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Biomedical subjects

M Eugène

Publications and source records attributed to M Eugène.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Use of the SCOT solution in kidney transplantation: preliminary report.

SUBJECT: This article reports preliminary findings relating to the use of a new preservation solution, the Solution de Conservation des Organes et des Tissus (SCOT), in renal transplantation. This fourth-generation solution combines an extracellular-like composition with 20 kDa polyethylene-glycol, known for its cell-protection capacity and immunocamouflage properties. METHODS: We have reported preliminary data obtained in 29 transplantations (25 cadaveric donors and 4 living related donors) between December 2004 and November 2005. The SCOT solution was used for both in situ flush and static preservation. We compared primary organ nonfunction and delayed graft function rates as well as blood creatinine levels in recipients of grafts processed with SCOT solution, versus University of Wisconsin solution (paired for age with the previous group) and with EuroCollins solution (historic data). RESULTS: We observed delayed graft-function in 10% of the SCOT-processed group, 14% in the University of Wisconsin solution group, and 23% of the EuroCollins group. No case of primary organ nonfunction was reported. Creatinine levels in both SCOT and University of Wisconsin solution groups were similar. We did not observe any humoral or cellular graft rejection in the first 3 months after transplantation. In light of these preliminary results, the use of SCOT is safe for kidney preservation in the human setting. Further experience is warranted to assess the clinical consequences of its immunocamouflage properties as described in animal models.

Adenosine↗
PubMed2001

Rapid diagnosis of alcoholic ketoacidosis by proton NMR.

In alcoholic patients, metabolic acidosis can be related to lactate acidosis associated with sepsis or thiamine deficiency, ketoacidosis, methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning. High resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) can be used to detect abnormal organic acid metabolites in urine or serum from patients with various metabolic disorders. In the present case, a 26-year-old patient was admitted for a coma associated with severe metabolic acidosis. Alcoholic ketoacidosis (AKA) was identified by urine proton NMR. Her metabolic disorders rapidly improved. Persisting associated neurological alteration was related to extrapontine myelinolysis as shown by imaging cerebral NMR.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1998

Attempts to feed Amblyomma variegatum ticks on artificial membranes.

Feeding jars were used to feed nymphs of Amblyomma variegatum on blood of goats or cattle. Sterile blood was collected daily or weekly (kept at 4 degrees C or frozen until use), with addition either of heparin alone or of heparin and antibiotics/fungicide or of heparin, adenosine triphosphate and glutathione. Membranes were made of a thin (0.12-0.32 mm) film of silicone mastic. Blood in the jars was replaced twice a day, and reached a temperature of 39 degrees C in a waterbath before it became available to the ticks. Attachment of nymphs was stimulated by dropping on the membrane fresh goat hair and squamae collected close to prefed males, skin washing and natural pheromone extracts. Using these devices, attachment of nymphs is rapid and intense (68%). Their body mass when engorged and the molting success, were lower than that of naturally fed ticks. Furthermore, the proportion of engorging ticks was usually much less and the length of the blood meal was much longer than of naturally fed ticks. The best results were obtained with fresh goat blood or cattle blood with antibiotics. Further developments are needed before this method can be used routinely.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Cryopreserved aortic allograft replacement of infected prosthetic grafts in man: processing and clinical results.

Aortic allografts preserved at 4 degrees C have been used successfully for the replacement of infected prosthetic grafts, but have a limited storage duration and this does not allow for rigourous security of the allograft. Original cryopreservation protocol has been developed, characterized by the use of polyethylene glycol 20,000 30 g/l associated with 12.5% DMSO, high concentration of antibiotics (lincomycin 300 mg/l, vancomycin 125 mg/l), controlled freezing rate, and storage in the vapour phase of liquid nitrogen (-150 degrees C). Cryopreserved arterial allografts were used for the replacement of infected prostheses in 22 patients. In 2 patients, allograft-related dysfunction was observed, 3 patients died in the early postoperative period from non-allograft-related causes, and, 17 patients were cured of infection without any dysfunction of the allograft. These results are comparable to replacement by fresh allograft, but cryopreservation allows for better microbiological security, long-term storage, and, thus, better management of the available allografts.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Treatment of vascular graft infection by in situ replacement with cryopreserved aortic allografts: an experimental study.

