PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M F Aillaud

Publications and source records attributed to M F Aillaud.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Unfading acral microlivedo. A discrete marker of thrombotic skin disease associated with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome.

Small erythematous or cyanotic lesions on the hands and feet of four patients with antiphospholipid antibodies are described. These discrete lesions outline capillaries and do not disappear when pressure is applied. The histologic features are identical to those described in skin thrombotic syndrome associated with antiphospholipid antibodies, that is, microthrombi in dermal vessels without inflammation. In addition to indicating antiphospholipid antibodies in apparently healthy patients, this sign could be a marker of risk for large-vessel thrombosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Disseminated intravascular coagulation and chronic aortic dissection].

The authors report a case of chronic dissection of the aorta discovered during the evaluation of disseminated intravascular coagulation. The first signs of bleeding occurred 4 years after the initial aortic trauma at the time of unclamping of the aorta during an aorto-coronary bypass. This case was characterised by the severity of coagulation abnormalities, the severe thrombocytopenia and that of platelet aggregation events.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[Value and limits of antiplatelet agents in cerebral ischemic pathology].

The authors have reviewed the role of platelets in thromboembolic strokes, the effects of usual antiplatelet drugs on haemostasis and the new approaches to the prevention of thrombosis. Critical analysis of controlled clinical trials indicates only aspirin use showed evidence of effectiveness in prevention of transient ischemic attacks or minor strokes related to atherosclerosis.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1988

[The significance of the levels of D-dimer in thrombotic conditions].

A D Dimer ELISA test (Asserachrom D Di Stago) was used to quantify the modification of plasmatic D Dimer levels in two kinds of thrombotic diseases: DIC and deep venous thrombosis. Very high values were obtained in these two situations (m +/- sd): DIC (n = 22): 15.2 +/- 18.5 micrograms/ml. (Normal values were defined in 20 healthy subjects: 0.15 +/- 0.04 micrograms/ml). In DIC highest values were a bad prognosis, they were found in patients who died during the ten days following the diagnosis. In deep venous thrombosis the increase was not related to the size of the clot but to the endogenous fibrinolysis. An elevated concentration of D Dimer was often related to a good phlebographic evolution. During heparin therapy with standard heparin or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) a greater decrease of D Dimer level was observed in patients with a good phlebographic evolution. Results expressed in percentage of decrease were (successful group against the failure group): J3/J10: 46.4 +/- 29.2 p. cent/13.4 +/- 11.0 p. cent (p less than 0.05); J7/J10: 52.3 +/- 31.5 p. cent/24.2 +/- 26.3 p. cent (p less than 0.05). The intensity of the decrease may have an indicative value for in vivo thrombolysis. This could be explained by a smaller clot mass to be lysed in successful group. During streptokinase treatment the D Dimer levels were very high (greater than 50 micrograms/ml). A problem of specificity could be evoked in presence of a massive quantity of fibrinogen degradation products levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Septicemia, portal thrombosis and congenital protein C deficiency].

The authors report a case of Bacteroides fragilis septicemia with left portal vein thrombosis secondary to a liver abscess discovered by ultrasonography. This thrombosis was in relation with hereditary protein C deficiency. The authors emphasize the importance of assaying for C protein along with the other physiological coagulation inhibitors in the child presenting with venous thrombosis.

Bacteroides Infections↗
PubMed1987

Measurement of low molecular weight heparin ex vivo activities in clinical laboratories using various anti-Xa assays: interlaboratory variability and requirement for an agreed low molecular weight heparin standard.

The only sensitive and convenient assay to assess the biological activity of low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) is based on the potentiation of activated factor Xa inhibition. Several procedures for measuring the socalled anti Xa activity have been proposed. In this collaborative study including eight laboratories, we have used four different assays (three amidolytic and one clotting based methods) for measuring the anti Xa activity of ex vivo samples obtained after injecting three different LMWHs. The dispersion of the results obtained by calibration against standard heparin could be reduced by using any of the three LMWHs for calibration. A coefficient of variation less than 0.20 between values obtained in different laboratories using a variety of methods seems acceptable. However it is necessary to refer to a common international standard for expressing the results in units and to define, for each of the three products, the therapeutic range.

Factor Xa↗
PubMed1987

Deficient t-PA release and elevated PA inhibitor levels in patients with spontaneous or recurrent deep venous thrombosis.

The fibrinolytic system was investigated in 120 patients with spontaneous or recurrent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) without any known organic disease able to explain by itself the occurrence of a thrombosis and without any known defect of antithrombin III, Heparin Cofactor II, Protein C, or Protein S. The assays included: Euglobulin fibrinolytic activity (EFA), tissue-type plasminogen activator related antigen (t-PA-Ag) and plasminogen activator inhibitor activity (PA inhibitor), which were measured before and after 10 min of venous occlusion (V.O.). On the basis of the results, the patients could be classified in 3 groups: good responders with an at least two-fold increase of EFA after venous occlusion (n = 76), poor responders with a lesser increase of EFA due to deficient release of t-PA (n = 12), and poor responders with a normal t-PA release but an increased level of PA-Inhibitor (n = 32). The poor responders due to deficient t-PA release (10% of total) had a higher incidence of recurrence of deep vein thrombosis, than the other groups (p less than 0.01). An overall correlation was found between the level of PA-Inhibitor activity and the triglyceride level (r = 0.40, p less than 0.01), suggesting that these elevations may be due to a common cause, at least in some of the patients. It is concluded that a poor fibrinolytic response to venous occlusion occurs in 35 percent of DVT patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Anti-activator inhibitors of plasminogen].

