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M Dosso

Publications and source records attributed to M Dosso.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Two-year surveillance of antibiotic resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae in four African cities.

Worldwide spread of antibiotic resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major problem. However, data from West and North African countries are scarce. To study the level of resistance and compare the situations in different cities, a prospective study was conducted in Abidjan (Ivory Coast), Casablanca (Morocco), Dakar (Senegal), and Tunis (Tunisia), from 1996 to 1997. The resistances to eight antibiotics of 375 isolates were studied by E test, and the results were interpreted using the breakpoints recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Overall, 30.4% of the isolates were nonsusceptible to penicillin G (25.6% were intermediate and 4.8% were resistant). Amoxicillin (96.3% were susceptible) and parenteral third-generation cephalosporins (92.7%) were highly active. Resistance to chloramphenicol was detected in 8.6% of the isolates. High levels of resistance were noted for erythromycin (28%), tetracycline (38.3%), and cotrimoxazole (36.4%). Resistance to rifampin was rare (2.1%). There were significant differences in resistance rates between individual countries. Multiple resistance was more frequent in penicillin-nonsusceptible isolates than in penicillin-susceptible isolates. Recommendations for treatment could be generated from these results in each participating country.

Africa↗
PubMed2001

[Value and limits of microscopy of exudates in Mycobacterium ulcerans cutaneous infection in Côte d'Ivoire].

The objective of this study was to estimate the interest and the limits of skin exudate microscopy for patients with chronic ulceration with clinically suspected Buruli's ulcer and living in an endemic area in Côte d'Ivoire. Two stained smears, one with Ziehl-Neelsen and the other Dugomier staining, were produced from 140 samples obtained after a swab of skin lesions. The positive smear rate for the acid fast bacilli (AFB) was respectively 16.4% and 12.9% for Dugomier and Ziehl-Neelsen staining. The ulceration with less than one year of evolution have high AFB rates of 15.8% for Ziehl-Neelsen staining and 21.1% for Dugomier's. Microscopic examination of skin exudate in face of ulceration, clinically suspected to be a Buruli's ulcer is not the best tool for biological diagnosis, due to poor technical sensibility. Nevertheless, it remains a good first means of investigation in an endemoepidemic area.

Cote d'Ivoire↗
PubMed2001

[Cell culture for active Chlamydia trachomatis infection in a population of symptomatic women in Abidjan].

The object of our study has been to assess Chlamydia trachomatis prevalence among symptomatic women in Abidjan and to identify issues related to the use of cell culture methods in a tropical laboratory. 1522 women with vaginal discharge were enrolled in a cross sectional study. One endocervical swab was taken per woman and inoculated into cycloheximide treated Mac Coy cells. Elementary bodies were detected by direct fluorescent antibody (DFA). The isolate rate of Chlamydia trachomatis by cell culture was estimated to 86%. The prevalence of chlamydial infection among symptomatic women was 10.8%. Culture was influenced by presence of blood or cervical mucus in the sample. 206 samples gave no results because of blood or cervical mucus. During this study repeated contaminations of cells with facultative bacteria were noted and disposing of a sufficient number of cells was not easy.

Blood↗
PubMed2000

Genital mycoplasmas among pregnant women in Cóte d'Ivoire, West Africa: prevalence and risk factors.

A cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women in Côte d'Ivoire to assess the prevalence and the factors associated with mycoplasma colonization. A positive culture was found in 400 of 551 women (73%); Ureaplasma urealyticum was identified in 22%, Mycoplasma hominis in 20% and both microorganisms in 31%. Mycoplasma colonization was not associated with genital symptoms or signs. Young age, low educational level, antimicrobial chemotherapy before consultation and presence of bacterial vaginosis were factors independently associated with M. hominis colonization. Among women colonized with M. hominis, HIV seroprevalence was 21% in women with high amounts of M. hominis (> or = 10(4) colour-changing units per ml) versus 7% in women with lower amounts (P=0.01). U. urealyticum was found more often in unmarried women and when pregnancy was less than 20 weeks. Mycoplasma colonization is frequent among pregnant women in Abidjan, but their pathogenicity requires further study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Isolation of enteric pathogeic agents in Côte d'Ivoire: Escherichia coli O157:H7 and enteroaggregative E. coli].

