Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M E Allen.
Advanced methods of testing allows the kinesiologist to demonstrate qualities and quantities of muscular and joint performance heretofore not available. These discerning tests shed new light on problems related to arthritis, the dilemmas of disuse atrophy, and the benefits of exercise rehabilitation. Principles of exercise for the degenerative joint are offered.
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The purposes of this study were to 1) identify the major factors that influence the retention of Black undergraduate nursing students in baccalaureate nursing programs; 2) compare and contrast the major retention problems of Black baccalaureate nursing students in predominantly White universities with those of all Black students in similar institutions; and 3) generate questions for further study in the area of student retention. The study used a convenience sample which included one private university and one public state university with baccalaureate nursing programs from the Eastern, Southern, Midwest, and Western regions in the country. Contact persons at each institution were asked to administer questionnaires to Black nursing students enrolled in the professional sequence of the curriculum, Black nursing faculty and administrators, and White nursing faculty and administrators. Data analysis consisted of a comparison between the responses of students, faculty, and administrators in 1980 and those of nursing students, faculty and administrators in 1984 to identified admission-retention barriers and possible remedies.
Accurate measurement of the motions and strength of the trunk is limited by landmarks that rarely remain constant, a shifting axis of rotation, and the dual roles of muscles that act as both extensors and flexors. This paper will review the growing number of devices that can assist the clinician in measuring both the quality and quantity of trunk functions for range of motion, strength and endurance.
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Thirty subjects with DSM-III diagnoses of bulimia were compared to 30 matched controls on the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. The bulimics showed poorer performance on tasks associated with functioning of the right frontal cortical area, primarily tasks involving speed of drawing geometric figures. The similarities of the findings to previous findings with anorexic samples and patients with affective disorders are discussed.
This study evaluated the time course to Malaise III in human subjects given naloxone and placebo with a double-blind cross-over protocol in the prevention of motion sickness induced by exposure to coriolis stimulation in a rotating chair. During naloxone tests, subjects reached the designated level of sickness sooner than during the placebo testing (significance greater than 0.05) and their discomfort lingered for up to 3 d--a feature not seen with the placebo. This implicates endogenous opiates with an endogenous protective or adaptive role in the control of motion sickness. It is suggested that when subjects experience endogenous opioid withdrawal, such as post exercise, they could be in a state of neuron hypersensitivity, and thus more prone to any form of exogenous emetic stimuli. Greater tolerance to motion stresses could be experienced in subjects whose endorphins were repeatedly elevated, thus avoiding a hypersensitivity state from endogenous opiate withdrawal. Subjects whose endorphins have not been elevated in the first instance cannot secondarily suffer opioid abstinence.
Many athletes with or without occlusal problems are now using mandibular orthopedic repositioning appliances (MORA) or simply occlusal splints, supposedly to enhance skeletal muscle strength. Recent research to establish these claims has suffered from design inaccuracies. In theory, the MORA reduces temporomandibular stress during clenched jaw efforts. It is suggested that pain in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and surrounding musculature could limit a maximum effort during an athletic endeavour. Eight subjects with TMJ disorders were tested for strength changes in 4 muscle groups with a custom MORA and placebo splint in a tightly controlled double-blind cross-over protocol using a Cybex II dynamometer. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) did not show significant differences in strength change between the two splints. Neither were there any trends that would suggest strength benefits from the MORA.
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This study examines the state of the art in master's nursing education in the United States in light of projected national trends in the health care delivery system. The specific questions addressed are: What are the general characteristics of master's programs, including admission requirements and prerequisites, program requirements, major and minor areas of clinical concentration, functional role preparation, and career mobility options? What is the curricular organization, particularly with respect to required core courses? Is there a difference between master's programs in schools with a doctoral program in nursing and those with master's programs only? Is there a difference between master's programs with public support and master's programs with private support? Data were collected from 175 accredited master's programs in 1990. Study results and the projected trends derived from Nursing's Agenda for Health Care Reform, Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives, and Healthy America: Practitioners for 2005 provide the foundation for recommendations. Recommendations are organized around communication and curricular issues that master's nursing education needs to address as the profession approaches the 21st century.
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Using a randomized, double-blind, cross-over design, we investigated the effects of carbamazepine (CBZ) and phenytoin (PHT) on memory and spectral EEG components in 15 healthy adults. Each subject was treated with each drug for 1 month, separated by a 1-month washout. Evaluations were conducted at baseline, at the end of each treatment month, and 1 month after the last treatment phase. EEG was collected during an eyes-closed resting condition and a verbal memory activation task. Spectral analysis of the EEG in the nondrug conditions showed that the memory task significantly reduced theta components and increased delta components. As compared with nondrug conditions, the antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) significantly impaired memory performance and produced mild EEG slowing. Memory performance did not differ statistically between the AEDs, but minor differences in spectral EEG components were noted. The results suggest that differences in the cognitive and EEG effects of CBZ and PHT are not clinically significant.
A 13-year-old male Little League pitcher sustained a displaced spiral fracture of the right midhumerus while in midpitch. Deep ache prodrome symptoms in the midhumerus at rest and during pitching occurred during the preceeding week, suggestive of a stress fracture that later completed to an overt fracture during the added stress of a forceful side-arm curve ball pitch, his specialty. Osteonal remodeling in stress fractures is discussed.
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