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Biomedical subjects

M F Rogers

Publications and source records attributed to M F Rogers.

66 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

National case-control study of Kaposi's sarcoma and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men: Part 2. Laboratory results.

The Centers for Disease Control conducted a case-control study to investigate an outbreak of Kaposi's sarcoma and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men. The occurrence of these diseases was found to be associated with certain aspects of lifestyle, including a greater number of male sex partners per year, exposure to feces during sex, history of syphilis and non-B hepatitis, treatment for enteric parasites, and use of various illicit substances. Laboratory studies reflected both this lifestyle and the probable underlying cause of the Kaposi's sarcoma and P. carinii pneumonia--cellular immune deficiency. Patients were found to have lymphopenia, specifically a deficiency of the T-helper subpopulation, resulting in a reversal of the T-helper to T-suppressor ratio. Levels of IgG and IgA were increased. When compared with controls, patients were also found to have significantly higher titers of antibody to Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus, a higher prevalence of antibody to hepatitis A virus and Treponema pallidum, a lower prevalence of antibody to varicella zoster virus, and a higher frequency of isolation of cytomegalovirus.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1982

Kawasaki syndrome: association with the application of rug shampoo.

An outbreak of Kawasaki syndrome occurred in eastern Colorado during April and May, 1982. 48% of 23 cases had been exposed to the application of rug shampoo in the home in the 30 days before onset of disease, compared with 10% of 30 matched neighbourhood controls and 11% of 56 randomly chosen, matched community controls (p less than 0.01). The interval between rug shampooing and onset of disease was 16-25 days in 9 of 11 cases; 4 of the 9 had intervals of exactly 20 days. Although many brands of shampoo and three different methods of application were used, all but 1 of the cases had walked or crawled on the shampooed rugs within 2 h, the interval being significantly longer for those controls who had been exposed to the shampoo. 3 of 5 sporadic cases in Colorado who fell ill after November, 1981, had similar histories of exposure, as did 9 of 15 sporadic cases in eight other states who were contacted after the Colorado investigation. These findings suggest that exposure to the application of rug shampoo may be a risk factor for some cases of Kawasaki syndrome, although the mechanism remains to be determined.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1967

An octadecatrienoic acid from Lamium purpureum L. seed oil containing 5,6-allenic and trans-16-olefinic unsaturation.

1. Lamium purpureum L. (Labiatae) seed oil contains 16% of a new acid characterized as (-)-octadeca-5,6-trans-16-trienoic acid (proposed trivial name ;lamenallenic acid') (Ia). The acid was isolated as its methyl ester by countercurrent distribution by using a combination of recycle-single withdrawal techniques. Methyl lamenallenate (Ib) is strongly laevorotatory. 2. The structure was established by infrared spectroscopy, nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy, quantitative hydrogenation and oxidative cleavage data of the original acid and of hydrazine partial reduction products. 3. Other unsaturated esters identified by their cleavage products were oleate, linoleate and linolenate. 4. A very small amount (less than 1%) of methyl laballenate [(-)-methyl octadeca-5,6-dienoate] was also isolated and identified.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evidence against transmission of human T-lymphotropic virus/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) in families of children with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Six children with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and 12 of their household contacts were investigated serologically for evidence of infection with human T-lymphotropic virus/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV), the presumed etiologic agent of AIDS. All six children had antibody against HTLV-III/LAV, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, in each specimen tested. Of the two mothers studied both were seropositive; one was diagnosed with and died from AIDS. Four of the remaining 10 household members were seropositive, including three adults in groups at high risk for the development of AIDS and one sibling who was younger than the child with AIDS. Among the seronegative household contacts were four foster mothers or grandmothers of the children with AIDS, three of whom had cared for the children since infancy. Household contact with children with AIDS may include persons in groups at high risk for AIDS who have been infected with HTLV-III/LAV. However, the negative findings in household contacts without risk factors for AIDS suggest that horizontal transmission of the virus within households by means other than sexual contact must be infrequent.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunization of asymptomatic HIV-infected children with measles vaccine: assessment of risks and benefits.

