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Biomedical subjects

M Dorner

Publications and source records attributed to M Dorner.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Effect of middle-term gliclazide treatment on insulin secretion in non-insulin dependent diabetics.

Insulin secretion was studied in 12 non-insulin dependent diabetics during middle-term administration of the sulphonylurea gliclazide. Blood sugar, C-peptide and glucagon were also estimated during the intravenous glucose tolerance and arginine tests performed before and after therapy. After 3 months of gliclazide therapy (240 mg/day) in addition to a low carbohydrate diet, the intravenous glucose tolerance test showed a significant reduction in blood sugar levels and in the partial and total areas under the blood sugar curve, as well as an improvement in early insulin secretion, characterized by a significant increase in plasma C-peptide at 4, 10 and 20 minutes. Plasma glucagon levels were not affected by the sulphonylurea therapy. In the arginine test, blood sugar levels were lower at the end of the treatment period; plasma insulin, C-peptide and glucagon did not change significantly. In this study, plasma C-peptide has proved to be a better indicator of stimulated insulin secretion than plasma insulin levels. The scarcity of hypoglycaemic episodes during therapy with gliclazide may be related to the selective stimulation of early insulin secretion by this drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[C-peptide].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

C-Peptide↗
PubMed1984

[Evaluation of the biliary passage of beta-lactam antibiotics].

The present study is devoted to the biliary excretion of some beta-lactam antibiotics (6 derived from the penicillin group: Penicillin G, Ampicillin, Metampicillin, Carbenicillin, Mezlocillin, Apalcillin and 9 from the cephalosporin group: Cephalothin, Cephaloridine, Cephacetrile, Cefalexin, Cefazolin, Cefamandole, Cefuroxime, Cefaclor and Ceftizoxime). The biliary excretion of these antibiotics was assessed by 4 different procedures: 1) experimental study of their biliary elimination by a perfused isolated rabbit liver; 2) in humans, by evaluation of their passage: a) in aspirated duodenal fluid, b) in bile collected by external biliary drainage, c) and in bile obtained by puncture of the main bile duct and the gall bladder during surgery. The results of these different investigations were concordant and showed that the biliary excretion of Metampicillin, Apalcillin and Mezlocillin was definitely higher than that of the other studied beta-lactams; on account of their suitable antibacterial spectrum, these 3 derivatives should be used in preference for the treatment of biliary infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Prolonged treatment of sugar diabetes by subcutaneous insulin infusion using a peristaltic pump and an insulin solution concentrated to 100 Iu/ml].

The authors have treated 6 diabetic patients for at least 3 months with subcutaneous insulin infusion system using a peristaltic pump and a highly stable preparation (U 100 with physiological pH). Correct diabetic control was achieved in each case, during a cumulative period of 44 patients-months. The high stability of the insulin preparation allows a prolonged insulin storage in the pump, from 2 to 3 months without any change in the hypoglycaemic effect of the solution. Advantages and risks of this method are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Acquired remissions of insulin dependence in recent diabetes mellitus. Essential prognostic factors].

24 patients with recent diabetes mellitus (less than three years) were given an intravenous insulin infusion over a short period (84 to 252 hours) in an attempt to achieve a remission of their disease through rigorous normalization of blood glucose concentrations. After this treatment, strict control of diabetes mellitus was achieved with oral mediactions in 15 of the 24 patients. In 17 cases, onset of diabetes mellitus had been sudden and insulin was required immediately (acute cetosic diabetes: ACD); in 7 patients, signs of insulin deficiency had occurred only after seven months of hyperglycemia (secondary insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: SIDDM). A strong probability of achieving an insulin-induced remission exists only during the first six months of ACD. The success of the insulin infusion is partly dependent upon the residual beta cell function. During the remission, which lasts for more than 12 months in 50% of cases, control of diabetes mellitus is optimal.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed1983

[Hemoglobin A1c and its variations in pregnancy].

Variations in haemoglobin A1c were studied at different stages of pregnancy in 306 non-diabetic women, using a specific method. It was found that HbA1c levels progressively decreased during the first 25 weeks of pregnancy, then remained stable. No correlation was noted between carbohydrate metabolis and Hb A1c levels. The new assay provides additional information on glucose tolerance in pregnant women and could be used to detect gestational diabetes.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical value of nephelometric assay of C-reactive protein].

Laser immunonephelometry is a sensitive, specific and rapid method for assaying plasma C-reactive protein (CRP). This "acute phase" protein has recently been shown to be of significance in the regulation of immunological responses. It is released from hepatocytes early during infection, inflammation or necrosis. Nephelometry provides a good means for detection, monitoring and evaluation of therapeutic efficiency in these conditions. The increase in CRP may precede the positivity of the usual biological tests and is of value in situations where these tests cannot be interpreted.

C-Reactive Protein↗
PubMed1983

Biosynthetic human insulin: pharmacokinetics and effects in healthy human volunteers.