New pathogens including Escherichia coli O157:H7 have emerged and spread world-wide as the most important cause of foodborne infections. We established a prospective study in Abidjan from 1996 to 1999 to determine the prevalence of Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC) in our environment. Two O157 strains were found. One (EA47) O157:H7 was isolated from chicken and the other (EH144) O157:HNM from human diarrhoeal stool specimens. Both O157 strains carried stx2, eae, and UidA genes, but not e-hly one. Four other pathogenic E. coli were isolated, including three enteroaggregative E. coli (EAggEC) and one isolate which expresses a cytolethal distending toxin gene (cdtB). This is the first report of Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC) in Côte d'Ivoire. Given its low prevalence (0.8%), E. Coli does not appear to be a public health problem in Côte d'Ivoire.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Vaginal douching: association with lower genital tract infections in African pregnant women.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Douching, a common practice, could further increase the risk of genital infections. GOAL OF THIS STUDY: To describe douching practices in pregnant women and to evaluate associations with lower genital tract infections. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. RESULTS: Among 552 women included, douching before consultation was reported by 97% and was common practice for 98%. Intravaginal drying agents were used by 10%. Genital warts were less frequent for women who usually douched (p = 0.015). U. urealyticum infection was associated with douching and with the use of intravaginal agents. Diagnosis of genital infections was independent of douching with water or soap, but chlamydial infection was associated with douching with antiseptics, used by 14% of the women (p = 0.036). HIV infection was two times more frequent in women using antiseptics (p = 0.17). CONCLUSION: The study confirms the widespread practice of douching in African pregnant women. The harmful effects of antiseptics need to be substantiated.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Safety and acceptability of vaginal disinfection with benzalkonium chloride in HIV infected pregnant women in west Africa: ANRS 049b phase II randomized, double blinded placebo controlled trial. DITRAME Study Group.

OBJECTIVES: To study the tolerance and acceptability in Africa of a perinatal intervention to prevent vertical HIV transmission using benzalkonium chloride disinfection. DESIGN: A randomized, double blinded phase II trial. SETTING: Prenatal care units in Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire) and Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso). PATIENTS: Women accepting testing and counselling who were seropositive for HIV-1 and under 37 weeks of pregnancy were eligible. A total of 108 women (54 in each group) enrolled from November 1996 to April 1997, with their informed consent. INTERVENTION: Women self administered daily a vaginal suppository of 1% benzalkonium chloride or matched placebo from 36 weeks of pregnancy, and a single intrapartum dose. The neonate was bathed with 1% benzalkonium chloride solution or placebo within 30 minutes after birth. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adverse events were recorded weekly, with a questionnaire and speculum examination in women through delivery, and examination of the neonate through day 30. The incidence of genital signs and symptoms in the women and cutaneous or ophthalmological events in newborns were compared between groups on an intent to treat basis. RESULTS: The median duration of prepartum treatment was 21 days (range 0-87 days). Compliance was 87% for prepartum and 69% for intrapartum treatment, and 88% for the neonatal bath, without differences between the two groups. In women, the most frequent event was leucorrhoea; the incidence of adverse events did not differ between treatment groups. In children, the incidence of dermatitis and conjunctivitis did not differ between the benzalkonium chloride and placebo groups (p = 0.16 and p = 0.29, respectively). CONCLUSION: Vaginal disinfection with benzalkonium chloride is a feasible and well tolerated intervention in west Africa. Its efficacy in preventing vertical HIV transmission remains to be demonstrated.

Administration, Intravaginal↗
PubMed1999

[Prevalence of Herpes simplex virus infection in pregnant women in Yopougon (Côte d'Ivoire)].

