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Biomedical subjects

M E Mansfield

Publications and source records attributed to M E Mansfield.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Serologic response of gilts of breeding age to human influenza vaccines containing A/New Jersey/76 (HSW1N1) antigen.

Twenty-four cross-bred gilts of breeding age were used in two studies to access the antigenic response to commercially produced human influenza vaccintes containing A/New Jersey/76 viral antigens. In experiments 1 only one of seven animals responded with an HI antibody titer of 1:40 or above. In the second experiment five of six gilts responded to higher dosages of vaccine with HI antibody titers of 1:40 or above. The positive titers persisted at least eighty-one days in two vaccinates in experiment 2.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Ovine coccidiosis: effect of the antibiotic monensin against Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae and other naturally occurring coccidia of sheep.

Sixteen female and 16 male lambs were used in 4 groups to determine the effect of monensin on naturally occurring and experimentally induced coccidiosis. Determinations of numbers of oocysts discharged, quantities of feces discharged, feed consumption, and weight gain were made for female and male lambs in each group. The effect of experimentally induced and naturally occurring coccidiosis on the performance of each group was compared. Nonmedicated lambs, experimentally inoculated with Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae, gained the least weight. Lambs naturally infected with coccidia gained next best and inoculated lambs, in 2 groups medicated with 10 or 20 ppm of monensin in the feed, gained best. The average net gain for the 4 groups was 7.8, 9.7, 13.7, and 13.7 kg. The medicated lambs required less feed/kilogram of weight gain than did the nonmedicated lambs. In general, female lambs were more severely affected by the coccidia, consumed more feed, produced more fecal material, and gained less weight than did male lambs.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1978

Haemonchus contortus infections in Targhee and Targhee-Barbados Black-Belly cross lambs.

Targhee and Targhee-Barbados Black-Belly cross lambs that were raised helminth-free were experimentally infected with 10,000 or 25,000 infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus. There were no significant (P = less than 0.05) differences in results of weight gain, packed cell volumes, numbers of eggs per gram of feces, or numbers of helminths between the 2 groups of lambs.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Developmental arrest of Haemonchus contortus larvae in lambs given larval inoculum exposed to different temperatures and storage conditions.

The temperature (15 or 30 C) at which Haemonchus contortus larvae were allowed to develop to the infective (3rd) stage and the temperature at which they were subsequently stored (4, 15, or 30 C) had no effect on the occurrence of developmental arrest (larval impasse) of the larvae in infected lambs. If a large inoculating dose (10,000 larvae) was given to the lambs, a smaller percentage of nematodes was retained (14.2%) then if a small dose (1,000 larvae, 25.8% retention) was given, but the percentage of larvae in developmenttal arrest was greater (7.7% of the retained nematodes vs 0.02%). The temperatures of larval development and storage had no effect on the sex ratio of the adults that developed (46.3% male nematodes).

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Evaluation of the immune response of cattle to leptospiral bacterins.

Cattle were vaccinated against leptospirosis with 3 bacterin preparations: (a) trivalent (serotypes grippotyphosa, pomona, and hardjo) whole cell bacterin; (b) bivalent pomona and hardjo whole cell bacterin; and (c) pentavalent (canicola, grippotyphosa, icterohaemorrhagiae, pomona, and hardjo) cell wall bacterin. Microscopic agglutinating antibody responses in cattle given the last-named bacterin were higher than those in cattle vaccinated with the 2 whole cell bacterins (trivalent and bivalent). However, microscopic agglutinating antibody responses occurred in all vaccinated cattle after they were given a challenge inoculation of serotype hardjo. Leptospires were isolated from 2 of 4 challenge controls (i.e., not given any bacterin), but none of the 15 vaccinated cattle given any one of the bacterins and then challenge inoculated with hardjo became culturally positive. It was concluded that the 3 multivalent bacterins were protective against experimental challenge inoculation of hardjo.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Immunity to leptospirosis: renal changes in vaccinated cattle given challenge inoculum.

Resistance to renal leptospirosis was demonstrated in cattle vaccinated with Leptospira interrogans serotype pomona bacterin. Fewer vaccinated cattle given challenge inoculum of virulent serotype pomona leptospires 12 months after vaccination had kidneys with gross focal lesions in the cortex than did nonvaccinated controls. Histopathologic changes characteristically associated with renal leptospirosis occurred less frequently and renal tissue damage was less severe in vaccinated cattle than in nonvaccinated controls. The isolation of serotype pomona from only 1 of 29 vaccinated cattle, compared to 7 isolations from 11 nonvaccinated cattle, at 26 days after challenge inoculum was given, indicated that mild renal infection occurred only infrequently in vaccinated cattle. It appeared that challenge inoculation of vaccinated cattle with virulent serotype pomona leptospires stimulated an accelerated secondary immune response in which immunity limited the multiplication of leptospires in the kidney.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Antigenicity of inactivated swine influenza virus concentrated by centrifugation.

