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Biomedical subjects

M Dreyer

Publications and source records attributed to M Dreyer.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[The action of various doses of the new imidazole H2-receptor antagonist etintidine on intragastric acidity in man].

The chemical structure of etintidine differs from that of cimetidine by the addition of an ethinyl group to the terminal methyl group of the side chain. We investigated the influence of etintidine 300 or 400 mg b.d. and of etintidine 300 or 600 mg nocte, cimetidine 800 mg nocte versus placebo in two different double-blind randomized cross-over studies on 24-h intragastric acidity and nocturnal volume and acid secretion (12:00 midnight to 6:00 a.m.) in 12 and 8 healthy male volunteers, respectively. 5-10 ml of gastric contents were aspirated hourly via a nasogastric tube. The pH of the samples was determined using a glass electrode. The results were expressed in terms of H+-activity (mmol/l). Etintidine 300 or 400 mg b.d. reduced day- and nighttime acidity by 53 and 60% or 41 and 41%, respectively. Nocturnal acid secretion (mmol/l) was inhibited by 38 and 42%, resp. Etintidine 300 or 600 mg nocte and cimetidine 800 mg nocte (9:00 p.m.) lowered nocturnal intragastric acidity by 69, 84 and 79%, resp. Daytime inhibition was not observed. Our results suggest, that 1. etintidine 300 and 400 mg b.d. are equipotent in promoting peptic ulcer healing and 2. that this new imidazole H2-receptor antagonist is also effective in a single bedtime dose.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Successful therapy of recurrent hypoglycemias by surgical removal of a malignant hemangiopericytoma].

Tumor growth in a 72-year-old male patient with malignant haemangiopericytoma in the left hemithorax could be followed radiologically for 4 years before symptoms of recurrent hypoglycaemia appeared. The endogenous insulin level in serum was maximally and serum IGF-1 and IGF-2 markedly reduced. An intravenous arginine load test showed a normal stimulation capacity of the pancreatic glucagon secretion but not that of insulin. After resection of the tumor, blood sugar metabolism was completely normalised. The insulin level, IGF-1 and IGF-2 in serum returned to normal.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Impaired insulin-induced RNA synthesis secondary to a genetically defective insulin receptor.

The stimulation of glucose uptake and RNA synthesis by insulin was studied in cultured fibroblasts from patients with an inherited affinity defect of the insulin receptor. Additional cell cultures were set up of two patients with Alstrøm syndrome, a genetic disease with insulin resistance but normal insulin receptor, and of eight healthy individuals. In receptor-defective patients we found a corresponding defect of the insulin-mediated stimulation of RNA synthesis but a normal stimulation of glucose uptake. We conclude that both postreceptor effects are controlled by different insulin-directed mechanisms.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1985

Three different classes of oral antidiabetic drugs do not increase insulin binding and insulin-induced RNA synthesis in human fibroblast cultures.

We describe insulin binding and insulin-mediated RNA synthesis on seven human fibroblasts strains in culture initiated from skin biopsies in the presence of three oral antidiabetic agents, Metformin, Gliquidone, and a non-sulfonylurea antidiabetic drug (B X DF 591 ZW), which belong to different chemical classes. At least at a nontoxic pharmacologic concentration of 1 microgram/ml these drugs did not influence the number and affinity of insulin receptors, nor did they increase the insulin-mediated RNA synthesis. We conclude that cultured fibroblasts do not represent the proper target for an evaluation of an extrapancreatic action of oral antidiabetic drugs.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1985

[Hydroa vacciniforme--urocanic acid content of the horny layer of the epidermis].

Urocanic acid was measured by means of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the stratum corneum of a 3.5-year-old child suffering from hidroa vacciniformia. Compared to ten healthy children of equal age, the urocanic acid content of the stratum corneum was reduced significantly. In addition, there was an elevated level of some amino acids in the urine, particularly that of histidine and methylhistidine, which seems to be a very important finding. Urocanic acid acts as a natural sun protective agent, and the results are discussed with this in mind. It was not possible to elicit hidroa vacciniformia lesions in the patient by UV-A, as described by others.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

[Poisoning caused by the organophosphate parathion (E-605)].

