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Biomedical subjects

M Essig

Publications and source records attributed to M Essig.

132 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Kimura's disease associated with extracapillary glomerulonephritis].

BACKGROUND: Kimura's disease is a rare and benign chronic inflammatory soft-tissue disorder of unknown origin. Most cases involve young Asian males. The typical presentation consists of painless papules or nodules with a predilection for the head and neck region, associated with lymphadenopathy, parotid gland involvement, peripheral blood eosinophilia and raised immunoglobulin E. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A 49-year-old Mauritian man was hospitalized for nephrotic syndrome. Examination revealed a painless 3 cm nodule in the left pre-auricular region and multiple enlarged left cervical lymph nodes. Histopathologic examination of a nodule confirmed the diagnosis of Kimura's disease, which was associated with necrotic extracapillary glomerulonephritis. Corticosteroids were initiated, resulting in rapid improvement of renal function and partial regression of the patient's cutaneous nodules and lymph node disorder. DISCUSSION: Renal manifestations are the only visceral localization of Kimura's disease, and proteinuria is seen in 12% of cases, of which 50% are accompanied by nephrotic syndrome. Many different histologic types of renal involvement may be observed with potentially severe lesions. To our knowledge, this is the first case of Kimura's disease associated with extracapillary glomerulonephritis.

Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cerebral changes and cerebrospinal fluid beta-amyloid in Alzheimer's disease: a study with quantitative magnetic resonance imaging.

Pathological and biochemical studies indicate that beta-amyloid (betaA4) deposition is a hallmark in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neuroimaging studies demonstrate that the respective cerebral changes primarily strike the temporal lobe and the amygdala-hippocampus complex and may be reliably assessed using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Therefore one may expect that reduced betaA4-levels are significantly correlated with measures of the temporal lobe rather than global cerebral atrophy in AD patients. To test this hypothesis in a clinical study, cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of total betaA4 and its major C-terminal variations betaA4 1-40 and betaA4 1-42 were compared with cerebral changes as assessed by quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Significantly (P< 0.05) reduced betaA4 1-40 and betaA4 1-42 levels were found in the AD patients (17 female; six male; AD/NINCDS-ADRDA-criteria) in comparison to the patients with major depression (seven female; two male; DSM-III-R). Within the AD group, betaA4 and betaA4 1-42 levels were significantly correlated with the volume of the temporal lobes (r= 0.46 and r= 0.48, respectively) but none of the other volumetric measures. These findings indicate that changes in cerebral betaA4 levels contribute to temporal lobe atrophy in AD and support the possibility that betaA4 is central to the etiology of AD.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Staging of invasive cervical carcinoma and of pelvic lymph nodes by high resolution MRI with a phased-array coil in comparison with pathological findings.

PURPOSE: Our goal was to stage invasive cervical carcinoma (pT1b-pT4a) and pelvic lymph nodes by high resolution MRI with a circularly polarized (cp) phased-array coil in correlation with the whole-mount specimen and the histopathological findings. METHOD: Thirty-three patients (20-68 years old; mean age 55 years) with biopsy-proven primary cancer of the cervix were prospectively examined on a 1.5 T scanner by using a cp body phased-array coil. The MR protocol consisted of high resolution T2-weighted turbo-SE (TSE) and pre- and postcontrast T1-weighted SE (SE) sequences. Slice thickness was 5-7 mm with a pixel size of 0.3-0.4 mm2. All MRI findings were matched to the whole-mount specimens and the histopathological findings. RESULTS: Pathological stages evaluated were pT1b (n = 5), pT2b (n = 16), and pT4a (n = 12). The overall accuracy rates for tumor staging were 79% for high resolution T2-weighted TSE and 76% for postcontrast T1-weighted SE images. The accuracy for high resolution T2-weighted TSE images in determining parametrial infiltration, pelvic side wall, and bladder and rectal wall infiltration was 84, 87, and 87%, respectively. In prospective analysis of the 1.0 cm criterion for diagnosis of a positive pelvic lymph node, MRI had a 72% accuracy, a 68% sensitivity, and a 78% specificity. CONCLUSION: High resolution MRI with a cp body phased-array coil provides excellent and robust high resolution images in patients with invasive cervical carcinoma. However, accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity for staging invasive cervical carcinoma and pelvic lymph nodes with correlation to whole-mount specimens and histopathological findings did not improve compared with the results in the literature using a body coil with thicker slices and a lower spatial resolution.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vivo quantification of brain volumes in subcortical vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. An MRI-based study.

Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to assess global and regional cerebral volumes in patients with a clinical diagnosis of subcortical vascular dementia (VD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Whole brain volume, cerebrospinal fluid volume, volumes of the temporal, frontal and parietal lobes, the cerebellum and the amygdala-hippocampus complex were determined using a personal computer-based software. Seventeen patients with VD, 22 patients with AD and 13 healthy controls were included. Analysis of covariance using age as covariate demonstrated significant mean differences between controls and dementia groups with respect to all morphological parameters. However, apart from the volume of the cerebellum no significant volumetric differences were found between VD and AD. These results indicate that MRI-based volumetry allows differentiation between AD or VD from normal controls and that measurement of cerebellar volume may be of use to separate vascular and degenerative dementia. However, since the distribution of cerebral atrophy in both dementia groups is very similar, it is suggested that the atrophic changes are not specific to the underlying cause but rather reflect the selective vulnerability of neuronal structures.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Inhibitors of HMG CoA reductase: new modes of action, new indications?].

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, or statins, are hypocholesterolaemic agents used in the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia and cardiovascular diseases. Their hypocholesterolaemic action results from the inhibition of the intracellular synthesis of cholesterol via the mevalonate pathway. Recent studies have demonstrated that cholesterol is not the only intracellular target of statins. Indeed, statins have been shown to inhibit protein isoprenylation, a post-translational modification involved in membrane localization and protein activity. By inhibiting isoprenylation of Ras protein, statins induce the inhibition of the Ras-AP1 pathway and the decrease in cell proliferation. Similarly, inhibition of Rho protein insoprenylation leads to the disorganization of the cytoskeleton and the induction of the fibrinolytic system. All these effects need to be confirmed in vivo and in the human, and open new areas for these therapeutics agents.

Anticholesteremic Agents↗