Cryoglobulins in acute and chronic liver diseases.
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Acute Disease↗
Biomedical subjects
M E Roux
Publications and source records attributed to M E Roux.
Essential oils and low-intensity electromagnetic pulses in the treatment of androgen-dependent alopecia.
This double-blind randomized study vs placebo in healthy male and female volunteers demonstrates the positive biologic effect on hair loss and hair regrowth of a pulsed electromagnetic field in combination with essential oils administered according to a regular treatment schedule of 26 weeks. Mean hair count comparisons within the groups significantly favor the treatment group, which exhibited a decrease in hair loss in 83% of the volunteers and a more than 20% hair count increase over baseline in 53% of patients. The process exhibited no side effects or untoward reactions. The histologic examination correlated with the clinical study. A parallel immunohistochemical examination showed an increase in the proliferation index, and when the expression of Ki67 (a cell proliferation marker) is increased, the mitoses are barely visible in the histologic examination. The rationale of this phenomenon is considered to be due to an electrophysiologic effect on the quiescent hair follicle.
Adult↗
Developmental study of immunocompetent cells in the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) from Wistar rats.
The aim of the present report was to study in growing Wistar rats the development of immunocompetent cells in the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT). We found at day 4 postpartum, a high number of TCRgamma/delta+ T cells and very few CD8alpha+, CD8beta+, CD5+, TCRalpha/beta+ T cells in BALT. The latter cells and CD4+ T cells increase with age. Even though T cells expressing TCRgamma/delta outnumber those expressing TCRalpha/beta early in development, until 45 days of age, alpha/beta+ predominate over gamma/delta+ T cells only in adult rats (60 days of age). Moreover, a predominance of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells over T-helper cells was found in 60 days old rats. Surprisingly, more CD8alpha+ than CD8beta+ T cells in BALT are observed. The number of IgA+ B and CD4+ T cells found in the BALT increases with age. The early appearance - 4 days of age - of all T-cell phenotypes in BALT especially of gamma/delta+ T cells may imply a benefit to respond to inhaled antigen soon after birth.
Aging↗
Impairment of B and T cell maturation in gut associated lymphoid tissues due to malnutrition during lactation.
Previously we found that malnutrition during lactation in rats produces an impairment in the immune response to cholera toxin. In this report we found that malnutrition during lactation provokes in 28-day-old rats an increase of Thy1+ c mu+ cells in gut associated lymphoid tissues concomitantly with a decrease of sIgA+ B cells. No differences were found in the percentages of the IgM+ B cell populations. Furthermore, no differences were found in the Peyer's patch (PP) and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) T cell subsets in weaning rats when compared to controls. However, after 1 week of refeeding a higher percentage of the Thy1+ c mu- subset together with a lower percentage of CD5+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells, were found in malnourished rats when compared to controls. The above results may indicate that B-cell maturation is delayed in malnourished rats at two stages of differentiation: (a) in the passage of pre-B cells (Thy1+ c mu+) to immature B cells (s mu+), and (b) in the switch from s mu+ B cells to s alpha+ B cells. The decrease of CD5+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells together with an increase of the Thy1+ c mu- subset in gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) may indicate that T-cell maturation is also delayed. Results obtained at weaning may be due to an engraftment by maternal milk-derived lymphocytes in the pups.
Animals↗
Compartmentalisation between gut and lung mucosae in a model of secondary immunodeficiency: effect of thymomodulin.
UNLABELLED: Compartmentalisation of mucosal immune response seems to be the result mainly of the preferential migration of activated cells back to their inductive sites. The aim of this report was to demonstrate, in a model of secondary immunodeficiency in Wistar rats (severely protein deprived at weaning and refed with casein 20%; group R21), that the oral administration of Thymomodulin (group:R21TmB) has different effects on gut and BALT (Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue). Tissue sections (5 mu) were studied by immunohistochemistry 1). The oral administration of Thymomodulin restores only in gut Lamina propria (LP) the IgA B and CD4 T cell populations to control levels. The CD8a and CD25 subpopulations do not vary in gut as they return to control levels when refed with 20% casein diet. All the populations mentioned above remained decreased even after receiving Thymomodulin by the oral route. However, the same behaviour was observed for the TCR delta T cells that were decreased and return to normal levels in both mucosae by the effect of the immunomodulator; 2) when studying the iIEL (intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes) CD8 alpha, CD25 and TCR gamma delta T cells, that were increased in R21, return to control levels in R21TmB. In BALT intraepithelium CD8 alpha and CD25 T cells remained decreased, while only TCR gamma delta T cells (increased in R21) return to control values. CONCLUSIONS: 1) there exists a compartmentalisation between both mucosae, as T CD4+ and IgA B+ cells are restored by TmB only in gut; 2) only those iIEL involved in inflammation (CD8 alpha+/CD25+ and TCR gamma delta+/CD25+) are normalised by means of the Thymomodulin 3) however, in BALT,only TCR gamma delta+ T cells are restored 4) the oral administration of the present immunomodulator may be useful as a therapeutic agent, although the preferential survival in the tissue of initial stimulation is the major factor in the preferential distribution of activated cells.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
IgA B lymphocytes and subpopulations of T lymphocytes in the intestinal villi of immunodeficient Wistar rats.
