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M F Pogue-Geile

Publications and source records attributed to M F Pogue-Geile.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Are neurologic examination abnormalities heritable? A preliminary study.

BACKGROUND: Neurologic examination abnormalities (NEA) are more prevalent among patients with schizophrenia as well as their unaffected relatives when compared with healthy controls, suggesting that NEA may be endophenotypes for schizophrenia. We estimated the heritability of NEA in moderately sized pedigrees. We also evaluated correlations between NEA and cognitive performance in order to examine their construct validity. METHODS: Members of eight extended families, each consisting of two first degree relatives with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorders, as well as available first- to fifth-degree relatives were examined (n=96 participants). A modification of the Neurological Evaluation Scale (NES) was employed, augmented with localizing signs. Where feasible, we used untransformed data such as error counts and completion time, rather than ordinal measures. Heritability was estimated using the variance component method, implemented in SOLAR. RESULTS: Statistically significant heritability (h2) estimates were obtained for several measures (p<0.05, h2+/-standard error: rapid alternating movements, right-sided completion time, 0.99+/-0.19; alternating fist-palm test, completion time, 0.77+/-0.19 s, errors, 0.70+/-0.32; fist-ring test, right-sided completion time, 0.53+/-0.23 s, left-sided completion time, 0.70+/-0.21 s; go-no go task, correct responses, 0.93+/-0.33; audio-visual integration, correct responses, 0.79+/-0.54). For most items, heritability analysis was hampered by insufficient data variability (infrequent errors). Correlational analyses show some degree of divergence among types of NEA, repetitive motor tasks being associated with most domains of cognitive functioning other than executive functioning, and cognitive-perceptual tasks being associated with memory and executive functioning. CONCLUSIONS: Significant familial influences on certain aspects of neurologic performance were detected. These heritable measures were also correlated with heritable neurocognitive measures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Genetic and environmental influences on schizotypy: a community-based twin study.

This study investigated the factor structure and etiology of four self-report schizotypy questionnaires during young adulthood (age 18-27) in 98 monozygotic and 59 same-sex dizygotic twin pairs from the community. A single phenotypic factor was identified that was primarily associated with Perceptual Aberration, Magical Ideation, and the Rust Inventory of Schizotypal Cognitions scales, and less so with Social Anhedonia. Univariate etiologic models suggested that in addition to nonshared environmental influences, Perceptual Aberration and Social Anhedonia were significantly influenced by either genes or shared family environment, whereas Magical Ideation and the Rust Inventory were influenced by shared family environment, but not genes. Multivariate twin analyses detected a common schizotypy factor, primarily defined by Perceptual Aberration, Magical Ideation, and the Rust Inventory scales, that was influenced by genes or shared environment as well as nonshared environment. Contrary to expectations, these results suggest that, at least in community-based samples, these "positive" schizotypy questionnaires are not strongly genetically influenced.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Familial liability to schizophrenia: a sibling study of negative symptoms.

Negative symptoms are important features in schizophrenia, so in milder form they might also serve as indicators of "unexpressed" liability to schizophrenia among patients' adult relatives without schizophrenia. To address this question, we assessed negative symptoms in 39 stable schizophrenia or schizoaffective outpatients, 39 of their siblings, 38 well control probands, and 38 of their siblings. Negative symptom measures included standard behavior ratings of the core negative symptoms of affective flattening and alogia, as well as a self-report measure of social anhedonia. As expected, even stable outpatients with schizophrenia exhibited significantly more negative symptoms than control probands and control siblings. However, negative behavioral symptoms of affective flattening, alogia, and anhedonia did not significantly differentiate the siblings of the schizophrenia patients from the control probands or their siblings, although there were some trends for anhedonia. The findings suggest that core negative symptoms of observed affective flattening and poverty of speech are not likely to be useful as strong indicators of "unexpressed" liability to schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Genetic and environmental causes of covariation among blood pressure, body mass and serum lipids during young adulthood: a twin study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the extent to which the correlation of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body mass, fasting total cholesterol and fasting triglycerides in young adulthood reflects common genetic or environmental influences. DESIGN: Cardiovascular risk factors were measured in a community sample of 129 monozygotic and 67 dizygotic twin pairs, ages 18-30 years. METHODS: Multivariate twin structural equation modelling allows estimation of the extent to which the covariation of two or more variables is attributable to common genetic and environmental factors and was used to analyse the correlation among systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, fasting total cholesterol and triglycerides. RESULTS: The covariation of risk factors was partially attributable to a single common genetic factor, while the covariation of systolic blood pressure, body mass index and triglycerides was also, in part, attributable to a common non-shared environmental factor. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic and, to a lesser extent, non-shared environmental factors contribute to the covariation of cardiovascular risk factors in young adult twins. Nonetheless, it should be noted that these common influences account for a relatively small percentage of the variance in each risk factor compared to genetic and environmental factors that are risk factor-specific.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The nature of environmental influences on weight and obesity: a behavior genetic analysis.

