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Biomedical subjects

M E Nilsson

Publications and source records attributed to M E Nilsson.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

[The Stockholm project: drunken drivers are given supervision instead of prison sentences].

There is a need to compile a national database on drunken driving, since experience from other countries is not necessarily applicable to Swedish conditions. Legislation, drinking habits, and public attitudes to drinking and driving differ markedly from country to country. Since 1990, the driving licence unit of the Magnus Huss Clinic has been collaborating with a probation office unit of the National Prisons and Probation Administration and the Offender Aid Society on a non-institutional drunk driving program of at least one year's duration, often linked with several years' follow-up. The article outlines experience and results derived from this program. Among other things, blood alcohol content is questioned as an indicator of the severity of a drinking problem.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Sick certificates?].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Forms and Records Control↗
PubMed1989

Mobility of the upper esophageal sphincter in relation to the cervical spine: a morphologic study.

If the posterior part of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) were to lag behind due to the presence of dense tissue strands between the sphincter and the prevertebral ligament, as suggested in the literature, it would be impossible to use the larynx as a radiographic indicator of the location of the UES at intraluminal pressure measurements. The goal of this investigation was to study UES behavior during induced movements in autopsy specimens and to search for dense fibrous strands between the UES and the prevertebral fascia. Histologic studies of frozen sections and paraffin sections showed a loose fatty tissue in the prevertebral space. There were no dense connective tissue strands. Autopsy specimens were used in experiments mimicking the laryngeal/UES elevation during swallowing. The results of this study indicate that the larynx and the UES move as one entity. When one is attempting to register the UES movement during swallowing, the laryngeal skeleton can therefore serve as a radiographic indicator of the UES movements.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The location of the upper oesophageal sphincter and its behaviour during bolus propagation--a simultaneous cineradiographic and manometric investigation.

By means of simultaneous cineradiographic and manometric examinations using closely positioned microtransducers the maximal pressure of the upper oesophageal sphincter was found at a level 20 mm below the plane of the vocal folds and 6 mm above the level of the cricoid arch. The sum of these 2 distances is in accordance with the distance between the vocal fold level and the lower border of the cricoid arch given in the literature. This implies that the high pressure zone of the upper oesophageal sphincter corresponds to the pars fundiformis of the cricopharyngeus muscle. The lower part of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor and the upper circular muscle fibres of the oesophagus contribute to the sphincter. When the bolus approached the sphincter, the pressure decreased and during bolus passage the pressure was below or well below half of the resting pressure. The pressure profile disclosed no signs of muscular dyscoordination or discontinuity of the upper oesophageal sphincter.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Movement of the upper esophageal sphincter and a manometric device during deglutition. A cineradiographic investigation.

A cineradiographic examination of 9 healthy subjects showed asynchronous movement of a manometric device in relation to movement of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) during deglutition. A single sensor placed within the UES high pressure zone at rest registered pressures existing outside this zone during the major part of deglutition. The manometric device must therefore comprise at least three sensors placed at different levels and about 10 mm apart if consistent pressure recording within this zone is to be achieved. In order to evaluate the pressure profile within the sphincter adequately, cineradiographic determination of the orientation of the measuring device is necessary. This was made possible by insertion of two mutually perpendicular radiopaque indicators into the catheter.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The upper esophageal sphincter during normal deglutition. A simultaneous cineradiographic and manometric investigation.

The upper esophageal sphincter was studied during deglutition in 7 healthy subjects using simultaneous cineradiography and manometry. The pressure measuring device consisted of 3 sensors distally placed, and separated by 10 mm. They recorded pressure obliquely to the right at an angle of 15 to 45 degrees anteriorly. During the swallowing sequence a pressure sensor initially placed in the high pressure zone of the sphincter easily slid out of position due to asynchronous movements of the sphincter and the pressure measuring device. These movements can result in erroneous interpretation of pressure recordings. Continuous radiologic monitoring during the entire swallowing sequence thus seems to be mandatory. Immediately before the bolus entered the upper esophageal sphincter, the sphincter relaxed and low or even negative pressures were registered. When the bolus had passed onwards the sphincter contracted gradually, to resume its pre-swallow pressure.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The hypopharyngeal diverticulum. A simultaneous cineradiographic and manometric examination.

The upper esophageal sphincter (UES) was studied in 10 patients with symptomatic hypopharyngeal diverticulum during rest and at deglutition using simultaneous cineradiography and manometry by means of triple pressure microtransducers. In all 10, cineradiographic examinations were performed. Occurrence of double pressure peaks was examined in 8/10. In 7/10, the length and resting pressure of the UES could be determined. In 5/10, the UES pressure could be recorded when the bolus was in the pharynx and in 6/10 when it reached the UES. The pressure below the neck of the diverticulum at the time when the bolus reached the diverticular entrance, was of the same magnitude or exceeded the resting pressure of the UES in 4 patients and was approximately 0 kPa in 2 patients. In 3 patients the UES contraction was elicited as soon as the bolus entered the pharynx and remained so till it had passed the UES. In 3 patients the contrast bolus was seen to pass simultaneously into the diverticulum and into the esophagus, even though the sphincter was contracted. It is plausible that the pharyngeal wall gives way when a bolus is forced against the contracted UES by the high peristaltic pressure forming a pulsion diverticulum as postulated already by Zenker in 1878. Double pressure peaks were registered in the UES at rest in 6 patients indicating a split between the muscle bundles in the sphincter.

Aged↗