Because HIV infection is associated with immunologic abnormalities, concerns have been expressed about the safety and efficacy of vaccination of infected children with live virus vaccines. The authors used decision analysis to assess the likely impacts of four alternative policies for immunization of asymptomatic HIV-infected children with measles vaccine. Probabilities for vaccine efficacy, vaccine-related adverse events, and measles complications in HIV-infected children and the prevalence of HIV infection in the birth cohort were obtained from a modified Delphi survey. Using median estimates from the Delphi survey, there were no major differences in outcomes under any proposed policy. Using the most extreme estimates, serologic testing and exclusion of seropositive children from vaccination or exclusion of all high-risk children decreased vaccine-associated adverse events without greatly increasing measles complications, primarily because of the current low incidence of measles. Under conditions assumed to exist in the United States today, alternate immunization policies have only minor differences in societal impact although costs would certainly differ.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Knowledge of HIV antibody status and decisions to continue or terminate pregnancy among intravenous drug users.

We studied decisions to continue or terminate pregnancy among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive (+) and -seronegative (-) intravenous drug users informed of HIV antibody status before 24 weeks' gestation. Fourteen (50%) of 28 HIV+ vs 16 (44%) of 36 HIV- women chose to terminate their pregnancies. In retrospective interviews, HIV+ women were more likely to have perceived their risk of perinatal HIV transmission to be greater than or equal to 50% and, among those who terminated pregnancy, to cite this concern as an important factor in their decision. However, decisions to terminate pregnancy were predicted more readily by pregnancy-related variables such as prior elective abortion, a negative emotional reaction to pregnancy, and whether the pregnancy had been unplanned. Women who were HIV+ and chose to continue their pregnancies cited the desire for a child, religious beliefs, and family pressure as the most important factors in their decisions. Results indicate that while concerns about perinatal transmission of HIV may lead to decisions to terminate pregnancy in certain cases, there may be other determinants of pregnancy decisions in this population. Counseling of HIV-infected women must address not only perinatal transmission but also the sociocultural and behavioral context in which pregnancy decision making takes place.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

AIDS in children: a review of the clinical, epidemiologic and public health aspects.

A high level of suspicion by every provider is very important to ensure diagnosis and complete reporting. Such active surveillance will enable effective national monitoring of the occurrence of the disease, the definition of new risk groups and the identification of unusual cases for further study. Physicians and health care workers should report all children and adults suspected of having AIDS to their state health departments who, in turn, report to the CDC. It is clear that the number of cases of AIDS in children and adolescents is increasing because of either increased occurrence, increased diagnosis and/or increased surveillance. Pediatric health care personnel, especially those in high prevalence areas and those caring for high risk populations, need to be aware of AIDS and the problem encountered in caring for these children.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reducing the risk of perinatal HIV transmission through zidovudine therapy: treatment recommendations and implications.

In recent years, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has emerged as a leading cause of death among young children, most of whom acquired their infection perinatally. Without effective prevention efforts, transmission of HIV through heterosexual sex will continue to increase among women, and the number of perinatally infected children will mirror this increase. In 1994, researchers at the National Institutes of Health and its collaborators announced results from a randomized clinical trial indicating that zidovudine therapy administered to a select group of HIV-infected pregnant women and their newborns reduced the risk of perinatal transmission by two-thirds. This article reviews this clinical trial and its significant findings, discusses the ensuing recommendations from the US Public Health Service, discusses their implications for prenatal counseling and testing, and describes future research needs.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preventing perinatal transmission of HIV--costs and effectiveness of a recommended intervention.

OBJECTIVE: To calculate the national costs of reducing perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus through counseling and voluntary testing of pregnant women and zidovudine treatment of infected women and their infants, as recommended by the Public Health Service, and to compare these costs with the savings from reducing the number of pediatric infections. METHOD: The authors analyzed the estimated costs of the intervention and the estimated cost savings from reducing the number of pediatric infections. The outcome measures are the number of infections prevented by the intervention and the net cost (cost of intervention minus the savings from a reduced number of pediatric HIV infections). The base model assumed that intervention participation and outcomes would resemble those found in the AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 076. Assumptions were varied regarding maternal seroprevalence, participation by HIV-infected women, the proportion of infected women who accepted and completed the treatment, and the efficacy of zidovudine to illustrate the effect of these assumptions on infections prevented and net cost. RESULTS: Without the intervention, a perinatal HIV transmission rate of 25% would result in 1750 HIV-infected infants born annually in the United States, with lifetime medical-care costs estimated at $282 million. The cost of the intervention (counseling, testing, and zidovudine treatment) was estimated to be $ 67.6 million. In the base model, the intervention would prevent 656 pediatric HIV infections with a medical care cost saving of $105.6 million. The net cost saving of the intervention was $38.1 million. CONCLUSION: Voluntary HIV screening of pregnant women and ziovudine treatment for infected women and their infants resulted in cost savings under most of the assumptions used in this analysis. These results strongly support implementation of the Public Health Service recommendations for this intervention.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