SIAARTI guidelines for safety in locoregional anaesthesia.
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Anesthesia, Conduction↗
Biomedical subjects
M Evangelista
Publications and source records attributed to M Evangelista.
SIAARTI recommendations for chronic noncancer pain.
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Analgesics↗
Multiple attack study on the available triptans in Italy versus placebo.
The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of the five triptans that are commercially available in Italy (zolmitriptan 2.5 mg, rizatriptan 10 mg, sumatriptan 100 mg, almotriptan 12.5 mg and eletriptan 40 mg). The study was conducted in single-blind versus placebo and its duration was 18 months. At the Headache Centre of the 'Agostino Gemelli' Hospital in Rome we selected 42 patients, suffering from headache with and without aura (International Headache Society Committee on Headache Classification, 1988 Cephalalgia 8:1-96), whose headache frequency ranged between 1- and 4-monthly crises. For a total of 25 crises, for every five consecutive crises, a different triptan was taken. The end-points of the study were as follows: response at 2 h, 'pain free' at 2 h and 'sustained pain free' (at 24 h). The intra-patient consistency and the tolerability were also evaluated. Thirty patients completed the study and the statistical analysis was only applied to these patients. No substantial difference in terms of the efficacy of the triptans was noted; all triptans were well tolerated. These results suggest the possibility of testing different triptans in the same patient in order to identify the ideal drug for every patient.
Adult↗
Topiramate in migraine prophylaxis: a randomised double-blind versus placebo study.
The objectives of this paper are to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of topiramate, given at the dose of 100 mg/day, in the prophylactic treatment of migraine. The hypothesis that migraine is the result of a condition of neuronal hyperexcitability and the quest for drugs that are able to limit the number of crises justifies the attempt to utilise the new antiepileptic drugs in the prophylaxis of this pathology, which is so important due to its high prevalence and due to the high disability it causes. The study was randomised double-blind versus placebo, lasting 16 weeks, and was preceded by a run-in period of 4 weeks. One hundred and fifteen patients were randomly allocated to treatment with topiramate (TPM) or placebo: 35 patients completed the study in the TPM group and 37 patients in the placebo group. At the end of the double-blind phase of study, in the TPM group, we recorded a significant reduction in the frequency of migraine crises (from 5.26 at baseline to 2.60 in the last 4 weeks), a significant reduction in the quantity of symptomatic drugs taken as compared to the placebo control group (from 6.17+/-1.80 SD to 2.57+/-0.80) and a significant downward trend in the number of days of disability over the 16-week period of therapy. In the TPM group, side effects were transient and well tolerated. TPM has thus proven its efficacy and tolerability in the prophylaxis of migraine.
Adult↗
Impaired postural control in patients affected by tension-type headache.
Sixteen subjects, affected by chronic tension-type headache (TTH) accordingly to the International Headache Society Classification (1988) criteria, in presence of tenderness in pericranial muscles,with a mean age of 37+/-11.8 years, and ten healthy volunteer subjects, age and sex matched, were submitted to postural analysis by Static Posturography (S.Ve.P. Amplaid). Aim of the study was to evaluate whether patients with TTH have disturbed postural control, as compared to normal subjects. Postural analysis considered all posturographic variables but focused on spectral frequency analysis of body sway. In both open (OE) and closed eyes (CE) condition, spectral frequency analysis showed a significantly increased body sway at low (OE= p < or = 0.01; CE= p < or = 0.01) and middle (OE= p < or = 0.01; CE= p < or = 0.01) frequencies on the antero-posterior (y) plane and at low frequencies (OE= p < or = 0.05; CE= p < or = 0.05) on the lateral (x) plane. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t test for unpaired data, p value 0.05 defined significant. The proprioceptive input seems to be predominant at middle and high frequencies in maintaining posture, our results seem then to suggest a proprioceptive disturbance in TTH patients. The disturbance is likely related to chronic pericranial muscle contraction and tenderness. Posturography and spectral analysis may help not only in the diagnosis of a postural disturbance but even more in the follow-up of TTH patients, during and after a medical and/or a rehabilitative treatment.
Adult↗
SIAARTI recommendations on the assessment and treatment of chronic cancer pain.
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Adult↗
Systematic genetic analysis with ordered arrays of yeast deletion mutants.
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, more than 80% of the approximately 6200 predicted genes are nonessential, implying that the genome is buffered from the phenotypic consequences of genetic perturbation. To evaluate function, we developed a method for systematic construction of double mutants, termed synthetic genetic array (SGA) analysis, in which a query mutation is crossed to an array of approximately 4700 deletion mutants. Inviable double-mutant meiotic progeny identify functional relationships between genes. SGA analysis of genes with roles in cytoskeletal organization (BNI1, ARP2, ARC40, BIM1), DNA synthesis and repair (SGS1, RAD27), or uncharacterized functions (BBC1, NBP2) generated a network of 291 interactions among 204 genes. Systematic application of this approach should produce a global map of gene function.
Carrier Proteins↗
Floral genes expressed in tomato hypocotyl explants in liquid culture.
