Biomedical subjects

M F Mafee

Publications and source records attributed to M F Mafee.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

PubMed1985

Dynamic computed tomography. Its use in the assessment of vascular malformations and angiofibroma.

Reliable diagnostic methods for head and neck vascular lesions are needed. The technique of dynamic computed tomography (CT) is used to delineate two aberrant subclavian arteries, one carotid artery aneurysm, and one angiofibroma. Five or six 4.8-s CT scans were obtained sequentially, separated by a 1.2-s interscan interval. Computer-generated iodinated contrast concentration (CT number) v time curves showed rapid influx of contrast, high peak density, and rapid uninterrupted contrast runoff. Simultaneous bone and soft-tissue visualization at the time of peak contrast enhancement provides excellent delineation of the malformations and angiofibroma. The technique is noninvasive, and it eliminates the potential complications of arteriography and biopsy. We conclude that dynamic CT is an excellent method for diagnosis of head and neck vascular lesions.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Dysphagia and Forestier's disease.

Dysphagia is a common complaint of patients seen by otolaryngologists. Cervical osteophytes have been widely reported as a cause of dysphagia. Recently, Forestier's disease (vertebral ankylosing hyperostosis or diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis) has also been identified as a cause of dysphagia. Two patients had dysphagia due to Forestier's disease. Their barium esophagograms demonstrated narrowing of the esophagus due to the vertebral osteophytes and their computed tomographic scans show the extent of the osteophyte deformity.

Aged↗

PubMed1985

Orbital blowout fractures. The prognostic significance of computed tomography.

Nineteen patients with orbital floor fractures were examined and underwent computed tomography of both orbits. By evaluating the amount of orbital expansion and soft tissue herniation, we were able to identify a group of patients at high risk for developing enophthalmos (3/7 in the group with the largest amount vs. 0/7 and 0/5 in the two other groups). By studying the appearance of the inferior rectus muscle, we were also able to identify a group of patients at high risk for developing persistent diplopia (5/5 with entrapped muscles, 0/2 with hooked muscles and 0/12 of patients with free inferior rectus positions).

Diplopia↗

PubMed1985

Dynamic computed tomography of the head and neck: differential diagnostic value.

A retrospective review of the dynamic CT studies performed in our institution on head and neck lesions, excluding the brain, was carried out. Five basic types of density vs. time curves were obtained. Dynamic CT scanning is valuable in the differential diagnosis, management, and followup of such cases; its usefulness as an imaging modality in diagnosis and followup of hemangiomas is stressed.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Computed tomography in the evaluation of Brown syndrome of the superior oblique tendon sheath.

Computed tomographic (CT) findings in 4 patients with superior oblique tendon sheath syndrome (congenital or acquired Brown syndrome) are described. When the inferior oblique muscle moves the eye upward, the superior oblique muscle normally relaxes, while its tendon lengthens and slides freely through the trochlea. In Brown syndrome this process is somehow restricted, which is most apparent during attempts at elevation when the eye is adducted, resulting in an apparent inferior oblique "palsy" (pseudopalsy). Brown syndrome is the most common cause of an apparent isolated limitation of the inferior oblique muscle. CT is a valuable tool in understanding the pathophysiology and management of acquired Brown syndrome, showing thickening and inflammatory changes of the reflected portion of the superior oblique tendon.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

Acute otomastoiditis and its complications: role of CT.

Acute bacterial (suppurative) otomastoiditis responds to antibiotic treatment; radiologic study is required only when there is clinical suggestion of coalescent mastoiditis, intracranial complications, or an underlying chronic disease. Computed tomography (CT) is the method of choice for evaluating otogenic intra- or extra-cranial complications. CT scans can show stages of disease progression when infection has spread by way of soft tissue, blood, and bone pathways into the dural venous sinuses, meninges, labyrinth, facial nerves, epidural and other intracranial spaces. When there is clinical suggestion of acute coalescent mastoiditis, a CT scan of the temporal bone can confirm the presence of rarefying osteitis, coalescence of the air cells, and subperiosteal abscess.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1985

Malignant uveal melanoma and similar lesions studied by computed tomography.

