Biomedical subjects

M Eagle

Publications and source records attributed to M Eagle.

15 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1997

Attachment and psychoanalysis.

This paper examines the relationship between certain aspects of attachment theory and psychoanalytic theories and practice. The specific issues discussed include the relative roles of 'real' external events 'versus' an individual's constitution and temperament in shaping an individual's internal working model; the relationship between attachment and sexuality; conceptions of factors that maintain maladaptive behaviour, including the intergenerational transmission of maladaptive patterns; assessment of attachment status as determined by responses to the Adult Attachment Interview; an understanding of the therapeutic situation in terms of the attachment concepts of secure base and exploration; the relative roles of secure base and exploration in dealing with different kinds of pathology; and finally, the degree to which attachment research and theory serves as a model for the meaningful study of complex human behaviour in a relatively rigorous manner.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Contributions of Erik Erikson.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

China↗

PubMed1995

Media influence on parasuicide. A study of the effects of a television drama portrayal of paracetamol self-poisoning.

BACKGROUND: Paracetamol self-poisoning, which carries a significant risk of fatal liver damage, is increasing in the UK, especially among adolescents. There is concern that media portrayal of suicidal behaviour may influence its occurrence. We have investigated the effects of two broadcasts of a television drama showing a teenage girl's overdose of paracetamol. METHOD: Data from the Oxford Monitoring System for Attempted Suicide were used to examine changes in the number of overdoses and the use of paracetamol in the three week period before and after both broadcasts. An analysis of log-linear models was carried out, using additional data from two previous years, in order to control for the effects of gender, age group, time period, season, year and drug. A questionnaire was used to ascertain whether the programme had influenced patients' decisions to take an overdose or their choice of drug. RESULTS: An increase in paracetamol overdoses occurred following the first broadcast, but when data from the two previous years were examined and the log-linear analysis was used there was no evidence of significant effects attributable to the broadcasts. The questionnaire study revealed that very few people had seen either episode, and only two claimed that it had influenced them (one in terms of getting help). CONCLUSIONS: It is important to use sound methodology to avoid interpreting chance fluctuations as a media effect. The potential positive benefits of such programmes should also be investigated.

Acetaminophen↗

PubMed1993

Comparison of cognitive-behavioral and supportive-expressive therapy for bulimia nervosa.

OBJECTIVE: The authors compared the effectiveness of 4 months (18 sessions) of cognitive-behavioral and supportive-expressive therapy for bulimia. METHOD: Sixty patients obtained from clinical referrals to an eating disorders program who met modified DSM-III-R criteria for bulimia nervosa were randomly assigned to the two conditions. Treatments were delivered in an individual format, on an outpatient basis, by experienced therapists using treatment manuals. The primary outcome measures were self-induced vomiting, binge eating, and attitudes toward body weight and shape, which were assessed by self-report and structured interview. RESULTS: Fifty patients completed treatment, 25 in each condition. Both treatments led to significant improvements in specific eating disorder symptoms and in psychosocial disturbances. Supportive-expressive therapy was just as effective as cognitive-behavioral therapy in reducing binge eating. Where treatment differences were found, they favored cognitive-behavioral therapy. Cognitive-behavioral therapy was marginally superior in reducing the frequency of self-induced vomiting; 36% of the patients who received cognitive-behavioral therapy and 12% of those who received supportive-expressive therapy abstained from vomiting in the last month of treatment. Cognitive-behavioral therapy was significantly more effective in ameloriating disturbed attitudes toward eating and weight, depression, poor self-esteem, general psychological distress, and certain personality traits. CONCLUSIONS: These results moderately favor cognitive-behavioral therapy over supportive-expressive therapy for bulimia nervosa, but follow-up is required to determine the durability of outcome with both modalities. The findings must be interpreted with caution since the selected clinical sample in this study may not represent the bulimia nervosa population.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

The role of deployment of attention in the overlearning reversal effect (ORE) with aggressive and nonaggressive stimuli.

The study elucidated the role of deployment of attention in the appearance and magnitude of the overlearning reversal effect (ORE) with simultaneously occurring aggressive and neutral stimulus dimensions in a discrimination reversal-shift paradigm with 60 undergraduate college students. Confirming expectations, significantly larger overlearning reversal effect (ORE) was produced on the number of instrumental response errors and verbalized attentional errors with the less complex and less salient neutral, relevant-stimulus dimension. The findings that greater ORE, as reflected in attentional errors, was observed with the less salient but also less complex neutral stimulus dimension support the attentional explanations of the ORE phenomenon. These results contrast with those observed with traditional geometric stimulus material where greater complexity is associated with greater ORE.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Efficacy of a brief group psychoeducational intervention for bulimia nervosa.

This study compared a brief group treatment that was designed to be purely educational (ED) with a longer course of individual cognitive-behavioural (CB) therapy intended to represent more standard clinical care. Participants were 65 women who sought treatment at Toronto General Hospital, met DSM-III criteria for bulimia nervosa at a normal weight and reported vomiting at least twice weekly. Results indicated that the CB treatment, as expected, was generally more effective than the ED intervention, but on several important outcome indices both treatments appeared to be equally effective for the healthiest 25-45% of the sample. The more intensive individual CB treatment was associated with greater improvement in patients who were more severely symptomatic. However, the ED intervention proved significantly more cost-effective and it was suggested that a sequential treatment program might achieve the superior benefits associated with the longer individual CB treatment at a reduced cost.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1980