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Biomedical subjects

M Elman

Publications and source records attributed to M Elman.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Biological and clinical aspects in laser hair removal.

INTRODUCTION: In the past century, unwanted hair has been traditionally treated with multitudes of techniques that were found to be slow, tedious, painful, impractical, and resulted in poor long-term efficacy. Consequently, there has been a public demand for a novel, rapid, reliable, safe, and affordable hair removal technique. In the last decade, laser and light-based technology for hair removal became one of the fastest growing procedures in modern cosmetic dermatology. OBJECTIVE: To discuss the latest scientific and clinical issues in the field of photoepilation as evolved in the past decade: hair biology, laser physics and skin optics, technology and clinical experience. RESULTS: From substantial clinical experience, it becomes apparent that in the ideal subject with fair skin and dark hair, a single treatment can reduce hair by 10-40%; three treatments by 30-70%; and repeated treatments by as much as 90%. These results persist for as long as 12 months. Diffuse and perifollicular cutaneous erythema and pigmentary changes are the most common adverse side effects. Most complications are generally temporary. CONCLUSIONS: Photoepilation, when properly used, offers clear advantages when compared with older, traditional techniques. Although an ever-increasing number of published studies have confirmed the safety and short and long-term efficacy of photoepilation, the technology still has limits and risks.

Hair Follicle↗
PubMed2000

Dark skin tissue reaction in laser assisted hair removal with a long-pulse ruby laser.

BACKGROUND: Photo-epilation has become an accepted modality for the removal of unwanted hair. However, adverse effects may occur in darker skin patients. Treatment with the ruby laser is generally advised for skin types I-III. Treatment of over 3000 patients (skin types I-III) in our clinic has resulted in a minimal percentage (approximately 3%) of adverse effects. Increasing pulse duration should allow the epidermis to cool and thus minimize thermal damage so that treatment can be extended to dark skin patients. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of our study was to compare tissue reaction in dark skin patients (skin type IV) after treatment with a long-pulse (20 msec) ruby laser and compare the reaction with a 1 msec ruby laser treatment. RESULTS: Hair removal efficacy was determined to be similar with both pulse durations, but tissue reaction was more severe, including eschar and hypopigmentation, following treatment of dark skin patients with the 1 msec protocol. Increasing the pulse duration to 20 msec appears to result in safe and efficacious ruby laser treatment even for darker skinned patients.

Hair Removal↗
PubMed1997

Laser-assisted hair removal by selective photothermolysis. Preliminary results.

BACKGROUND: Laser-assisted hair removal with the long pulsed ruby laser is a promising new technique based on selectively targeting melanin in hair follicles. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the long pulsed ruby laser (EpiTouch) for hair removal. METHODS: The Epitouch laser was used for hair removal of the arms of 20 patients. The areas were evaluated immediately post-treatment, and at 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, for efficacy and complications. RESULTS: Postoperative results showed 40-80% regrowth after 12 weeks. CONCLUSION: Selective melanin-based photothermolysis with a free running pulsed ruby laser seems to be a promising, noninvasive technique for long-term hair removal. More than one treatment is necessary since only anagen hair will be affected.

Hair Removal↗
PubMed1996

Visual field loss following vitreous surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To assess possible causes of visual field loss following vitreous surgery. DESIGN: Charts of 8 patients prospectively identified, who developed visual field loss following vitreous surgery, were reviewed to characterize this newly recognized syndrome and assess possible causes. RESULTS: Two patients had preexisting chronic open-angle glaucoma and 1 had ocular hypertension. Indications for surgery included 4 eyes with macular holes, 1 eye with epiretinal membrane, 2 eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, and 1 eye with retinal detachment and giant retinal tear. All patients received retrobulbar anesthesia. Seven of 8 patients had fluid/gas exchange with installation of long-acting bubbles. In 1 patient with a macular hole, a small hemorrhage was noted along a vessel coming off the nerve superotemporally while attempting to engage the posterior cortical vitreous intraoperatively. This patient developed an inferior visual field defect. No intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements greater than 26 mm Hg were recorded in any eye perioperatively. Visual field defects included 4 eyes with inferotemporal defects, 2 eyes with inferior altitudinal defects, 1 eye with a cecocentral scotoma, and 1 eye with a superonasal defect. Only 1 patient had worsened visual acuity. A relative afferent pupillary defect was observed in 4 eyes and disc pallor in 5 eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Central or peripheral visual field loss can now be recognized as a possible complication of vitreous surgery. In some cases, a relative afferent pupillary defect and optic disc pallor are present, suggesting that the optic nerve is the site of injury. Possible mechanisms include ischemia due to elevated IOP or fluctuations in IOP, optic nerve damage from retrobulbar injection, direct intraoperative mechanical trauma to the optic nerve, indirect injury from vigorous suction near the optic nerve leading to shearing of peripapillary axons or vessels, or a combination of these. Certain optic nerves may be more susceptible to injury because of preexisting compromise from glaucoma or vascular disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Causes of pediatric eye injuries. A population-based study.