Forty-four patients with intraocular disease were studied by computed tomography (CT); in 19 cases malignant uveal melanoma was considered the likely diagnosis. CT proved to be accurate in determining the location and size of uveal melanomas, demonstrating scleral invasion, and differentiating melanoma from choroidal detachment or angioma, toxocariasis, and senile macular degeneration. Astrocytic retinal hamartoma and medulloepithelioma could not be distinguished from melanoma with CT. On CT, uveal melanomas appeared as hyperdense lesions with slight to moderate contrast enhancement. Tumors thinner than 2 mm could not be seen. Using dynamic CT, we noted moderate peak amplitude, normal or delayed tissue transit time, and persistently elevated washout phase (downslope), indicating increased permeability as the result of an impaired tumor blood barrier. Histological types of uveal melanoma could not be differentiated on the basis of circulatory patterns. Dynamic CT may be useful in distinguishing uveal melanoma from choroidal hemangioma or hematoma.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Use of CT in the evaluation of cochlear otosclerosis.

Otosclerosis (otospongiosis) occurs when the hard endochondral bone of the otic capsule is replaced by spongy vascular foci of haversian bone. Using computed tomography (CT), we studied the ears of 32 selected patients with mixed or sensorineural hearing loss (one patient had normal hearing); 24 were suspected of having otosclerosis. CT proved valuable in detecting cochlear otosclerosis, foci of demineralization, and changes in bony texture and enables the easy recognition of subtle radiographic findings. Our paper also reports the CT findings of temporal bones in osteogenesis imperfecta and Paget disease.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

Use of CT in stapedial otosclerosis.

Otosclerosis (otospongiosis) is a primary focal disease of the labyrinthine capsule. The stapes footplate is fixed when the spongiotic focus expands and invades the oval window. Persons with stapedial otosclerosis experience a progressive conductive hearing loss. In many cases, cochlear degeneration is observed, in which a mixed hearing loss occurs. Using computed tomography (CT), we studied the ears of 45 selected patients with conductive or mixed hearing loss. CT proved valuable in determining otosclerotic changes of the oval window and otic capsule. Spongiotic changes of the otic capsule are better appreciated by CT than complex motion tomography. The usefulness of CT in diagnosing other causes of conductive or mixed hearing loss is also described.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

Diagnostic potential of CT in neurotological disorders.

The reliability of a neurotological evaluation in differentiating labyrinthine (end organ) lesions from retrolabyrinthine lesions has been well established. The purpose of this communication is to determine the diagnostic potential of computed tomography (CT) in patients suspected of having retrolabyrinthine lesions on the basis of their neurotological evaluations. Our study indicates that the validity of central vestibular and audiometric signs can be best substantiated with CT. The anatomy of neurovascular bundles within the internal auditory canal and cerebellopontine cistern can be readily visualized and identified by CT pneumocisternomeatography. By obtaining appropriate thin CT sections not only can very small lesions be identified but their anatomic locations can also be accurately established. CT pneumocisternomeatography is the method of choice to diagnose an intracanalicular acoustic neuroma. An unusually large vascular loop of the internal auditory canal may be responsible for sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus in some patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

Neuroradiologic evaluation of patients with central auditory lesions.

CT and MR imaging have revolutionized diagnostic medical imaging. MR scanning in particular is the method of choice to evaluate the CP angle lesion or other posterior fossa lesion. With CT pneumocisternography, neurovascular structures of the internal auditory canal and lesions can be visualized. Experience indicates that MR scanning will replace CT.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Radiographic features of the ear-related developmental anomalies in patients with mandibulofacial dysostosis.

Among the conditions that arise from disturbances in development of the first two branchial arches, the symmetric syndrome of mandibulofacial dysostosis and the asymmetric anomalies of the hemicraniofacial microsomia represent a characteristic pattern of craniofacial malformation distinct from other first and second arch syndromes. Since the usual embryonic aberration in both of these anomalies involves the first and second branchial arch derivatives, malformations of the external and middle ear are common. The external auditory canal is absent in the vast majority of the cases. Incudomallear deformities are usually present. In this paper, radiographic analysis of the ear-related developmental anomalies of 17 patients with mandibulofacial dysostosis is described.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984

Wildervanck syndrome--the external appearance and radiologic findings.

Wildervanck syndrome is a combination of congenital anomalies characterized by deafness, Klippel-Feil deformity, and an unusual ocular motility disturbance called Duane retraction syndrome. This syndrome is seen infrequently in the general population and may not be recognized since the external appearance of the ears may be normal, and the unusual form of strabismus may not be obvious to the non-ophthalmologist. Patients with the full extent of this triad have a unique appearance. CT examination in these patients delineates the cervical anomalies as well as the inner ear deformity.