This paper confirms, at molecular level, previous data showing that small explants of many plants do form a floral meristem and express specific floral genes after only few days in culture. After 15-20 days of culture, small tomato hypocotyl explants develop differentiated structures often resembling primitive ancestral reproductive organs. Other specific reproductive functions such as chromosomal segregation (somatic meiosis) were also present and demonstrated by means of a cytological and histological analysis. By reverse transcriptase-PCR and in situ hybridization it was found that these structures are indeed able to express flower-specific genes. The TM8 gene, a tomato gene that is expressed very early during floral development, is detectable on the proliferating hypocotyl explants during the first week of culture. The MON9612 gene, which in vivo is expressed only by tomato pistils and ovules, is detectable on the ovulelike structures developed after 20 days of culture. The construction of transgenic tomato plants expressing the GUS gene under the control of the MON9612 promoter allowed us to follow the induction and the expression of this gene during explant proliferation and development of the flowerlike structures. These data confirm the hypothesis that a floral reprogramming can be induced in plant explants as a consequence of wounding and growth factors action. It appears to be an effort to survive stress by means of an unscheduled reproductive program.
Culture Techniques↗
A role for myosin-I in actin assembly through interactions with Vrp1p, Bee1p, and the Arp2/3 complex.
Type I myosins are highly conserved actin-based molecular motors that localize to the actin-rich cortex and participate in motility functions such as endocytosis, polarized morphogenesis, and cell migration. The COOH-terminal tail of yeast myosin-I proteins, Myo3p and Myo5p, contains an Src homology domain 3 (SH3) followed by an acidic domain. The myosin-I SH3 domain interacted with both Bee1p and Vrp1p, yeast homologues of human WASP and WIP, adapter proteins that link actin assembly and signaling molecules. The myosin-I acidic domain interacted with Arp2/3 complex subunits, Arc40p and Arc19p, and showed both sequence similarity and genetic redundancy with the COOH-terminal acidic domain of Bee1p (Las17p), which controls Arp2/3-mediated actin nucleation. These findings suggest that myosin-I proteins may participate in a diverse set of motility functions through a role in actin assembly.
Actin-Related Protein 2↗
Characterization of carrot nuclear proteins that exhibit specific binding affinity towards conventional and non-conventional DNA methylation.
DNA methylation is associated with transcriptional silencing in vertebrates and plants. In mammals, the effects of methylation are mediated by a family of methyl-CpG-binding proteins. In plants the mechanisms by which methylation represses transcription are still not clear. In this paper we describe protein factors in carrot nuclear extracts exhibiting specific affinities for conventional or non-conventional methylation acceptor sites. We characterized two classes of proteins: the first, dcMBPI (Daucus carota methylated DNA-binding protein 1), shows high affinity for sequences containing 5-methylcytosine; the second, dcMBP2 (Daucus carota methylated DNA-binding protein 2), efficiently complexes sequences containing 5-methylcytosine in both CpXpX and CpXpG trinucleotides and shows much lower affinity for 5-methyl CpG dinucleotides. Both dcMBP1 and dcMBP2 are abundant proteins differing in molecular weight and binding features. Their activities are modulated during carrot vegetative cell growth and somatic embryo development. This is the first time that, in either plants or mammals, proteins exhibiting specific binding affinities for conventional or non-conventional DNA methylation have been shown. Based on these results, the possibility that both the extent and the context of the methylation might contribute to modulate gene expression is discussed.
5-Methylcytosine↗
Control of mitotic spindle position by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae formin Bni1p.
Alignment of the mitotic spindle with the axis of cell division is an essential process in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that is mediated by interactions between cytoplasmic microtubules and the cell cortex. We found that a cortical protein, the yeast formin Bni1p, was required for spindle orientation. Two striking abnormalities were observed in bni1Delta cells. First, the initial movement of the spindle pole body (SPB) toward the emerging bud was defective. This phenotype is similar to that previously observed in cells lacking the kinesin Kip3p and, in fact, BNI1 and KIP3 were found to be in the same genetic pathway. Second, abnormal pulling interactions between microtubules and the cortex appeared to cause preanaphase spindles in bni1Delta cells to transit back and forth between the mother and the bud. We therefore propose that Bni1p may localize or alter the function of cortical microtubule-binding sites in the bud. Additionally, we present evidence that other bipolar bud site determinants together with cortical actin are also required for spindle orientation.
Actins↗
The Src homology domain 3 (SH3) of a yeast type I myosin, Myo5p, binds to verprolin and is required for targeting to sites of actin polarization.
