Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M E Abdullah.
A simple microcomputer crossover program in BASIC is designed for the purpose of drug bioequivalence studies and other related fields of statistical investigation. An illustration of the application of the program is presented to compare the bioavailability of ibuprofen when administered alone or followed by colestipol hydrochloride or by cholestyramine.
A personal computer program in BASIC for the two-factor factorial analysis of variance has been developed. The factorial design is based on and combined with previous one-way and two-way ANOVA programs. The performance of the program is tested on data obtained from 3 months' consumption of three proprietary antibiotic products in four Saudi hospitals.
A simple microcomputer program in BASIC is designed to compute both the one-way and two-way analysis of variance. The program is an interactive one and can be easily and promptly used for statistical analysis of biomedical data. The applicability of the program is illustrated by data obtained from the percutaneous absorption of dihydroergotamine into the excised skin of rabbits.
The bioavailability and cardiac depressant activity of 3H-clonidine was studied following intravenous and nasal administration in rodents. The drug is rapidly absorbed by nasal route, and the peak blood concentration is reached within 10 minutes. The area under the blood concentration-time curve, following intravenous and nasal routes, was found to be 3.55 x 10(5) counts/g/min and 3.75 x 10(5) counts/g/min respectively. The drug was found to eliminate slowly from blood. The t1/2 beta, following intravenous and nasal administration, was found to be 8.8 hr and 8.0 hr respectively. Our electrocardiographic studies, to compare myocardial depression following intravenous and nasal administration of clonidine, revealed that a bolus intravenous clonidine in the dose of 10 micrograms, 30 micrograms, and 100 micrograms/kg body weight produced a significant and transient decrease in heart rate in a dose dependent manner. One rat developed arrhythmia after receiving a higher dose of 100 micrograms/kg body weight of clonidine by intravenous route. However, only a mild decrease in heart rate was observed following nasal administration of clonidine. The examination of the nasal cavity one hour after the single dose of 100 micrograms/kg body weight of clonidine in rats showed no sign of erythema, oedema or lesions. These findings suggest that the nasal route may be a good substitute for I.V. administration of clonidine.
A BASIC program is presented to compute one-way analysis of variance of life data. The program is simple, powerful, direct and relatively short. It allows for judgement of significance at the chosen confidence limit. Applications of the program to some experimental therapeutic data are shown.
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The effect of some antacids on the dissolution and hypoglycemic activity of acetohexamide, tolazamide, and tolbutamide tablets was investigated, as was the adsorption of the three drugs onto the antacids. The dissolution rates of the three drugs in the presence of magnesium oxide, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, and calcium carbonate increased (0.5-1 hr) and then plateaued or decreased (1-3 hr). Magnesium trisilicate directly suppressed the dissolution of the three drugs. The antacids reduced the hypoglycemic activity of tolbutamide in the following order:magnesium trisilicate greater than magnesium oxide greater than aluminum hydroxide greater than magnesium carbonate greater than calcium carbonate. The same order occurred for the first three antacids with acetohexamide and tolazamide. Decreased hypoglycemic activity of the drugs may have been due to their adsorption to the coadministered antacids.
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The fate of 125I-labelled Streptolysin O injected intravenously into mice was studied. After 2 hours only 5% of the injected label remained in the blood. The highest concentration of radioactivity was consistently observed in the liver and kidneys. The labelled toxin was degraded in the liver but its greatest toxic effect took place in the kidneys.
The effect of certain additives on the release and oral absorption of 125I from povidone-125I was studied. Ethanol and benzalkonium chloride were found to increase the release of 125I from its povidone complex, more than any one of the other additives. Both agents increased the absorption of 125I, 24 h after oral administration to rats, from 2.4 to 9.8%, respectively. The possible influence of application of povidone-iodine on certain clinical tests is discussed.
A study on the influence of vaginal smear, blood cells and human plasma on the release of 125I from povidone-iodine was conducted. The total amounts of iodine released from povidone-iodine in presence of saliva and vaginal smear are 9.51% and 5.99%, respectively, as compared to 5.9 in normal saline solution. Blood cells and plasma were found to take up 54.2 and 80.1% of iodine released from povidone-iodine. The possible effect of these fluids on the antimicrobial activity of povidone-iodine is discussed.
The in vitro adsorption of 125I-labeled Pseudomonas aeruginosa toxin (I) onto kaolin (II) at various pH values and in the presence of various agents was studied. The maximal adsorption capacity of I onto II occurred at pH values below 4.1, while minimal values were observed at pH 4.1, 7.4, and 8; average adsorption occurred at pH 5 and 6. The tested agents at specific ratios to II decreased the percent adsorption capacity of II for I to various degrees. The results are explained by reference to the structures of both kaolin and the toxin.
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Cholesteryl iodide-125I was prepared and administered intravenously to rabbits. After six days, tissue distribution studies indicated a good target to non-target ratio with selective concentration in adrenal glands.
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