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Biomedical subjects

M E Gombert

Publications and source records attributed to M E Gombert.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Treatment of chromomycosis with ketoconazole and 5-fluorocytosine.

Chromomycosis is a disfiguring cutaneous mycosis that is often recalcitrant to therapy. We describe a case of chromomycosis of the lower extremities that is being successfully treated with ketoconazole and 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) after treatment with ketoconazole alone had failed. In vitro studies showed that the drugs acted synergistically against the strain of Fonsecaea pedrosoi which was isolated from the patient's lesion.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Synergism of imipenem and amikacin in combination with other antibiotics against Nocardia asteroides.

The in vitro activities of imipenem (formerly imipemide, N-formimidoyl thienamycin, or MK0787) and amikacin in combination with cefotaxime, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and each other were tested against 26 Nocardia asteroides strains. The agar dilution method was used for all tests. Synergy was present in 80% of tests with imipenem-trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, in 92% of tests with imipenem-cefotaxime, and in 83% of tests with amikacin-trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Indifference was found on rare occasions, and no antagonism was seen.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1983

Adult respiratory distress syndrome as a cause of death in pneumococcal pneumonia. Report of ten cases.

The Pneumococcus continues to be a common cause of infectious pneumonia; however, the cause of death in pneumococcal disease remains obscure. Ten patients are described who developed the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to pneumococcal pneumonia. The patients are young (median age, 33 years) and leukopenic (median white blood cell count, 2.1 cells/cu mm) and have a mortality of 50 percent (five patients). It is postulated that pulmonary sequestration of leukocytes may play a role in the pathogenesis of ARDS secondary to pneumococcal disease. Four different pneumococcal capsular subtypes (9V [68]; 9A [33]; 4; 3) were found capable of causing ARDS. The currently available pneumococcal vaccine does not contain two of the capsular subtypes associated with ARDS.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Human babesiosis. Clinical and therapeutic considerations.

During a two-month period, six patients from eastern Long Island were identified as having Babesia microti infection. Diagnosis was based on characteristic blood smears, hamster inoculation, or both. Symptom duration ranged from 19 to 24 days in five patients. The sixth patient, who had previously undergone splenectomy, had a more severe and prolonged illness. No specific therapy was administered to five patients. The patient who had had a splenectomy was treated with chloroquine, quinine, pentamidine, and exchange transfusions. There were no deaths. It appears that most cases of human B microti infection can be effectively managed with symptomatic and supportive care.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Designing appropriate therapy in the treatment of gram-negative bacillary meningitis.

Gram-negative bacillary meningitis is being diagnosed more frequently, and the introduction of newer beta-lactam antibiotics has contributed significantly to successful therapy. These new agents--became of their ease of administration and relative safety--also allow nonspecialists to treat the disease. There are, however, pitfalls in therapy of infections due to this heterogenous group of organisms. Extremely susceptible organisms, such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, most often respond to cephalosporin monotherapy, whereas relatively resistant organisms such as Acinetobacter and some Enterobacter may not. In these cases, combination therapy with an aminoglycoside is warranted. Testing the infecting organism for antibiotic susceptibility at the appropriate inoculum and pH may be useful in predicting therapeutic outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Susceptibility of Nocardia asteroides to various antibiotics, including newer beta-lactams, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, amikacin, and N-formimidoyl thienamycin.

The susceptibility of 26 isolates of Nocardia asteroides to several antibiotics was determined by the agar dilution technique. Many currently available beta-lactam antibiotics were ineffective. Cefotaxime, cefmenoxime, and N-formimidoyl thienamycin were active against these strains, with 80% minimal inhibitory concentrations of 4, 4, and 2 micrograms/ml, respectively. Amikacin was the most effective agent tested.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1981

Susceptibility of gram-positive cocci to various antibiotics, including cefotaxime, moxalactam, and N-formimidoyl thienamycin.

The activities of cefotaxime, moxalactam, MK 0787 (N-formimidoyl thienamycin), ampicillin, oxacillin, vancomycin, and clindamycin were compared against gram-positive cocci. MK 0787 was the most active and moxalactam was the least active of these drugs, except against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, where vancomycin was most active, and penicillin-resistant pneumococci, where cefotaxime was more active.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1981

Vancomycin and rifampin therapy for Staphylococcus epidermidis meningitis associated with CSF shunts: report of three cases.

Three patients with Staphylococcus epidermis meningitis associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt devices were treated with a combination of intravenous vancomycin and oral rifampin. Two of the isolates were methicillin-resistant. All patients had a favorable clinical response. Time-kill curves showed that the addition of rifampin to vancomycin resulted in enhanced bactericidal activity against all isolates when compared to either antibiotic alone. This finding suggests that the combination of oral rifampin and intravenous vancomycin may be useful in the treatment of methicillin-resistant and recalcitrant methicillin-sensitive S. epidermis meningitis associated with CSF shunts. In vitro susceptibility testing should be performed.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Susceptibility of Eikenella corrodens to newer beta-lactam antibiotics.

In vitro susceptibility testing of 28 strains of Eikenella corrodens by the agar dilution technique showed that all strains were uniformly susceptible to penicillin, ticarcillin, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, N-formimidoyl thienamycin, and moxalactam and resistant to clindamycin and cefadroxil. Cefoperazone, piperacillin, and mezlocillin showed good activity, with some strains relatively resistant. Bacampicillin and cefamandole showed relatively poor activity.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of gram-negative bacillary meningitis: role of the new cephalosporin antibiotics.

Results of the treatment of gram-negative bacillary meningitis have been disappointing: mortality is extremely high, and treatment with chloramphenicol has shown a high failure rate. This failure rate for chloramphenicol is consistent with the wide gap between minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration of this drug for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, and other Enterobacteriaceae. Cefotaxime, a new cephalosporin, is cidal for most gram-negative bacteria at concentrations of less than 0.25 microgram/ml. By late 1981, 137 patients with meningitis due to a variety of bacteria had been treated with this agent. Bacteriologic cure rates were 93% for meningitis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae and 88% for meningitis due to gram-negative bacteria (94.4% for meningitis due to E. coli and Klebsiella). This new antibiotic shows considerable promise in the treatment of these forms of meningitis.

Adult↗