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Biomedical subjects

M F Hayden

Publications and source records attributed to M F Hayden.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Effectiveness and quality of individual planning in residential settings: an analysis of outcomes.

Individual Habilitation Plan objectives for adults with mental retardation living in institutional or community settings were evaluated for effectiveness and quality. Effectiveness was assessed by contrasting change in relevant outcomes over time for participants with and without individual plan objectives in specified content areas. No significant change in outcomes associated with having an objective was detected for any of the content areas. Except for functionality, ratings of individual plans on all quality domains were poor. Regression analyses mostly failed to show any significant relationship between quality domain ratings and outcomes, although there was weak but inconsistent evidence for validity of the technical adequacy and data-collection quality domains. Findings present a challenge to current expectations that presence and quality of IHP objectives are associated with improved outcomes.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Effectiveness of challenging behavior IHP objectives in residential settings: a longitudinal study.

Effectiveness of challenging behavior Individualized Habilitation Plan (IHP) objectives in residential settings was examined. We evaluated three indicators of successful intervention: discontinuation of challenging behavior IHP objectives, change in challenging behavior over time, and frequency of one-to-one crisis intervention and found little evidence of effective intervention. Less than a fourth of participants had a challenging behavior objective discontinued within a year. There was no significant change in challenging behavior from one annual assessment to the next, although the decrease in asocial challenging behavior approached significance. Frequency of crisis intervention also did not change significantly over time. These findings suggest that most challenging behavior IHP objectives are ineffective in reducing challenging behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Interventions for challenging behavior in residential settings.

Predictors of interventions for challenging behavior by residential service providers were examined. Three forms of intervention investigated were (a) Individualized Habilitation Plan (IHP) objectives concerning challenging behavior, (b) one-to-one crisis intervention in the preceding 30 days, and (c) services from behavior management professionals in the preceding 6 months. Findings across these three interventions were largely consistent. Externalized challenging behavior (outwardly directed aggressive or disruptive behavior aimed at other people or objects) was consistently associated with all interventions. The implications of these findings for service providers and service users are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Implementing the right to community integration for children with disabilities in Russia: a human rights framework for international action.

Human rights organizations have documented a widespread pattern of abuse in Russia's orphanages and institutions for children with disabilities. Community integration is critical to attack the underlying causes of discrimination and abuse of children in institutions. While there is an immediate need to protect children in institutions, investment in improving orphanages may inadvertently strengthen an outmoded system of segregated services, delaying long-term reform. This article describes a response to abuses in institutions based on the internationally recognized right to community integration for all children, including children with mental and physical disabilities. While tailored to Russia, the framework for action described here applies to many countries in which children and adults with disabilities are similarly segregated from society in closed institutions.

Child↗
PubMed1998

Mortality among people with mental retardation living in the United States: research review and policy application.

A literature review was conducted to examine mortality among people with mental retardation and related developmental disabilities living in the United States and determine how research findings relate to or assist in policy development. Two questions were considered: What do the differences between earlier and more recent research mean to policy development? What does the research literature indicate about other aspects of mortality that relate to policy development? Five major limitations of mortality research as a useful tool to policy development were discussed. Recommendations were made to identify what policymakers need to do to develop an oversight mechanism and type of research needed to assist policymakers in providing appropriate services and supports to this population.

Cause of Death↗
PubMed1998

Longitudinal study of institutional downsizing: effects on individuals who remain in the institution.

In a 4-year study we examined the longitudinal effects of deinstitutionalization programs on those who remain in institutions being downsized. Individual outcomes investigated were community access, social activities, community inclusion, family relationships, and choice. Effects of residential relocation on individual outcomes such as adaptive behavior were evaluated and total daily per-person expenditure on institutional services for participants was determined. Downsizing was associated with decreased community integration but no change in most other outcomes. Availability of therapy services fell over time, and individuals experienced many residential and day program moves within the institution. Per person expenditure on services increased substantially. Finally, no significant changes in adaptive behavior were associated with intrainstitutional moves.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1997

Support, problem-solving/coping ability, and personal burden of younger and older caregivers of adults with mental retardation.

Relations between service and support utilization, problem-solving/coping strategies, level of personal burden experienced by younger and older caregivers were examined. Overall, there were no differences in the number of support services received. However, younger caregivers reported significantly more unmet service needs and rated significantly more of them as a critical or an emergency need. Both groups had highly developed effective problem-solving skills. However, older caregivers were more likely to seek spiritual support and the younger caregivers more apt to mobilize their families to acquire and accept help. Older caregivers experienced significantly less personal burden. Results suggest that younger caregivers are more predisposed toward seeking outside help and have higher expectations of the service system.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1996

Families of adults with mental retardation: stress levels and need for services.

The study described in this article sought to determine whether stress experienced by families of adults with mental retardation was a function of characteristics of caregivers or care recipients, support service needs, and needs for personal care and supervision. Data from interviews with 105 families indicated that the marital status of the caregiver; the level of retardation, frequency of maladaptive behaviors, and health status of the adult family member with mental retardation; and the number and level of services needed were factors in the stress experienced by families. This examination of how perceived stress and needs for services interact provides information essential to developing and funding effective supports to families caring for adults with mental retardation and other developmental disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Placement practices in specialized foster homes and small group homes for persons with mental retardation.

Resident functional and personal characteristics (e.g., gender, race, age, and level of mental retardation), placement histories, and projected placements of a nationally representative sample of 336 persons with mental retardation living in a total of 181 small, specialized foster care homes and group homes with 6 or fewer residents were compared. In addition, the extent to which resident characteristics differentiate between persons placed in specialized foster care homes or small group homes was assessed. Results indicate that there are some differences in resident characteristics across facility type, including communication and toileting skills, age, and mobility. Overall, results showed that small foster and group homes successfully serve a variety of people and that placement generally lasts for several years.

Activities of Daily Living↗