The aim of this study is to characterize intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) and lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL), as well as IgA B cells in the intestinal villi of the small intestine of rats which were fed a protein free diet (PF) and of those which were refed a 20% casein diet for 21 days (R21). Age matched control groups are also analyzed. T cell subsets and IgA-B cells were studied in tissue sections by the immunofluorescence technique. Lamina propria (LP) of the small intestine of the PF group were almost devoid of IgA-B cells; in the R21 group, the number of IgA-B cells was significantly diminished, when compared to the control group. The number of LPL in R21 group was not significantly different from the control group. W3/25+ (CD4) IEL diminished significantly in the intestinal villi of R21 group, while OX8+ (CD8) and OX22+ (CD45R) IEL were significantly increased when compared to the control group. These results indicate that: 1) Protein deficiency provokes an impairment of IgA-B cell terminal differentiation. 2) There is repopulation of LP by T cells in the R21 group. 3) The increased number of OX8+ (CD8) and OX22+ (CD45R) IEL might permit induction of intestinal delayed type hypersensitivity, thereby abrogating oral tolerance of systemic delayed type hypersensitivity.
Aging↗
Detection of TdT-positive cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes of immunodeficient rats: study of their antigenic phenotype.
Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) containing cells were found in the mesenteric lymph nodes of protein deprived and casein re-fed rats. Double immunofluorescence was used to characterize these TdT+ cells according to their surface antigenic phenotype. TdT+ cells expressing T-cell antigen markers recognized by monoclonal antibodies: W3/13 and OX-19 indicated thymic origin. It was found that these cells represented half the existing TdT+ population in the mesenteric lymph nodes. The rest of them presented the Ia antigen which is coded for by the class II major histocompatibility complex and is recognized by the OX-6 mAb. TdT+ cells presenting the OX-6+ phenotype were ascribed to a bone marrow derived subset. These results indicate that, in some instances, i.e., immunodeficiency due to protein deprivation, TdT+ cells may appear in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Their origin may be attributed either to trafficking of immature cells from the thymus or to cells that leave the bone marrow as a consequence of the damage provoked by protein deprivation.
Animals↗
Effect of low-quality dietary protein on the thymus of growing rats.
The status of the thymus of growing rats fed for 45 days after weaning on a low-quality dietary protein (7.5% maize) was compared with that in an age-matched control group receiving a diet containing casein at the same concentration. At the end of the feeding period, body weight (bw) was determined and the thymus was removed; its weight and cell number and the mature T-cell population--characterized by the monoclonal antibody W3/13 using the indirect immunofluorescence technique--were determined. Thymus weight expressed as mg/bw0.75 (3.9 +/- 0.75 vs 7.7 +/- 2.0), cell number (4.4 +/- 2.2 vs 26.3 +/- 7.6), and the absolute number of W3/13+ T cells (1.59 +/- 0.75 vs 17.8 +/- 5.4) were significantly lower (p less than 0.0005) in the experimental group than in the control group. The results suggest severe atrophy of the thymus of weaning animals chronically fed a low-quality protein.
Animals↗
[Cryoglobulins in connective tissue diseases].
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Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
Long term effects of malnutrition during lactation on GALT.
In this report we present data that help to define the impact of malnutrition during the suckling period on the gut associated lymphoid tissues (GALT). Fifty-day old rats malnourished during lactation presented a diminished percentage of s alpha +B cells and IgA level in the intestinal fluid. Also, a decrease in the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets was found. At 120 days of age the percentage of s alpha +B cells and IgA level in the intestinal fluid was similar to the control. However, the percentage of T cells remained altered. When three doses of chorea toxin were administered orally since day 28, the IgA anti CT antibodies were diminished in the intestinal fluid, while the immunization schedule started after seven days of refeeding (28 days of age). This impairment of the immune response remained even after a CT booster was given to animals 113 days old. This diminishing in the CD4+ T cells may be the major cause of the nonresponsiveness described herewith.
Animals↗