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to prove the efficacy of cryopreserved aortic allografts to treat an established vascular graft infection by in situ replacement in an animal model and to evaluate the role of the antibiotics normally used to decontaminate the allografts. METHODS: Twenty-three dogs underwent infrarenal aortic replacement with a gelatin-sealed knitted polyester graft contaminated in vitro by Staphylococcus epidermidis RP-62. One week later, the 18 surviving animals underwent reoperation for graft removal and were randomized into three groups for in situ replacement: group I (control, n = 6) received a new gelatin-sealed graft; group II (n = 6) received a non-antibiotic-treated cryopreserved allograft; and group III (n = 6) received an antibiotic-treated cryopreserved allograft. Control grafts and allografts were removed 4 weeks after the initial intervention for quantitative bacteriologic analysis and histologic analysis. Bacteriologic results were expressed as colony-forming units per square centimeter of graft material. Qualitative bacteriologic analysis was also obtained from perigraft fluid and tissue. RESULTS: All of the initially implanted grafts and all of the control grafts (group I) were infected at the time of removal. In group II, three out of six allografts were not totally incorporated, whereas in group III incorporation was always complete, with a significantly decreased inflammatory reaction. All of the antibiotic-treated allografts were sterile, whereas three untreated allografts grew bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: In this model, cryopreserved aortic allografts were more resistant to reinfection than synthetic grafts after in situ replacement of an infected prosthetic graft. However, the antibiotic loading of the cryopreserved aortic allograft appears to be essential to obtain optimal therapeutic effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Diagnosis of "fish odor syndrome" by urine nuclear magnetic resonance proton spectrometry].

BACKGROUND: Trimethylaminuia is an unusual observation, often termed fish odor syndrome. The condition results from reduced ability to oxidize trimethylamine (TMA), which has a fishy odor, into odorless trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). METHOD: Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used as a simple and rapid method to detect TMA and TMAO in the same urine sample without pretreatment. Subjects were considered to have deficient N-oxidation of TMA if the TMAO/TMA ratio was greater than 80 p. 100 (heterozygous) or 65 p. 100 (homozygous). DISCUSSION: Direct proton RRS analysis of urine is well suited for diagnosis of fish odor syndrome. It can be used to detect heterozygous patients and also provides an easily implemented follow-up tool.

Genetic Carrier Screening↗
PubMed1997

Lipid signals detected by NMR proton spectroscopy of whole cells are not correlated to lipid droplets evidenced by the Nile red staining.

Nile red staining was used to detect lipid droplets in the K562 cell line sensitive and resistant to adriamycin and their resistance-reversing counterparts. The staining obtained was compared to the intensity of lipid signal detected in proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. From the four cell lines used, a lack of correlation was observed between the NMR signal and the Nile red staining. For example, the sensitive K562 cells, with the highest level of NMR signals, showed only few cells containing lipid droplets. We concluded that is lipid droplets can participate to lipid signal in NMR spectra, other lipids must also participate to these resonance.

Doxorubicin↗
PubMed1996

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals cellular lipids involved in resistance to adriamycin and taxol by the K562 leukemia cell line.

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed on whole cells to study lipids and metabolites in Adriamycin- and Taxol-resistant K562 cells expressing multidrug resistance (MDR) and their sensitive counterparts. With one-dimensional spectra, both resistant cell lines showed lower fatty acid methylene:methyl ratios and higher choline:methyl ratios than sensitive cells. Using two-dimensional COSY spectra, a decrease in the glutamine content was evidenced in resistant cells. When these cells were maintained in culture medium without the drug, the fatty acid signals were partially recovered. Adriamycin-resistant K562 cells were also treated for 4 days with a high dose of verapamil, a MDR-reversing agent. The nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of verapamil-treated cells also showed partial recovery of fatty acid signals. These results could be paralleled with the reversion of the resistant phenotype, as evidenced by measuring the inhibiting concentration of Adriamycin and vinblastine in K562adr cells cultured without the drug or after short-term exposure to verapamil. Conversely, P-glycoprotein and mRNA expression and DNA amplification of the mdr gene were not modified when compared to resistant cells, suggesting that the MDR phenotype could be partially reversed independently of the mdr gene amplification and expression. These results demonstrate the role of lipids in the resistance phenomenon.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
PubMed1995

pH regulation during ischaemia-reperfusion of isolated rat hearts, and metabolic effects of 2,3-butanedione monoxime.

We investigated changes in pHi during ischaemia-reperfusion of isolated rat hearts using phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P NMR). Hearts were separated into three groups according to the perfusion buffer: bicarbonate-buffered Krebs solution, HEPES-buffered Krebs solution, or bicarbonate-buffered Krebs solution plus 10(-6) M 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride (EIPA). In HEPES buffer and in bicarbonate buffer plus EIPA, pH at the end of 30 min of ischaemia and pH oscillations observed during early reperfusion were lower than in bicarbonate buffer. Thus, the presence of two pH regulation mechanisms (Na(+)-H+ antiport and Na(+)-HCO3- symport) was confirmed in the isolated rat heart, while in HEPES buffer, pH was regulated by Na(+)-H+ antiport, and in bicarbonate buffer plus EIPA, by Na(+)-HCO3- symport. When cardiac contraction was inhibited by 10 mM 2, 3-butanedione 2-monoxime (BDM), we observed, in all cases, a less pronounced decrease in pHi at the end of ischaemia, and in pHi oscillations at the onset of reperfusion. These effects were similar to those observed with 150 x 10(-8) M verapamil and might thus be related to a decrease in intracellular calcium. However, with BDM, a greater reduction in the pH recovery rate was observed only in HEPES buffer, suggesting a possible phosphatase-like effect affecting the Na(+)-H+ exchange. Whatever the buffer used, the protective effect of BDM was reflected by an increase in the rate pressure product, which was not observed with verapamil.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1994

