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Biomedical subjects

M F Beauvois

Publications and source records attributed to M F Beauvois.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Preserved recall versus impaired recognition. A case study.

A very pure and most unusual case of memory impairment is reported in a patient operated on for an aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery. Neuropsychological investigation performed about 8 yrs after the operation revealed a dissociation between very poor performance on recognition tests (on which the patient's performance was as poor as that in classical amnesic patients) and normal performance (estimated by the number of correct responses) in recall. This pattern has not previously been reported and is the reverse of that observed both in normal subjects and in amnesic patients. In addition, the patient was able to achieve a number of difficult learning tasks, at times normally; the relearning of one of these tasks after a delay of 1 h was perfectly normal. The recognition failure is interpreted in terms of the suggestion that memory performance results from an interaction between knowledge and subjective experience of remembering.

Brain↗
PubMed1989

Memory processes and aging: a defect of automatic rather than controlled processes?

The effect of age (20-86) and/or cultural level is investigated from the point of view of Cognitive Psychology. The study was carried out with 75 subjects distributed into 5 age-ranges and 3 cultural levels. It involved the following memory tests: forced choice recognition of faces (Warrington, 1984) and of abstract paintings; Rey Figure; immediate free recall; final free recall; learning and retention of paired associates; learning with AB-AC-AB design to test for interference; Selective Reminding test of Buschke (1973); repeated free recall. Data where analysed, taking into account dozens of variables. As far as age is concerned, all the analyses converge toward the same conclusion: short-term memory is not significantly affected by age, while a clear distinction appears between two kinds of secondary memory. Secondary memory involved in the course of learning or in the retention of learning is unaffected by age. By contrast, secondary memory involved in the retention of an initial or single confrontation with test material is very much affected by age. Age might, therefore, differentially affect two kinds of secondary memory. It is suggested that, contrary to the view of certain authors, age mainly affects automatic secondary memory, whereas voluntary, conscious, controlled and effortful secondary memory, which could require a greater amount of 'mental energy' or attentional resource, is relatively well preserved with age.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Phonological alexia: three dissociations.

Three dissociations were observed in a case of alexia: a disturbance of reading, without comparable disturbance of oral expression, oral comprehension, writing, or spelling aloud; a disturbance of the phonological reading process, without disturbance of the non-phonological reading process; a disturbance located at the level of the phonological stage, without disturbance of the perceptual and expressive stages. This pattern of results has been called phonological alexia.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1979

Phonological processing in reading: data from alexia.

The reading of four subjects suffering from a phonological reading impairment as a result of a cerebral lesion was tested. A double dissociation observed in their results is strong evidence for the existence of two functionally independent kinds of phonological processing in reading--a graphemic and a phonetic one.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Bilateral tactile aphasia: a tacto-verbal dysfunction.

Bilateral tactile aphasia was exhibited by a patient who was operated upon for a left parieto-occipital haematoma. Neuropsychological investigation established the following points: (1) the patient, in whom no expressive or receptive dysphasia could be found, misnamed objects when they were presented to him tactually, whereas he almost always gave the correct name when they were presented visually or auditorily; (2) the naming disturbance was identical when the object was presented to the left hand or to the right hand; (3) not only did the patient have no sensory deficit, but he could give unquestionable proof of correct tactile identification by using the objects presented to him tactually; (4) the defect appeared in the verbo-tactile as well as in the tacto-verbal direction; (5) it was not restricted to the name of the object since the patient was unable to describe, without making dysphasic errors, the morphology or usage of objects presented to him tactually; (6) the tacto-verbal dysfunction did not result from a tacto-visual impairment. Computerized tomography scans showed that: (1) there was no evidence suggesting a lesion of the right hemisphere, nor of the corpus callosum; (2) the left lesion involved the angular gyrus, the posterior part of the second temporal convolution, the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, the geniculostriate fibres and some fibres of the tapetum.

Agnosia↗
PubMed1975

[Elective memory deficiencies and restricted cortical lesions].

60 subjects with restricted cortical lesions, 7 with diffuse cortical disease, 7 with bilateral lesions of the hippocampo-mamillo-thalamic circuit and 36 normal subjects underwent immediate reproduction tests and training tests in the following three categories: audio-verbal, visuo-spatial, gestural. Subjects with lesions of the H.M.T. circuit had normal results in the three immediate reproduction tests and failed in the three training tests. Subjects with diffuse cortical lesions showed pathological results in all the tests. Subjects with restricted cortical lesions showed selective deficiencies in certain tests; there was no systematic connection between failure in the immediate reproduction test and failure in the corresponding training test. The results were analysed having regard to the location of the lesion but also to the symptoms.

Adult↗