The budding yeast contains two type I myosins, Myo3p and Myo5p, with redundant functions. Deletion of both myosins results in growth defects, loss of actin polarity and polarized cell surface growth, and accumulation of intracellular membranes. Expression of myc-tagged Myo5p in myo3Delta myo5Delta cells fully restores wild-type characteristics. Myo5p is localized as punctate, cortical structures enriched at sites of polarized cell growth. We find that latrunculin-A-induced depolymerization of F-actin results in loss of Myo5p patches. Moreover, incubation of yeast cells at 37 degrees C results in transient depolarization of both Myo5p patches and the actin cytoskeleton. Mutant Myo5 proteins with deletions in nonmotor domains were expressed in myo3Delta myo5Delta cells and the resulting strains were analyzed for Myo5p function. Deletion of the tail homology 2 (TH2) domain, previously implicated in ATP-insensitive actin binding, has no detectable effect on Myo5p function. In contrast, myo3Delta myo5Delta cells expressing mutant Myo5 proteins with deletions of the src homology domain 3 (SH3) or both TH2 and SH3 domains display defects including Myo5p patch depolarization, actin disorganization, and phenotypes associated with actin dysfunction. These findings support a role for the SH3 domain in Myo5p localization and function in budding yeast. The proline-rich protein verprolin (Vrp1p) binds to the SH3 domain of Myo3p or Myo5p in two-hybrid tests, coimmunoprecipitates with Myo5p, and colocalizes with Myo5p. Immunolocalization of the myc-tagged SH3 domain of Myo5p reveals diffuse cytoplasmic staining. Thus, the SH3 domain of Myo5p contributes to but is not sufficient for localization of Myo5p either to patches or to sites of polarized cell growth. Consistent with this, Myo5p patches assemble but do not localize to sites of polarized cell surface growth in a VRP1 deletion mutant. Our studies support a multistep model for Myo5p targeting in yeast. The first step, assembly of Myo5p patches, is dependent upon F-actin, and the second step, polarization of actin patches, requiresVrp1p and the SH3 domain of Myo5p.
Actins↗
Bni1p, a yeast formin linking cdc42p and the actin cytoskeleton during polarized morphogenesis.
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae BNI1 gene product (Bni1p) is a member of the formin family of proteins, which participate in cell polarization, cytokinesis, and vertebrate limb formation. During mating pheromone response, bni1 mutants showed defects both in polarized morphogenesis and in reorganization of the underlying actin cytoskeleton. In two-hybrid experiments, Bni1p formed complexes with the activated form of the Rho-related guanosine triphosphatase Cdc42p, with actin, and with two actin-associated proteins, profilin and Bud6p (Aip3p). Both Bni1p and Bud6p (like Cdc42p and actin) localized to the tips of mating projections. Bni1p may function as a Cdc42p target that links the pheromone response pathway to the actin cytoskeleton.
Actins↗
Establishing and working with daily outcomes.
The transition to outcomes-based practice is a major undertaking that will evolve over time. To be successful, it requires operational planning by managers. The steps in the transition include clearly understanding the desired goals of the change, assessing the current status of the change within the manager's areas, and creating and implementing processes and systems to support the change. Core components of the change process include formal and informal documentation of staff as well as reorientation of institutional systems, such as documentation, toward outcome management.
Decision Making, Organizational↗
On the occurrence of somatic meiosis in embryogenic carrot cell cultures.
During the establishment of an embryogenic cell line from a carrot hypocotyl explant, processes closely resembling meiotic divisions are seen. A microdensitometric analysis revealed that the amount of cellular DNA diminished in the majority of cells to the haploid level. However, the diploid level was re-established in a matter of a few days. The genetic consequences of this segregation were studied by analyzing restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPD). The results showed that the great majority of embryos regenerated from segregants and that different segregants had different genetic constitutions.
Base Sequence↗
Transferable pathway benefits hospital, hospice.
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Case Management↗
Rhein inhibits glucose uptake in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells by alteration of membrane-associated functions.
Rhein (RH), 4,5 dihydroxyanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid, is known to inhibit the glycolysis of neoplastic cells by impairing glucose uptake. In order to establish whether this might be due to a selective interaction of the carrier with the drug or to functional modifications of the cell membrane, the effect of RH on glucose uptake in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells has been investigated. RH strongly inhibits the uptake of both 2-deoxyglucose and 3-O-methylglucose, so the reduced influx therefore cannot be ascribed to an effect on glucose phosphorylation. The inhibition of glucose transport does not depend on a reduction of the number of the carriers as indicated by the inability of the drug to interfere with the synthesis of the transporter. Moreover, the extent of total binding of cytochalasin B, as well as the fact that glucose specificity is not altered, indicate that the intrinsic activity of the glucose carrier is not affected. We therefore conclude that the inhibition of glucose uptake must be ascribed to an interaction of the drug with cell membranes that results in an alteration of membrane-associated functions.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
[Anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy: the use of nitrous oxide in the anesthetic mixture].
A study carried out on 44 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy was started in order to evaluate if nitrous oxide is or not contraindicated. The patients were divided in two groups of 22 subjects receiving or not nitrous oxide in the anaesthetic mixture. All the patients received the same preanaesthetic medication (diazepam and atrophine), thiopental and fentanyl as induction drugs, vecuronium as muscle relaxant and isoflurane for maintenance of anaesthesia. Bowel distension, technical difficulty, incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting were examined. Our conclusions were that nitrous oxide has no clinically deleterious effects during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Adult↗