6-2(lambda) and DNA of a lambda transducing phage carrying argI and argF genes. This in vitro synthesis was completely dependent on the additon of DNA, and was sensitive to chloramphenicol and rifampicin. Radioisotopic analysis confirmed that the synthesized enzyme catalyzes the carbamylation of ornithine to citrulline. In the in vitro system the repression and derepression of OTCase synthesis could be observed by mixing iS-30 extracts prepared from argR+ and argR- cells. A remarkable maturation effect could be observed for the FFF enzyme, but not for the III enzyme. This system is considered to reflect the in vivo situation, and should therefore be useful for investigations on the regulation of OTCase synthesis in vivo.

Chloramphenicol↗
PubMed1978

Some regulation profiles of ornithine transcarbamylase synthesis in vitro.

The regulation profiles of OTCase (argF, argI) synthesis in vitro were investigated by using the in vitro system described in the accompanying paper. Addition of 2.6 mM arginine, crude repressor and partially purified repressor to the in vitro system demonstrated that lambdadargF-DNA-directed OTCase-FFF synthesis is more sensitive to the repressor than lambdapargI-DNA-directed OTCase-III synthesis. The effects of some low-molecular substances on FFF and III syntheses were investigated; guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5'-diphosphate (ppGpp) stimulated both syntheses while cAMP and guanosine 5'-tetraphosphate (Gpppp) were not effective on III synthesis and were slightly inhibitory for FFF synthesis. The substances had no effect on the maturation of the enzyme or on the activity of the enzyme, FFF or III, synthesized. We suggest that argF- and argI-genes are regulated in a slightly different fashion and that the operator-promotor regions are not completely identical for these two genes.

Cyclic AMP↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CT-guided percutaneous laser disk decompression (PLDD) for cervical disk hernia.

OBJECTIVE: Percutaneous laser disk decompression (PLDD) is an effective treatment for bulging or protruding disk. The aim of this study was to present a method of PLDD for cervical disk hernia under CT guidance and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven patients with radiculalgia caused by cervical disk hernia were treated overnight by PLDD. A laser fiber was inserted through an 18 G needle into the target disk under CT guidance. A Nd-Yag laser (1,064 nm) was used for ablation. A CT scan was obtained every 60 joule (J) at the slice of the target disk to visualize the vaporized area during the procedure. The Japan Orthopedic Association (JOA) score of cervical radiculopathy (full score 15) and MacNab criteria were used for assessment of treatment response. RESULTS: Puncture of the needle to the target disk was safely performed under CT guidance. The total dosage of laser ablation ranged from 120 to 500 J (average, 266 J). The overall success rate according to MacNab criteria was good in all cases. No complications were observed in our series. CONCLUSION: The CT-guided technique provides safe, accurate PLDD for cervical disk hernia. PLDD for cervical disk hernia shows promise in the management of radiculalgia.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Initial experience of percutaneous renal cryosurgery under the guidance of a horizontal open MRI system.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to obtain preliminary results of cryoablation of renal tumors by using a percutaneous approach guided by a horizontal open MRI system, and to assess the safety and efficacy of this procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four patients with renal tumors underwent percutaneous cryosurgery with local anesthesia using a horizontal open MRI system (AIRIS II, Hitachi Medical Corp., Tokyo, Japan). The size of the mass was radiographically documented as 4 cm or less in diameter. A 2- or 3-mm cryoprobe was advanced into the renal mass under real-time MR monitoring. Growth of the iceball during cryoablation was monitored by two-dimensional MR images. Follow-up dynamic CT and physical examination were done after two weeks and six weeks. RESULT: MR imaging demonstrated the iceballs as sharply marginated regions of signal loss that expanded and engulfed the renal mass with clear contrast between the iceball and surrounding tissue. Cryoablated tumors resolved, and there were no serious complications and no clinically significant changes during the procedures and follow-up study. CONCLUSION: In this limited clinical trial of percutaneous renal tumor surgery, cryoablation demonstrated its feasibility with minimal morbidity. Intraprocedual MR-guided cryosurgery can be used as a safe modality, although further studies are necessary to determine the long-term efficacy of this procedure.

Aged↗