Swine influenza virus grown in fertile chicken eggs was inactivated with a 1:4000 dilution of formalin for three days. Centrifugation at 47,000 g for 1-3 hours concentrated the viral particles. Reconstitution to 1/10 the original volume for use as a vaccine resulted in a product having an HA titer of 1:64 to 1:512. Two doses of 4 ml given three weeks apart resulted in a serologic response in three of six gilts of breeding age. Experimental challenge of two vaccinated and two control gilts to swine influenze virus showed that vaccinated gilts did not react by production of a marked HI antibody response when compared to unvaccinated gilts.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Experimental challenge of pregnant gilts with swine influenza virus after vaccination.

Inactivated swine influenza virus was concentrated by filtration. Two 5 ml doses given subcutaneously two to three weeks apart to SPF gilts of breeding age of bred gilts was antigenic as measured by the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test. Higher HI titers of longer duration were produced in unvaccinated gilts after experimental challenge. Vaccinated gilts reverted to negative (less than 1:20) HI tests after challenge. Pigs from vaccinated gilts were heavier when weaned at five weeks of age than pigs from unvaccinated gilts. No swine influenza virus was isolated after challenge from placentas or pigs born dead or that died after farrowing.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Bacteriologic and vaccination studies in a field epizootic of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in calves.

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) was enzootic in the beef cattle herds at Dixon Springs Agricultural Center, University of Illinois. The development of nonhemolytic and hemolytic Moraxella bovis flora in the eyes of 48 calves in a closed cow-calf herd was monitored from late May to October, 1972. The incidence of clinical IBK was recorded each week. In late May, nonhemolytic M bovis was isolated from 26% of calf eyes. The peak incidence of IBK was observed in early September, with 26% of the eyes affected. At that time, nonhemolytic M bovis was isolated from 10% of the eyes, and hemolytic M bovis from 58%. By late October, nonhemolytic M bovis was isolated from 25% of the eyes, and hemolytic M bovis from only 4%. In an attempt to increase the resistance of ocular tissue, 19 calves were vaccinated in each third eyelid with 0.5 ml of an autogenous M bovis bacterin in late May. Vaccination did not provide practical protection against the establishment of hemolytic M bovis in the eyes nor the development of clinical IBK. However, at the peak incidence of IBK, hemolytic M bovis was isolated from the eyes of 48% of vaccinated calves and 73% of nonvaccinated calves; clinical IBK was present in 21% of the eyes of vaccinated calves and 29% of nonvaccinated calves. In evaluating the in vitro proteolytic potential of M bovis isolates, 83 hemolytic and 5 nonhemolytic isolates peptonized litmus milk; 176 nonhemolytic isolates did not peptonize litmus milk. Hemolytic M bovis isolates were more pathogenic for mice than were nonhemolytic isolates. Of 60 mice, 53 (88%) died in 1 to 3 hours after intraperitoneal inoculation of hemolytic isolates; 8 of 32 (25%) mice died in 5 to 15 hours after inoculation of nonhemolytic isolates. Hemolytic M bovis isolates produced testicular swelling and scrotal necrosis after inoculation into the scrotal sac of rabbits; nonhemolytic isolates produced only mild transient testicular swelling.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Concentration of inactivated swine influenza virus by molecular filtration for use as a vaccine in gilts before and after breeding.

Inactivated swine influenza virus was concentrated by molecular filtration for use as a vaccine in gilts before and after breeding. The best serologic response followed the use of two 5 ml doses three weeks apart before breeding. Vaccination with two 5 ml doses two weeks apart after breeding did not result in as marked serologic response. All vaccinated gilts produced detectable hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Further observations on the characteristics of a bovine parainfluenza-3 variant.

Calves were inoculated with a bovine para-influenza-3 variant to determine its pathogenicity and the stability of its cytopathic feature and its inability to agglutinate chicken erythrocytes. The inoculated calves and one contact animal developed an immune response without significant clinical illness. The clinical response in calves was similar to that induced by the parent virus strain. The variant was shown to retain its characteristic cytopathic effect for Madin Darby bovine kidney cells and its property of hemagglutination following one passage in the natural host.

Animals↗