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Biomedical subjects

M Doyle

Publications and source records attributed to M Doyle.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Community organizing lessons for health care consumers.

This article analyzes the efforts of health care consumers to organize independently of, but with reference to, the Health Systems Agency in east central Illinois. Beginning with a tactical investigation which disclosed a lack of effective public participation, consumers formed an organization which conducted a series of community forums to provide information and generate publicity about local health care issues, sponsored training workshops for consumer leaders and HSA board members, worked to delay the final designation of the agency, and organized to take control of the local HSA board. They recruited a large number of new HSA members, enlisted provider and consumer candidates to run for the board, conducted a vigorous election campaign, and finally claimed a majority of seats. Among the conclusions drawn are that health care planning cannot be considered apart from a context of politics, and that community organization is important for consumers wishing to exercise power.

Community Participation↗
PubMed1978

Making board meetings work: the Doyle/Straus interaction method.

The Doyle/Straus Interaction Method is just now beginning to be used at corporate board meetings on the West Coast. The methodology, based on ten years of experimentation with problem-solving and decisionmaking groups of all kinds, seems to hold a host of benefits not only for meetings at board level but for committee meetings of all kinds. Their step-by-step analysis of the problems that are caused by people and space promises much for the corporations that want to move the directorate into the 20th Century or even the 21st!

Decision Making↗
PubMed1975

Skin porphyrin and photosensitivity in the porphyric rat.

Skin porphyrin assays and photobiological studies in normal and porphyric rats suggest that in the latter, skin photosensitivity to 400 nm radiation is associated with raised uroporphyrin and 7-carboxylic porphyrin in the skin.

Animals↗
PubMed1973

Prophylaxis and immunization in mice by use of virus-free defective T particles to protect against intracerebral infection by vesicular stomatitis virus.

Defective interfering T particles of vesicular stomatitis virus provide remarkable protection against viral disease and death when introduced intracerebrally in large numbers along with an otherwise rapidly fatal low dose of standard infectious virus. This profound prophylactic effect of defective T particles is due to homologous autointerference since it is serotype-specific and interferon is not induced. This protective effect can be demonstrated only with preparations of T particles that have been purified completely free of infectious virions. When pure T particles are injected intracerebrally along with large doses of infectious virus, they convert an otherwise rapidly fatal disease process to a slowly progressing virus infection that generally terminates in death after many days of wasting disease and paralysis. Intracerebral injection of virus-free T particles alone is apparently innocuous to mice and stimulates immunity to massive doses of homologous infectious virus. In vitro, virus-free T particles at extremely high multiplicities depress cellular RNA and protein synthesis and kill BHK21 cells in culture, but do not exhibit such effects at moderately high multiplicities.

Animals↗
PubMed1973

Attempts to detect homologous autointerference in vivo with influenza virus and vesicular stomatitis virus.

Von Magnus particles of influenza virus and defective interfering T particles of vesicular stomatitis virus were unable to provide significant protection of mice from disease or death when inoculated intranasally or intracerebrally along with moderate or high doses of homologous infectious challenge virus. However, yields of infectious virus from the affected organs were reduced as compared to controls inoculated with infectious virus alone. Serial intracerebral passage of vesicular stomatitis virus in mouse brain at high doses failed to produce T particles detectable by in vitro autointerference assays on BHK(21) cells, whether or not T particles were introduced along with B virions at the first passage. When very low challenge doses of infectious B virions were inoculated intracerebrally along with high doses of homologous defective particles, there was significant prolongation of life, although most mice died eventually of slowly progressing disease. Also, the virus yields in the brains of these mice were significantly reduced, and virus was no longer detectable in the brains of "protected" mice surviving for 10 days or more. Our results suggest that although homologous autointerference does occur in vivo, it is a more complex phenomenon than in vitro cell culture experiments might indicate.

Animals↗
PubMed1972

Virus-induced interference in heterologously infected HeLa cells.

In doubly infected HeLa cells, poliovirus type 1 rapidly and completely dominates vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) plaque-forming unit production. Poliovirus type 1 shuts off incorporation of amino acids into VSV-specific proteins within 2 hr after superinfection of cells already committed to massive synthesis of VSV proteins. However, poliovirus type 1 appears to have little, if any, direct effect upon incorporation of uridine into VSV-directed ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. Poliovirus apparently interferes with VSV virion production only at the level of translation of viral messenger RNA, although it interferes with host cell macromolecular syntheses at the levels of translation and transcription.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1971

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity in influenza virions.

An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity has been detected in purified preparations of influenza virus. In contrast to the replicase activity induced in influenza-infected cells, the virion-associated enzyme has an absolute requirement for Mn(++). Most of the RNA synthesized in vitro is complementary to virion RNA.

Ammonium Sulfate↗
PubMed1971

Synthesis and cleavage of influenza virus proteins.

The NWS strain of influenza virus grows rapidly in and kills the MDCK dog kidney cell strain. Within 1 to 2 hr, the virus inhibits host cell protein synthesis and for 3 to 4 hr more it directs the synthesis of influenza virus proteins at a rate about twice that of uninfected cell synthesis. The rates of virus ribonucleic acid (RNA) and protein synthesis reach a maximum within the first few hours after infection and then drop. Plaque assays exhibit a linear dose-response, indicating that only one virion is necessary for productive infection. We have confirmed earlier reports regarding the fragmented nature of the RNA genome of purified influenza virions. However, high resolution gel electrophoresis indicated that each size class of viral RNA is heterogenous, so that there are at least 10 and probably more fragment sizes of RNA in these virions. Repeated attempts to detect infectivity in preparations of extracted viral RNA were completely negative (over a 10(8)-fold loss of infectivity after extraction). Even infection of the "infectious" RNA-treated cells with intact, related, influenza viruses failed to support infectivity of the isolated RNA or to rescue a host range genetic marker of the RNA. Purified influenza virions exhibit only three major protein peaks based on separation according to molecular weights. These three major virion proteins are the only major virion proteins synthesized in infected cells. This is true throughout the infectious cycle from several hours after infection until the cells are dying. However, the molecular weight of these virion proteins differs slightly depending upon the cell type in which the virus is grown. No host membrane proteins are incorporated into the virions as they bud through the cell membrane. Pulse-chase labeling early after infection or prolonged chase experiments indicate that influenza virus proteins are cleaved from one or more precursor polypeptides. In fact, each of the three major peaks seems to be a heterogeneous mixture of polypeptides in various stages of cleavage. Peptide analysis confirms that the three major peaks share common peptides, but the exact precursor product relationships are not clear. There may be one or several precursor proteins. Also there could be overlapping messenger RNA molecules of varying length giving rise to polypeptides of various sizes and overlapping sequences. Late in infection, amino acid labeling shows a preponderance of internal nucleocapsid protein synthesis, indicating that either this protein is much more stable to cleavage in infection or it is made from a more stable messenger. There is no obvious relationship between virion RNA fragments and viral protein sizes, so these fragments may be artifacts.

Acrylates↗