The nature of environmental influences on individual differences in weight and obesity is presently unclear. To resolve this issue, behavior genetic studies are reviewed for their relevance to environmental influences on weight and obesity. Results are consistent in suggesting that environmental experiences are important for weight and obesity, although they account for much less variation than do the effects of genes. Furthermore, only environmental experiences that are not shared among family members appear to be important. In contrast, experiences that are shared among family members appear largely irrelevant in determining individual differences in weight and obesity. These conclusions are consistent with a growing body of evidence on the relative unimportance of such shared experiences for many psychological characteristics.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1991

Hospitalization and the cognitive deficits of schizophrenia. The influences of age and education.

The study investigated the relationship between length of hospitalization and increasing cognitive deficit in schizophrenics. Using Halstead-Reitan Battery data obtained from 245 schizophrenic patients, multiple regression analyses were performed using age, education, and length of hospitalization as independent variables and various summary test indices as dependent variables. These analyses showed that there was not a statistically significant change in percentage of explained variance when length of hospitalization was entered into the multiple regression equations. On the basis of these analyses, it was concluded that the association between increasing deficit and length of hospitalization experienced by schizophrenic patients is no greater than what would be anticipated on the basis of aging.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Negative symptoms in schizophrenia: their longitudinal course and prognostic importance.

Negative and positive symptoms were investigated longitudinally in 39 young schizophrenic patients at two followup assessments approximately 2.5 and 5 years after hospital discharge. Negative symptoms, such as flat affect and poverty of speech, which were assessed at the first followup, were found to be effective prognostic signs in schizophrenic patients for predicting later poor role functioning at the second followup. The prognostic importance of negative symptoms was predominantly due to their tendency to occur in patients who were already functioning poorly in social and instrumental areas at the first followup, and who tended to continue doing poorly at the second followup. Contrary to some current hypotheses, positive symptoms, such as delusions and hallucinations, were also found to be prognostic of later deficits in role functioning at the second followup. Negative symptoms appeared to be generally persistent over time, although there was some tendency toward remission. Potential models of the etiology of negative symptoms and their role in schizophrenia are proposed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Negative and positive symptoms in schizophrenia and depression: a followup.

Negative and positive symptoms were investigated in a sample of 72 young schizophrenic and depressed patients at followup approximately 1 1/2 years after hospital discharge. Flat affect, poverty of speech, and psychomotor retardation were included as negative symptoms, and delusions, hallucinations, and florid thought disorder as positive symptoms. Marked negative symptoms were found to occur in a subgroup of schizophrenic subjects at followup, but were infrequent in depressed subjects. Educational difficulties and poor social functioning before initial hospitalization were associated with later negative symptoms at followup for schizophrenic subjects. Negative symptoms were also related to concurrent outcome measures of instrumental and social functioning at followup. Contrary to some hypotheses, negative and positive symptoms, when assessed concurrently, were not at opposite ends of a bipolar continuum. Rather, they appeared to be independent phenomena in schizophrenia during the early posthospital phase. Overall, these results suggest that negative symptoms are important for a subgroup of schizophrenic patients during the early course of their disorder and that they have important correlates with specific aspects of role functioning.

Adolescent↗