Eye injuries are an important cause of ocular morbidity in children. We conducted a population-based study of eye injuries requiring hospital admission for children younger than 16 years in the state of Maryland during the 1982 calendar year. The population-based estimate of the incidence of ocular trauma in Maryland children was 15.2 per 100,000 per year (95% confidence interval, 12.8 to 17.7). Male patients outnumbered female patients as victims of eye injuries by a ratio of approximately 4:1; eye injuries in 11- to 15-year-old children occurred at more than twice the rate than for younger children. The most common cause of pediatric ocular trauma was accidental blows and falls (37%). Sports and recreational activities accounted for 27% of all eye injuries, 39% of all nonpenetrating injuries, and 40% of all injuries in 11- to 15-year-old children. A comparison of the causes of eye injuries at statewide specialty trauma centers and community-based hospitals indicated that sports-related injuries were treated at general hospitals more than 10 times more frequently than at the trauma centers. Other important causes of eye injuries were burns (9%), car crashes (11%), and nonpowder firearm accidents (4%). We conclude that the majority of pediatric eye injuries are preventable, and that the implementation of well-established safety precautions would greatly reduce this source of visual disability in our nation's children.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1989

Atenolol-induced cutaneous vasculitis.

We present a case of cutaneous vasculitis apparently due to an adverse reaction to atenolol. The causal relationship between the drug and the eruption was based mainly on circumstantial evidence. It has been further strengthened by positive results of the indirect rat mast cell degranulation test. The number of published cases of reaction to atenolol is limited. Cutaneous vasculitis has, to the best of our knowledge, never been reported as an adverse reaction to atenolol, although it is not a rare side effect of other beta blocker drugs including propranolol and practolol. Atenolol should be added to the list of beta blocker medications that may produce cutaneous vasculitis.

Atenolol↗
PubMed1987

Dorfman-Chanarin syndrome. A case report and a review.

Dorfman-Chanarin syndrome in two sisters of Jewish Iraqi origin is reported. This heritable disorder of the metabolism of neutral lipids was manifested by congenital ichthyosis, vacuoles in the leukocytes, and variable involvement of liver, muscle, central nervous system, and the auditory system. In two asymptomatic members of the family leukocyte vacuoles were found as the only sign of the syndrome. Clinical, pathologic, ultrastructural, and biochemical findings are described. Previous reported cases are reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Sex-typing of play and psychological adjustment in young children: an empirical investigation.

Traditional assumptions that sex-role conformity is positively related to psychological adjustment in young children have not, to date, been examined empirically. Seventy-four preschool children, 37 boys and 37 girls aged 3 to 5, were observed over a 3-month period to determine their frequency of play in male and female sex-typed activities during the freeplay period in their classrooms. Teacher ratings on the Kohn and Rosman Symptom Checklist and Social Competence Scale were correlated with individuals' rates of play in male and female preferred activities (M and F scales, respectively). Results indicated that boys' play with male-preferred toys was related to high scores on the "aggression/defiance" dimension of the Symptom Checklist, while boys who scored highly on play in female-preferred activities received high scores on the Social Competence dimension labeled "conforming to classroom rules." For girls, play with male-preferred toys was negatively related to the "apathy/withdrawal" dimension of the Symptom Checklist. These results do not confirm the hypothesis that sex-typed behavior is positively related to adjustment, and they suggest that for both sexes, play in opposite sex-typed activities may contribute positively to children's social and academic functioning in the classroom.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1975

Effect of long-term treatment of hyperactive children with methylphenidate.

SUMMARY: Three groups of hyperactive children were compared by various measures of outcome 5 years after initial evaluation: 24 who were treated with methylphenidate for 3 to 5 years during the follow-up period, 22 treated with chlorpromazine for 18 months to 5 years, and 20 who had received no medication during the follow-up period. The three groups were matched with respect to age, IQ, socioeconomic class and sex. No statistically significant differences were found between the three groups on the following measures of outcome: emotional adjustment, delinquency, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Bender Gestalt visual-motor test and academic performance (as measured by number of grades failed). Initially there was a significant difference between the three groups on ratings of hyperactivity and family diagnosis. Hyperactivity scores decreased significantly over the 5 years; family diagnosis ratings changed little. Analysis of covariance for these two measures showed no difference in degree of improvement between the three groups. Our impression was that methylphenidate was helpful in making hyperactive children more manageable at home and at school, but did not significantly affect their outcome after 5 years of treatment.

Child↗