A transversal survey on 150 pregnant women was carried out at the P.M.I. center in Yopougon, in order to determine the prevalence of genital herpes and to estimate the frequency of asymptomatic excreting of Herpes simplex virus (HSV) in pregnant women. The viral isolation and the direct immuno-fluorescence (IF) assay of the genital secretions were found to have a prevalence of 12.7% Among the women who tested positive (the majority of whom were from modest socio-economic origin and young), 10% had antecedents of genital herpes, 2.7% showed an asymptomatic excretion and 36.8% had an acute episode during their pregnancy including a primary infection in the 20th week. In these women an unexpected recurrence will constitute the major risk for maternal transmission and an emergence of neonatal herpes.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Primary resistance to antituberculosis drugs: a national survey conducted in Côte d'Ivoire in 1995-1996. Ivoirian Study Group on Tuberculosis Resistance.

SETTING: A national survey of resistance to the antituberculosis drugs used in Côte d'Ivoire was conducted in 1995-1996. OBJECTIVE: To determine the rate of primary resistance to antituberculosis drugs. METHODS: Consecutive new tuberculous patients with positive smear were recruited from tuberculosis centres and rural health centres. Drug susceptibility testing was performed according to the proportion method. Positive cultures were tested against streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol. All resistant strains and 10% of all randomly sampled cultures were sent to an external laboratory for quality control. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) tests were performed for consenting patients at the tuberculosis centres. RESULTS: Among the 430 samples, 320 were available for analysis. Primary resistance to antituberculosis drugs was observed for 13.4% of the patients (43/320); multidrug resistance (to at least isoniazid and rifampicin) was observed for 5.3% of the patients; 14.2% of HIV-negative and 16.2% of HIV-positive patients were resistant to at least one antituberculosis drug (P = 0.70). CONCLUSION: This study is representative of antituberculosis drug resistance in Côte d'Ivoire. The rate of primary resistance is high and emphasises the need for a sentinel survey of tuberculous resistance. The National Tuberculosis Control Programme needs to make improvements in its management of tuberculosis cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[The role of bacterial diarrhea in developing countries].

Bacterial diarrheas in developing countries remain a major public health problem. Cholera is endemo-endemic since 1970. Clusters of Shigella infections are commonly observed during the rainy season. Other enteropathogen cause nosocomial infections and foodborne diseases. The HIV epidemic determined the emergence of a new trend of enteric diseases caused by opportunistic bacteria such as Salmonella Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium. The risk factors associated with these infections remains almost unknown. Treatment failure is related to an incre of high level resistance strains.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1998

[Prevalence of nocardiosis in an area of endemic tuberculosis].

This is a prospective study recruiting 120 patients successively who were admitted to the chest department in hospital for respiratory infections irrespective of their aetiology. The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of nocardiosis in respiratory pathology in the era of AIDS and in an area where tuberculosis is endemic. The HIV serology was carried out on all 120 patients. A systemic search was made for nocardiosis and Koch's bacillus in the sputum and also in the broncho-alveolar lavage liquid obtained by endoscopy. The HIV serology was positive in 74 patients (61.7%). Pulmonary nocardiosis was diagnosed in five patients (4.2%), of whom four patients were HIV positive (80%). Tuberculosis was diagnosed in 58 cases (48.3%) of whom 40 were HIV positive (70%). The association of nocardiosis and tuberculosis was present in only one patient. The radioclinical aspect of nocardiosis in our service was suggestive of tuberculosis. The prevalence of nocardiosis in our series at 4.2% is in agreement with that obtained in autopsy studies in the Ivory Coast. The similarity of the radioclinical appearance between tuberculosis and nocardiosis demands that a search is made for the latter on all HIV positive patients and in negative cases a search for Koch's bacillus and empirical antibiotic therapy ought to have a spectrum of activity that would include nocardia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Spectrum of disease among HIV-infected adults hospitalised in a respiratory medicine unit in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

