Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M E Georgi.
Two eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) were treated for myiasis caused by Sarcophaga cistudinis. The tortoises were examined because of swellings of the proximal cervical regions. Both fully recovered following surgical removal of multiple larvae.
Heavy renal infection in a pony with Klosiella equi resulted in moderate diffuse tubular nephrosis and tubular rupture. Multifocal non-suppurative interstitial nephritis was associated with ruptured tubules. Ultrastructural examination of sporoblasts demonstrated both the presence of a bilaminated membrane encasing organisms and nuclear budding. Endogenous corticosteroid production probably led to the development of an immune-compromized state and subsequent extensive parasitic replication.
A 7-day-old male Nubian-Alpine crossbred goat was examined because of listlessness, anorexia, and diarrhea. The presumptive diagnosis was severe enteritis. Large numbers of Clostridium perfringens and a non-pathogenic heavily encapsulated Escherichia coli were isolated from the feces. Cryptosporidium parvum was identified on the qualitative fecal examination. The kid improved after treatment with fluids and antibiotics.
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An adrenal cortical carcinoma, verminous pneumonia and hepatic parasitic granulomas were found at necropsy in a 10-year-old castrated male Dalmatian. Filaroides hirthi hyperinfection due to endogenous cortisol production was diagnosed on the basis of clinical and clinicopathological evidence of hyperadrenocorticism, pathological findings and parasite identification.
A fox infected with canine distemper virus had multiple Eurytrema procyonis trematodes within the major pancreatic duct. The ductal epithelium was slightly hyperplastic and there was mild periductal fibrosis present. There was dilatation of the pancreatic duct containing the parasites. Numerous eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions were present in the epithelium of multiple organs, including the pancreatic ducts.
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Twelve of 102 woodchucks submitted for necropsy to the New York State College of Veterinary Medicine had clinical histories of central nervous system disorder. All had multifocal eosinophilic encephalitis with formation of granulomas. Nematode larvae, identified as Baylisascaris sp. were found in six of the 12 and were assumed to be the etiologic agent in all affected woodchucks. Both wild and captive (wild-trapped) woodchucks were affected, and all occurrences were between mid-June and early September.
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Habronemic blepharoconjunctivitis was characterized clinically by raised yellow gritty plaques in the palpebral and bulbar conjunctivae. Lid granulomas and blepharitis were observed in some cases. On histologic examination, mast cells, eosinophils, and collagenolysis was found in most sections, but if only one section was examined an erroneous diagnosis of mastocytosis could have been made. Treatment consisted of larvicidal mixtures for lid lesions and organophosphate ophthalmic drops along with corticosteroids for the conjunctivitis. If the cornea was damaged by the gritty conjunctival plaques, healing was more prolonged because corticosteroids were then contraindicated.
A registered 3 year old Guernsey heifer, recently fresh, was examined for sudden appearance of diffuse, firm swelling beneath both eyes. Vital signs and physical examination were within normal limits; no lymphadenopathy was present. Biopsy revealed a chronic eosinophilic granulomatous cellulitis and degenerate Demodex bovis. the lesions selfresolved within three months.
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A small nodule causing repeated rectal prolapse was surgically removed from a four year old Dachshund residing for her entire life in Connecticut. Histologic examination of the biopsy specimen revealed sections of Spirocerca lupi (Rudolphi 1809) surrounded by a granulomatous reaction and fibrous wall.
Transmission of Filaroides hirthi among cagemate pups was demonstrated to occur through the ingestion of first-stage larvae in recently passed feces. It was suggested that coprophagia is the principal mechanism of transmission of F hirthi and that transmission from brood bitches to their litters occurs by this mechanism during and after the fourth or fifth week of the nursing period. Medication of 15 infected brood bitches with two courses of albendazole at a dosage rate of 50 mg/kg of body weight twice each day for 5 days resulted in complete absence of F hirthi infection among all 21 of their progeny, whereas 16 of 19 progeny (84%) from 14 nontreated infected dams harbored F hirthi worms.
Filaroides hirthi lungworm infection was diagnosed by the recovery of 1st-stage larvae from the faeces of dogs with heavy, artificially induced infections using zinc sulphate flotation. Diagnosis of low-grade natural infections was infrequently achieved. Zinc sulphate flotation was demonstrated to be about 100 times as efficient as the Baermann technique in concentrating F. hirthi larvae from dog faeces. Larvae recovered from faeces proved to be infective when fed to a pup and it was concluded that F. hirthi infection can be transmitted directly and immediately by fresh faecal contamination. Mongrel dogs of diverse ancestry were readily infected by feeding 1st-stage larvae from lung tissue. Thus, F. hirthi infection was shown not to be limited to the Beagle breed by biological restrictions. The observations that 1st-stage larvae pass through the alimentary tract on their way out of the body and that larvae are found in the mesenteric lymph nodes long after a single exposure to infection support the hypothesis that there is an autogenous re-infection of the host by a proportion of these larvae.