Biomedical subjects

M E Jackson

Publications and source records attributed to M E Jackson.

59 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Home birth with certified nurse-midwife attendants in the United States. An overview.

The move of the birth site from home to hospital in the United States from 1800 through the early part of the 20th Century is described. The reemergence of home birth in the United States since the early 1960s and the evolution of nurse-midwifery care in the home birth setting are discussed. Misconceptions regarding home birth and a review of international literature documenting the safety of home birth are included. The need for prospective research on home birth is supported. A Home Birth Curriculum Guide developed by the Home Birth Committee of the American College of Nurse-Midwives is provided.

Education, Continuing↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The skeletal effects of colony-stimulating factor-1 in toothless (osteopetrotic) rats: persistent metaphyseal sclerosis and the failure to restore subepiphyseal osteoclasts.

Toothless (tl), one of four osteopetrotic mutations in the rat, is characterized by few osteoclasts, undetectable bone resorption, and failure of correction by bone marrow transplantation. We recently reported that CSF-1 treatment improves these skeletal problems but that metaphyseal sclerosis persists. In the present study we demonstrate that optimal reduction of the skeletal sclerosis in tl rats following CSF-1 treatment has lower and upper dosage thresholds and that skeletal sclerosis returns after CSF-1 withdrawal. Osteoclasts increase significantly in tl rats after CSF-1 treatment, but compared to untreated normal littermates, histochemical staining for characteristic enzymes and osteoclast number is reduced and no osteoclasts appear in the subepiphyseal areas of long bones. These data are interpreted to mean that there are dosage limits to the beneficial skeletal effects of CSF-1, that persistent sclerosis is related to the failure to restore subepiphyseal osteoclasts, that osteoclast or progenitor populations may be deficient or differ in their responses to CSF-1, and that the defect in tl rats is not merely lack of a circulating, biologically active form of CSF-1.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Shared responsibility in home birth practice: collaborating with clients.

The home setting not only provides a special environment for birth and the practice of midwifery, but also has an impact on the processes used in clinical decision making. This article focuses on collaboration between the midwife and the birthing woman and also discusses the collaborative relationship between midwives and obstetric consultants. A home birth case study illustrates the interactions among the midwife, the woman, and the medical system. These critical relationships provide structure for safe, effective clinical practice in planned home birth when practice boundaries are not defined by institutional walls.

Cooperative Behavior↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Technology management: a perspective on system support, procurement, and replacement planning.

The escalating costs associated with medical technology present a host of challenges for the hospital clinical engineering department. As service and support costs comprise ever larger portions of a system's life cycle cost, innovative management of service provider mix and mechanisms can provide substantial savings in operating expenses. In addition to full-service contracts, the use of demand service and independents has become commonplace. Medical equipment maintenance insurance programs provide yet another service alternative, combining the flexibility of demand service with the safety of a capped budget. These programs have gained acceptance among hospitals as their providers have become more focused on the healthcare market and its many needs. In view of the long-term cost impact surrounding technology procurement, the authors recommend that hospitals refine system evaluation methodologies and develop more comprehensive techniques directed at capital equipment replacement planning. One replacement planning approach, based on an estimation of system value changes, is described and illustrated using data collected through client consultations. Although the validity of this method has not been demonstrated, it represents a simplified approach to life cycle cost analysis and is intended to provide a standard method by which system replacement planning may be quantified. As a departure from system devaluation based solely on depreciation, this method estimates prospective system values derived from anticipated operations and maintenance costs, projected revenue, and the availability of new technology.

Capital Expenditures↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Beneficial effect of beta-mannanase feed enzyme on performance of chicks challenged with Eimerla sp. and Clostridium perfringens.

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of a beta-mannanase feed enzyme on the performance of broiler chicks subject to a necrotic enteritis disease challenge model involving oral inoculation of Eimeria sp. and Clostridium pefringens. Beta-mannanase is known to improve productive performance when added to poultry and swine diets. In both experiments, disease challenge in the absence of feed additives demonstrated significant reductions in performance as measured by weight gain, feed conversion, and the incidence of coccidial lesion scores. Significant mortality was also observed in challenged groups in Experiment 1. The disease challenge model was therefore judged as highly effective. Additions of a commonly used antibiotic, bacitracin methylene disalicilate (BMD), and coccidiostat, salinomycin, were highly effective in partially counteracting negative effects of the disease challenge. In both experiments, addition of beta-mannanase significantly improved performance and reduced lesion scores in disease-challenged groups. The degree of improvement was somewhat less than that afforded by a combination of BMD and salinomycin in Experiment 1 but was not different from that afforded by BMD alone in Experiment 2. We conclude that the beta-mannanase enzyme can play a role in circumstances where the use of antibiotics is not desired.

Animal Feed↗