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitors (PA Inhibitor) have recently been identified in plasma. They are directed against t-PA and Urokinase. Two PA Inhibitors have been described: PA Inhibitor 1 from endothelial cells, hepatocytes and platelets and PA Inhibitor 2 from placenta. Enzymatic assays have been developed. They show that plasma levels of PA Inhibitor are very low under normal conditions, but a considerable increase (X10 or 20) is found in several pathological conditions (thrombo embolic disease, atherosclerosis, thrombotic risk factors (obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, diabetes) inflammatory syndrome, post operative period for PA Inhibitor 1, and in some physiological conditions (pregnancy for PA Inhibitor 2). These results plead for a pathogenic role of PA Inhibitor 1 in the development of thrombosis. Pharmacological products able to decrease the plasma level of PA Inhibitor are as yet scarce. Stanozolol, an anabolic steroid, some biguanides such as Metformin possess this property.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Relationships between plasma insulin triglyceride, body mass index, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1.

Low fibrinolytic activity, as measured by euglobulin (EFA), has been observed in obese subjects, and hypofibrinolysis may play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and its complications. Blood fibrinolytic activity is regulated through a complex system of activators and inhibitors, especially plasminogen activator inhibitors (PA Inhibitors). In a group of 35 non-diabetic subjects with a wide range of body mass index (BMI), EFA was negatively correlated, and PA Inhibitor activity positively correlated, with BMI and plasma insulin levels. In a population of 49 non-diabetic obese women (differing from a control group of normal weight by lower EFA and higher level, of PA Inhibitor activity, plasma insulin and triglyceride), the PA Inhibitor activity was positively correlated with BMI, insulin and triglyceride. The increase in PA Inhibitor activity was associated with a high value of PA Inhibitor 1 antigen measured by an immuno-radiometric assay, indicating that the increased activity was due to a high level of circulating PA Inhibitor 1. Plasma insulin was lowered in obese non-diabetic subjects, without modification of the body weight, by a 24 hour fast or by treatment with Metformin. After 24 hours' fast, ten obese subjects had lower levels of insulin and PA Inhibitor activity and an increase in EFA. Treatment for 15 days by 1.75 g Metformin (or placebo), on a weight maintaining diet, induced, in the Metformin group, a decrease in plasma insulin, triglyceride and PA Inhibitor activity and an increase in EFA, while no change was observed in the placebo group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Rapid modifications of biophysical and biochemical parameters of red blood cell membrane from insulin dependent diabetics after insulin administration.

We have previously shown that red blood cell (RBC) filtrability in uncontrolled insulin dependent diabetics is abnormal compared to healthy subjects, but is corrected by insulin added in vivo or in vitro. We have now found biophysical abnormalities of the RBC membrane in such patients: Fluorescence polarization value (p) evaluated using DPH as probe is significantly lower in patients; insulin added in vitro increases and normalises the p value of diabetic RBC membrane, and has no effect on normal RBC membrane. As there is a relationship between the lipid bilayer and membrane cytoskeleton proteins, this abnormality of RBC membrane fluidity, correctable by insulin, may be an important determinant of the rheological behaviour of the RBC. In parallel, biochemical abnormalities of the RBC membrane are shown in the same patients: Higher cholesterol/phospholipid ratio, lower content in unsaturated fatty acids and higher content in saturated fatty acids. Decreased activity of ouabaine sensitive Na+K+ ATPase and increased activity of Mg++ ATPase. All of these RBC biochemical abnormalities are corrected after 24 h of normoglycaemia obtained by insulin treatment given in vivo with a biostator. Our results show the importance to check the degree of control of glycaemia when studying rheological parameters in diabetes mellitus.

Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase↗
PubMed1986

Increase in plasma concentration of plasminogen activator inhibitor, fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, factor VIII:C and in erythrocyte sedimentation rate with age.

Elderly patients have previously been shown to have an increased plasma concentration of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) antigen (t-PA Ag). Since the concentration of t-PA Ag depends on both free t-PA and t-PA complexed with inhibitors, mainly plasminogen activator inhibitor (PA inhibitor), we have investigated the relationship between the plasma concentration of PA inhibitor and age in 20 elderly and 20 young individuals. Elderly individuals showed a slight increase in PA inhibitor, in parallel with increase on others, acute-phase proteins, fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, factor VIII:C, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The increase in PA inhibitor as well as other acute-phase proteins in the elderly may be significant in relation to the increased incidence of thrombotic disease.

Adult↗