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Biomedical subjects

M E Reese

Publications and source records attributed to M E Reese.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Acquired cervical spine impairment in young adults with cerebral palsy.

Three patients with spastic cerebral palsy and no associated movement disorder--each of whom presented with loss of functional skills and delay in the definitive diagnosis of cervical myelopathy--are reported, in order to increase awareness of the possibility of cervical spine pathology in these adults. The possibility of myelopathy should be investigated when considering the etiology of functional deterioration. A functional neurological examination for all multiply disabled individuals is proposed as a reference for future comparison.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Symptomatic atlantoaxial instability associated with medical and rehabilitative procedures in children with Down syndrome.

The Canadian College of Medical Genetics recently questioned the rationale for radiographic screening for atlantoaxial instability in Down syndrome. We report a case series of four children with Down syndrome with symptomatic atlantoaxial instability and followed for more than 5 years. In all cases a medical or rehabilitational procedure was associated with significant apnea, cardiopulmonary compromise, or severe neurological impairments. None of these patients were screened radiographically. The need for protocols to detect atlantoaxial instability in children with Down syndrome undergoing medical and rehabilitational procedures is highlighted by these cases.

Atlanto-Axial Joint↗
PubMed1989

Albuterol treatment for children with asthma: a comparison of inhaled powder and aerosol.

A dose-ranging study and a 12-week treatment study were conducted in children with asthma, aged 4 to 12 years, to assess the efficacy and safety of albuterol inhaled as either an aerosol or as dry powder. Both studies were double-blind and placebo-controlled with randomized assignment to treatment. The dose-ranging study in 30 patients indicated that similar single doses of albuterol aerosol and powder had comparable effects with the intermediate doses (i.e., 180 micrograms of aerosol and 200 micrograms of powder) providing effective bronchodilation with minimal adverse effects. In the subsequent 12-week, parallel-group study, 204 children received albuterol as either aerosol, 180 micrograms, or powder, 200 micrograms four times a day. Both formulations were equally effective with no untoward cardiovascular effects and only one incident of mild tremor. Among those children who expressed a preference for one of the delivery systems, significantly more children preferred the powder (44% versus 26%, p less than 0.01). Albuterol taken four times a day as either aerosol or dry powder is both effective and well tolerated in children with asthma.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1989

Beclomethasone dipropionate aqueous nasal spray for seasonal allergic rhinitis in children.

A 3-week double-blind, parallel group study comparing the effectiveness and safety of an aqueous formulation of beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP-AQ) versus placebo was undertaken in 101 patients. Children aged 5 to 13 years with a diagnosis of seasonal allergic rhinitis received one spray in each nostril twice daily of either BDP-AQ (42 micrograms/spray) or an identical placebo spray. Patient assessment at the end of treatment indicated statistically significant improvement in nasal symptoms for BDP-AQ patients. The physicians overall evaluation of treatment indicated that the BDP-AQ-treated patients experienced significantly greater (P = .012) improvement as compared with placebo-treated patients. There was no difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two treatments. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of BDP-AQ nasal spray in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of inhaled albuterol powder and aerosol in asthma.

In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind study comparing the efficacy and safety of aerosolized albuterol with the dry powder formulation, 231 patients with chronic reversible obstructive airway disease were randomly allocated to receive either placebo albuterol aerosol followed immediately by active albuterol powder (200 micrograms) or active albuterol aerosol (two puffs, 180 micrograms) followed immediately by placebo lactose powder four times a day for a period of 12 weeks. No statistically significant differences were found between the powder and aerosol formulations with respect to pulmonary function, length of time mean FEV1 remained greater than or equal to 15% above baseline, physicians' assessments of patients' clinical response, or patients' subjective symptom scores. There were also no significant differences between treatment groups in cardiovascular effects, laboratory values, or adverse events. Among patients who expressed a preference for one of the delivery systems, half preferred using the powder. Results of this study demonstrate that 200 micrograms of albuterol powder is as safe and effective as 180 micrograms of albuterol aerosol.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1987

Efficacy of beclomethasone nasal solution, flunisolide, and cromolyn in relieving symptoms of ragweed allergy.

Although three effective topical treatments for allergic rhinitis are available, little information to assist the clinician in choosing among them has been reported. Therefore, we conducted a randomized clinical trial to compare beclomethasone nasal solution, flunisolide, and cromolyn with placebo in 120 patients with hay fever during the ragweed season of 1984. We found that all three agents were superior to placebo (P less than 0.001) and that the glucocorticoids were more effective than cromolyn (P less than 0.001). Surprisingly, we also found that these intranasal treatments considerably reduced the symptoms of seasonal asthma. Further study of this therapeutic advantage is needed.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1984

Effect of dietary vitamin E on nitrite-treated rats.

The effect of dietary vitamin E on cellular responses to nitrite was studied in rats. One-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a basal vitamin E-deficient diet with or without 100 ppm vitamin E and 1000 ppm sodium nitrite (NaNO2) for 9 weeks. In addition to a high mortality rate, nitrite-fed rats maintained on a vitamin E-deficient diet exhibited a marked increase in liver necrosis, tubular nephrosis and myodegeneration, as well as greater biochemical and hematological alterations when compared to the control animals. No animal mortality or histopathologic lesions in any tissues were observed in rats receiving a vitamin E-supplemented diet with or without nitrite. The results suggest that depletion of vitamin E renders rats more susceptible to the adverse effect of nitrite, and that nitrite administration potentiates deficiency of vitamin E in rats.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relative bioavailability of a controlled-release albuterol formulation for twice-daily use.

A two-way-crossover bioavailability study was completed with 15 healthy male volunteers to evaluate the relative bioavailability of an orally administered controlled-release (CR) formulation of albuterol as compared to the immediate-release (IR) formulation of albuterol. The CR formulation of albuterol used in this study was based mechanistically on the elementary osmotic pump. Each subject received one 8 mg CR tablet every 12 h for 8 consecutive days and one 4 mg IR tablet every 6 h for 8 consecutive days, with 7 days separating each phase. During day 8 of dosing, hourly blood samples (0-12 h) were collected after the morning dose and three additional samples were obtained 16, 20 and 24 h following this dose. Plasma concentrations were measured using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry procedure. No statistically significant differences were observed in mean steady-state values for Cmax, Cmin, AUC(0-12 h) and peak-to-trough fluctuations (PTF) in comparing the two dosage formulations. Mean steady state Tmax values were 2.6 and 6.0 h for the TR and CR formulations, respectively. It was concluded that twice daily administration of the controlled-release formulation of albuterol provides an alternative to four times daily administration of conventional (immediate-release) albuterol tablets.

Adult↗