Cervical Vertebrae↗

PubMed1984

Cartilage involvement in laryngeal carcinoma: correlation of CT and pathologic macrosection studies.

Fifteen patients with laryngeal epidermoid carcinoma underwent CT of the larynx prior to surgery. Whole mount sections of the extirpated larynx cut in the horizontal plane were compared with the corresponding level of the preoperative CT sections. This study in particular was designed to evaluate the accuracy of diagnosing cartilage involvement by CT and to correlate CT findings with histologic involvement. Our results indicate that CT correlates well with anatomic location of gross cartilage involvement by the tumor; however, small macroscopic invasion of the laryngeal cartilages may be difficult to diagnose with CT. Microscopic involvement of the cartilages cannot be diagnosed with CT. Decisions regarding conservation surgery cannot be based on CT evaluation alone.

Aged↗

PubMed1984

Congenital sensorineural hearing loss.

The ears of 47 selected patients with congenital sensorineural hearing loss were examined with complex-motion tomography. The patients were divided into 3 general categories: those with a recognized syndrome, those with sensorineural hearing loss unrelated to any known syndrome, and those with microtia. A great variety of inner ear anomalies was detected, but rarely were these characteristic of a particular clinical entity. The most common finding was the Mondini malformation or one of its variants. Isolated dysplasia of the internal auditory canal or the vestibular aqueduct may be responsible for sensorineural hearing loss in some patients. Patients with microtia may also have severe inner ear abnormalities despite the fact that the outer and inner ears develop embryologically from completely separate systems.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984

Choroidal detachment and ocular hypotony: CT evaluation.

The computed tomographic (CT) findings in 20 patients with hemorrhagic choroidal detachment, serous choroidal detachment, and/or ocular hypotony are described. Hemorrhagic choroidal detachment appeared as an area of high attenuation that was usually localized, uniformly hyperdense, and not position-dependent (i.e., there was no shift with changing patient position). Serous choroidal detachment appeared as a convex, thick line of increased density within the vitreous cavity. Inflammatory choroidal detachment produces a diffuse intrauveal and suprachoroidal accumulation of high-density, position-dependent fluid, and uveoscleral thickening and enhancement, which in cross section resembles a ring. On CT ocular hypotony produces a characteristic uveoscleral infolding. CT has proved valuable in localizing and differentiating serous or hemorrhagic choroidal detachment and uveoscleral infolding.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984

CT in the evaluation of the vestibulocochlear nerves and their central pathways. Evaluation of neurotologic disorders.

CT has evolved to become an important technique for the diagnosis of neurotologic disorders. By obtaining thin sections, the central pathway of the vestibulocochlear nerve can be rather properly evaluated with satisfactory clinical correlation when pathology exists. The validity of central vestibular and audiometric signs can be best substantiated with CT. The functional neuroanatomy of the vestibulocochlear and vestibulo-oculomotor systems is discussed. Results of the assessment of endocranial lesions involving the vestibulocochlear system are presented.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984

Computed tomography in the diagnosis of primary tumors of the petrous bone.

This paper constitutes an evaluation of 23 patients with signs and symptoms of 4 types of tumors: 6 congenital epidermoids, 3 cases of meningiomas presenting within the temporal bone, 2 cases of jugular fossa schwannomas, 3 cases of glomus tympanicum, and 9 selected cases of glomus jugulare tumors. Since these tumors occur insidiously and are located in an inaccessible region of the skull, they are usually not diagnosed until they reach considerable size and cause multiple cranial nerve deficits or intracranial complications. Assessment of these tumors and subsequent surgical management depend primarily on the preoperative radiographic findings. CT and dynamic CT study have proven to be extremely valuable and accurate in the diagnosis of these lesions. Epidermoids have a characteristic CT appearance. Dynamic CT is often helpful in differentiating glomus tumors from meningiomas and schwannomas. Involvement of the middle ear, labyrinth, intracranial, and extracranial components of these tumors can be best evaluated by CT. This paper places special emphasis on congenital cholesteatoma (epidermoid) and draws relevant conclusions about the diagnostic work-up.

Adult↗