SETTING: Respiratory medicine wards of the University Teaching Hospital, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. OBJECTIVES: To describe the spectrum of opportunistic infection among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected adults hospitalised in the respiratory medicine unit in Abidjan, and the level of immunosuppression at which these diseases occur. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. RESULTS: Overall, 75% of patients were HIV-positive: among these patients, the most frequent diagnosis was tuberculosis, in 61%, followed by bacterial pneumonia (15%), Gram-negative septicaemia (particularly non-typhoid Salmonella) (9%) and empyema (5%). Atypical pneumonias appeared to be rare. Most HIV-positive patients had CD4 counts indicative of advanced immunosuppression: 36% had CD4 counts below 100 x 10(6)/l, 19% between 100 and 199 x 10(6)/l, 29% between 200 and 499 x 10(6)/l, and 16% above 500 x 10(6)/l. Overall in-hospital mortality was 27% for HIV-positive patients and 22% for HIV-negative patients (P = 0.5). In a multivariate analysis, the strongest independent risk factors for death were cachexia (odds ratio [OR] 7.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.1-26.3), male sex (OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.2-17.4) and age over 40 (OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.0-17.2). CONCLUSIONS: Tuberculosis and bacterial infections are the major causes of respiratory morbidity in immunosuppressed HIV-infected adults in this population. Efforts to improve the management of HIV-related disease need to focus on prevention and treatment of these infections.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1995

[Post-vaccination anti-poliomyelitis seroprevalence in an urban setting in Abidjan].

In order to determine the antipoliomyelitis seroprevalence of children in Abidjan, we checked the presence of antipoliovirus antibodies in 48 children received in the South Abobo's vaccination center for vaccination against measles. According to the vaccination schedule and rules applied in Côte d'Ivoire: 12.5% of the children have received less than three doses or oral polio vaccine (OPV), 87.5% have received the three doses. Antibody titration results indicated that 78.6, 93 and 76.2% of the children have been immunized against Poliovirus type I, type II and type III, respectively; 71.4% of the children showed antibodies against the three poliovirus serotypes and 4.8% had no antipoliovirus antibodies at all. The children which showed an antibodies titer less than 1/8 were considered unprotected: the proportion of unprotected was 21.4, 7 and 23.8% against Poliovirus type I, type II and type III, respectively. Although these results showed that the level of protection against poliomyelitis in Abidjan is acceptable (> 75%), the efforts for vaccination program in Côte d'Ivoire need to be improved in order to eradicate poliomyelitis.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1994

[The contribution of latex tests for the diagnosis of bacterial infections in Abidjan].

From 313 samples of CSF, urine, sera and pleural liquid, the authors show how appreciable is the contribution in research of soluble antigens by sensibilized latex particles agglutination method in etiologic diagnosis, especially during meningitis, pulmonary and neonatal infections. Soluble antigens were declared positives in 62.26% of cases against S. pneumoniae, 25.4% of cases against H. influenzae, 6.66% of cases against S. agalactiae, 5.71% of cases against N. meningitidis C, with variable percentages from one biological liquid to another. Compared to classical bacteriologic techniques, this method allows the diagnosis of an infection even when decapitated, and could be used in emergency diagnosis.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1993

[Seroprevalence of rubella in 461 pregnant women in Abidjan (Cote d'Ivoire)].

The authors report the results of a seroepidemiological study of rubella in pregnancy. Rubella antibodies were present in 82% of the pregnant women and 18% were seronegative. Most of seronegative women were less than twenty years old, nulliparous, on first period of gestation and in low socioeconomical conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in genital samples from Abidjan].

A study of direct genital swabs achieved in Abidjan, on 116 men and 131 women consulting for urogenital complaints, has revealed that the men show a prevalence of 28.4% Chlamydia trachomatis, and of 18.1% Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Concerning the women the prevalence of the same germs are 13.7% for Chlamydia trachomatis, and 4.6% for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. These results show the importance of Chlamydia trachomatis as a sexually transmitted disease in Abidjan (Côte-d'Ivoire). No differences were observed according to age in the two groups.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMed1991

[Is cytobacteriological examination of sputum necessary for the diagnosis of bronchopulmonary superinfections in Abidjan?].

About 276 sputums analysed from 1984 to 1989, 61% of them have been positive. Beside the usual germs of the oropharynged flora, 115 bacteria susceptible of being pathogenic have been isolated. The kinds which are frequently found are Klebsiella = 31 (27%), Escherichia coli = 20 (17%), Enterobacter = 19 (17%), Staphylococcus aureus = 17 (15%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa = 12 (10%).

Bacterial Infections↗