Evaluation of postnatal renal function in fetuses with bilateral obstructive uropathies by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

OBJECTIVES: To precisely evaluate fetal renal function in cases of bilateral fetal urinary tract obstruction, we analyzed fetal urine metabolites by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. STUDY DESIGN: Fifty-six specimens of fetal urine samples in utero were retrospectively analyzed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance. Group 1 (n = 21) consisted of survivors for > or = 1 year with normal serum creatinine (< 50 mumol/L), for group 2 (n = 17) of survivors with abnormal serum creatinine (> 50 mumol/L), and group 3 (n = 18) of those with bilateral histologic dysplasia associated with fetal (termination of pregnancy) or neonatal death. RESULTS: A specific nuclear magnetic resonance profile was obtained for each of the three groups of renal function. A two-dimensional representation of alanine-valine and valine-threonine concentrations allows clear differentiation between the three degrees of renal function, with a sensitivity and specificity of 88% and 86%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In fetal bilateral urinary tract obstruction a fetal urine nuclear magnetic resonance profile allows an accurate identification of renal function at birth.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1993

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of urine and plasma in renal transplantation follow-up.

Urine and plasma samples from 39 patients who underwent renal transplantation were analyzed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The most relevant resonances for evaluating renal function after transplantation were those arising from citrate, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), alanine, and lactate when compared to creatinine. A resonance at 3.7 ppm was related to cyclosporine toxicity when associated with elevated levels of TMAO. The respective variations in these metabolites in urine could contribute to prognosis and diagnosis of renal function impairment related to cyclosporine toxicity or overdosage, or to rejection. Thus, NMR spectroscopy should improve the follow-up and management of renal transplantation patients.

Alanine↗
PubMed1992

Cell and membrane lipid analysis by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in five breast cancer cell lines.

The lipid composition of five human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, T47D, ZR-75-1, SKBR3 and MDA-MB231) was assessed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in whole cells and membrane-enriched fractions. The proportions of the three main lipid resonances in 1D spectra were different for each cell line. These resonances included mobile methyl and methylene functions from fatty acids of triglycerides and phospholipids and N-trimethyl from choline of phospholipids. T47D and ZR-75-1 cells presented a high methylene/methyl ratio (6.02 +/- 0.35 and 6.28 +/- 0.90). This ratio was significantly lower for SKBR3, MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 cells (2.76 +/- 0.22, 2.27 +/- 0.57 and 1.39 +/- 0.39). The N-trimethyl/methyl ratio was high for MDA-MB231 and SKBR3 cells (1.38 +/- 0.54 and 0.86 +/- 0.32), but lower for MCF-7, T47D and ZR-75-1 cells (0.49 +/- 0.11, 0.16 +/- 0.07 and 0.07 +/- 0.03). 2D COSY spectra confirmed these different proportions in mobile lipids. From 1D spectra obtained on membrane preparations, T47D and ZR-75-1 were the only cell lines to retain a signal from mobile methylene functions. These differences might be related to the heterogeneity found for several parameters of these cells (tumorigenicity, growth rate, hormone receptors); an extended number of cases from fresh samples might enable clinical correlations.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

False-positive HIV antigens related to emergence of a 25-30 kD protein detected in organ recipients.

OBJECTIVE: The routine screening of organ donors for HIV-1 since 1985 has markedly reduced the risk of acquiring infection in organ recipients. However, commercial HIV-1 p24-antigen assays reveal false-positive reactivity in certain recipients. This observation will be discussed here. METHODS: Post-transplantation sera collected sequentially from different organ recipients were tested for HIV antigen: 79 samples were from 14 kidney recipients, 57 from seven bone-marrow allografts and 18 from two heart recipients. Neutralization assays to determine specificity were performed on reactive samples. Immunoblots prepared from sera containing high levels of antigens were tested by Western blot using polyclonal anti-HIV sera. RESULTS: Abbott HIV-1-EIA kits detected non-neutralizable antigens in early post-transplantation sera from 12 kidney, five bone-marrow and two heart recipients. Using in-house immunoblots prepared from positive non-neutralizing antigen sera, a 25-30 kD protein was detected and shown to be the cause of the false HIV antigen cross-reactivity. CONCLUSION: False-positive HIV antigens related to the emergence of a 25-30 kD protein in early post-transplantation sera are detectable in transplant recipients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Lipid profiles of breast cancer cell lines: proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy].

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed on breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, MDA-MB231 and T47D. Proton spectra showed discrepancies of lipid quantity in the different lines. The high resolution lines of lipids were not as intense in the membrane preparations. These results show the potential of NMR spectroscopy to study the involvement of membrane lipids in proliferation, metastasis or drug resistance process.

Adenocarcinoma↗