In a 41-year-old patient administration of 5 g parathion led to respiratory failure and unconsciousness. Ventilatory support and antidote therapy were initiated early. However, only extensive gastric lavage and lowering of the plasma concentration by hemoperfusion with activated carbon resulted in the crucial elimination of the poison. Antidote and supportive measures may overcome the hazards of cholinesterase-inhibition, but not the direct toxic effect on the cardiovascular system which is currently regarded as the predominant cause of death.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Pathogenetic mechanisms of hereditary diabetes mellitus.

Novel laboratory techniques such as the determination of proinsulin, insulin, C-peptide and insulin receptors have allowed further subclassification of diabetes mellitus today as representing a symptom rather than a disease. Numerous pathogenetic mechanisms of diabetes have been identified, many of these being genetically determined and this may extend possibilities for genetic counselling. As a geneticist's view, the pathogenetic concept of diabetes presented here is mostly confined to genetic mechanisms, leaving aside other influences on the development of diabetes such as hormones, viruses, nutrition and drugs. Mendelian inherited diabetic disorders are related to different pathogenetic principles where possible, being speculative in some cases.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed1983

Familial insulin-resistant diabetes secondary to an affinity defect of the insulin receptor.

We describe three siblings with a mild diabetes mellitus in combination with acanthosis nigricans and multiple minor physical abnormalities. Fasting plasma insulin was elevated up to 100-fold as compared with normal values, and the diabetes was classified as insulin resistant. Insulin-binding studies on erythrocytes, monocytes, and cultured fibroblasts disclosed an abnormally reduced binding capacity, as compared with that of healthy controls, which was most prominent at low concentrations of insulin. Scatchard analysis on erythrocytes of the three patients revealed a normal number of total insulin-binding sites per cell, but a complete lack of insulin binding to the high-affinity receptor component. The findings are consistent with the assumption of two genetically distinct types of insulin receptors.

Acanthosis Nigricans↗
PubMed1983

Failure of cimetidine in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

Both the pharmacokinetics and the pharmacodynamics of cimetidine were investigated in three patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, who were unresponsive to conventional dosing regimens. Doses employed in these patients ranged from 2400 to 5400 mg daily. The poor response to oral cimetidine, as measured by acid secretion and gastric pH, was associated with subtherapeutic and unreliable cimetidine serum concentrations. The response to intravenous cimetidine was only a transient suppression of gastric secretion. The failure of cimetidine to control gastric hypersecretion in these patients was attributed to both a diminished oral bioavailability and a decreased pharmacologic response to the drug.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

The syndrome of diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, deafness, and other abnormalities (DIDMOAD-syndrome). Two affected sibs and a short review of the literature (98 cases).

We describe two sibs with DIDMOAD-Syndrome, a 19-year-old girl with diabetes mellitus (type I), optic atrophy, inner-ear deafness, and atonia of the urinary tract, and her 5-year-old brother with diabetes mellitus (type I) and optic atrophy. Studies of red blood cell insulin receptors revealed a normal number of receptors per cell and normal affinity to insulin. The syndrome represents an autosomal recessively inherited type of diabetes mellitus, which remains often undiagnozed since most of the symptoms except diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy occur with varying expressivity. An atonia of the efferent urinary tract often with fatal complications is present in 46% of all patients with this syndrome reported in the literature and is unfortunately not included in the acronym DIDMOAD.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Chlorpropamide-alcohol flushing is not useful for individual genetic counseling of diabetic patients.

The presence or absence of chlorpropamide-alcohol flushing (CPAF) was not correlated with the classification of diabetes. Five out of twelve patients with juvenile-onset diabetes (JOD) flushed and three out of four patients with maturity-onset diabetes in young people (MODY) did not flush. Consequently, CPAF cannot be used for individual genetic counseling in diabetes mellitus.

Adolescent↗