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenously injected biosynthetic human insulin (0.06 U/kg) and purified pork insulin, both regular, were compared intraindividually in ten presumably healthy volunteers. Some of the pharmacokinetic parameters, e.g., the area under the insulinemia curve, the total plasma clearance, and insulin bioavailability, were similar, whereas insulin biologic half-life appeared to be longer and the apparent volume of insulin distribution larger with BHI. No appreciable difference between the two insulins was observed as far as their hypoglycemic effect and secretory inhibition of endogenous insulin (expressed as C-peptidemia) were concerned, but reactive hyperglucagonemia was found to be less with BHI than with PPI. These findings are discussed in the light of our current knowledge of BHI.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Maternal glucose tolerance along pregnancy (author's transl)].

The development of the foetal and placental unit induces large changes in maternal glucose tolerance along pregnancy. Oestrogen-induced hyperinsulinism is responsible for facilitated anabolism which take place during the first part of pregnancy. Accelerated catabolism occurring during the second part is due to the direct action of placental hormones, mainly of human placental lactogen. The latter is responsible for diminution of peripheral insulin activity. Hyperinsulinism, which is very important at this stage, facilitates an intense and rapid anabolism, mainly in the liver from where nutriments can be easily removed. Glucose and amino-acid uptake by placental and foetus are greatly increased by all these changes.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1982

[Pharmacokinetics of intramuscular mezlocillin in patients with normal and impaired renal function (author's transl)].

Pharmacokinetic values of mezlocillin were determined after a single intramuscular injection of 1 g to 10 subject with normal renal function, 10 patients with stable renal insufficiency and 5 patients with chronic renal failure under long-term haemodialysis. The values obtained in normal subjects were : biological half-life Tb 1/2 0.9 hour; elimination constant Ke 0.790 (h-1); total clearance Ct 449 ml/min/1.73 m2; renal clearance Cr 263 ml/min/1.73 m2. Twelve hours after the injection 72.2 % of the dose administered were recovered in the urine. Theoretical values after repeated injection were calculated from the values obtained in subjects with normal renal function. The loading doses providing steady state serum concentrations were determined for various dosage intervals (2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 hours). In patients with renal insufficiency or treated with haemodialysis, serum levels decreased more slowly. The theoretical Tb 1/2 for zero creatinine clearance was 4.7 hours. Sixty-two percent of the amount of mezlocillin present in the central compartment at the onset of haemodialysis were removed after a 6-hour dialysis session. In all 25 subjects investigated, a significant correlation was found between Ke and Ccr (Ke = 0.1973 + 0.0046 Ccr). This correlation was used to calculate the loading and maintenance doses (and sometimes also the intervals between injections) adjusted to renal function values. Dosage guidelines in relation to the renal function were established from these data.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

[Comparative biliary excretion of mezlocillin and 12 other beta-lactam antibiotics (author's transl)].

The biliary excretion of mezlocillin was studied on an experimental in vitro model (perfused rabbit liver) and by various methods in man. After addition of 10 mg mezlocillin to blood perfusing isolated rabbit lever preparations (n = 5) during 3 hours, a mean biliary peak of 758 +/- 129 micrograms/ml was recorded between 30 and 60 minutes. The 0-3 h cumulative biliary excretion was 20.3 % of the dose administered. Following a 30 min intravenous infusion of 5 g mezlocillin to 5 healthy subjects, the mean maximal antibiotic activity in the duodenal aspiration fluid was 626.0 +/- 115.0 microgram/ml during the first hour. In 10 cholecystectomized patients with T-tube drainage who received 1 g mezlocillin intramuscularly, a mean biliary peak of 296 +/- 58 micrograms/ml was recorded. The 0-12 h cumulative biliary excretion of the antibiotic was 2.6 % of the dose injected. After intravenous infusion of 5 g mezlocillin, the corresponding values were 505 +/- 118 micrograms/ml and 1.3 % respectively. One hour after rapid intravenous injection of 2 g mezlocillin, the antibiotic activities in samples of serum, common bile duct bile and gallbladder bile collected during cholecystectomy were 28.9 +/- 5.3, 895 +/- 196.1 and 402 +/- 133.2 micrograms/ml respectively. These results were compared with those obtained in similar conditions with 12 other beta-lactam antibiotics.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Infertility and carbohydrate metabolism. A study of 93 cases (author's transl)].

An oral glucose tolerance test was performed in 93 women with unexplained infertility (sterility or repeated abortions). An abnormal carbohydrate metabolism was found in 1/3 of the cases (32 patients). Advice on diet control, provided to all of these patients, was followed only by 13.9 of these, who conceived less than 6 months after initiation of the low carbohydrate diet, achieved full-term pregnancy. These results suggest a relationship between infertility and glucose intolerance. A glucose tolerance test should be performed in all women presenting unexplained infertility.

Abortion, Habitual↗