Ethics and multicentre research projects.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Drury.
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When Boerhaave's syndrome presents with atypical clinical features and eludes prompt diagnosis, delays in surgical therapy increase complications and mortality. We present a patient with occult Boerhaave's syndrome who had nondiagnostic esophageal contrast studies and thoracic computed tomography. Pleural fluid cytologic analysis established the presence of esophageal rupture by detecting undigested food particles.
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A pilot scheme was set up to evaluate a notification card to be used by community pharmacists when referring patients to their general practitioner, with the aim of improving communication. Six community pharmacists and 15 general practitioners took part in the study. During the 18 month study period 120 cards were issued by pharmacists. The majority of patients (71%) advised to see their general practitioner by the pharmacist did so. Fourteen cards (12%) were issued for suspected adverse drug reactions. The card was received positively by patients, doctors and pharmacists.
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1. Incubation of extensor digitorum communis muscles from fed chicks in the presence of plasma concentrations of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) increased the formation of glutamate, glutamine and alanine. This effect was inhibited by 1.5 mM L-cycloserine. 2. 2-Oxoisocaproate (0.1 and 0.5 mM) increased the formation of leucine but decreased that of glutamate, glutamine and alanine. 3. NH4Cl (0.3 mM) increased the formation of glutamine, and decreased the release and intracellular concentrations of glutamate and alanine. 4. Our results demonstrate that alanine and glutamine are synthesized de novo in chick skeletal muscle and demonstrate the similarity in alanine and glutamine synthesis in skeletal muscle between the domestic fowl and mammals.
There is increasing awareness of the needs of practice nurses for continuing education and both the report of the community nursing review and the government's white paper Promoting better health have stressed this. A course for practice nurses is described in which the curriculum was based on previous research into their requirements. An evaluation of the course demonstrated changes in the attitude towards the work of the practitioner and an overall increase in confidence of the group. Perceptions of the course and the relevance of the content were also measured. The cost of the course is given and the future direction of training discussed.
A study exploring the acceptability of a nurse practitioner to a random sample of 126 patients is reported. Sixty per cent of patients either approved of the concept and expressed willingness to consult the nurse or held no strong views. Fifty three per cent of the 61 patients who had seen her already were prepared to see her again. Fifty four per cent of patients had difficulty in differentiating between the role of the nurse practitioner and the doctor and the perceived differences included qualifications, ability to prescribe drugs and the severity of the condition dealt with. Women were nearly three times more likely than men to consult a nurse practitioner. Good communication skills were reported to be among the most sought after qualities of those whom patients consult about their health problems.
Three hundred practice nurses in the West Midlands responded to a questionnaire survey about their social and occupational characteristics. The nurses were mainly married women with children and had had considerable hospital experience. They were largely satisfied with their job and felt that their own general practitioner colleagues were supportive, though doctors in general might not be so. Large variations in patterns of work were revealed and in some cases there was a considerable extension of the traditional nursing role. Almost two-thirds of practice nurses were undertaking breast and vaginal examinations, 70% were carrying out cervical smears and a number of nurses were diagnosing, investigating and managing common ailments. Nurses expressed a desire for further extension of their role to allow them to undertake broader aspects of patient care and to be less task-centred, but felt that they would require further training to do so. There was evidence of a need for better definition of the practice nurse's role and for more support from health authorities and the nurses' own professional body.
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