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Biomedical subjects

M F Sherman

Publications and source records attributed to M F Sherman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Validity of patients' self-reported drug use as a function of treatment status.

Recent reviews conclude that there is some evidence that drug abusers' self-reports are reliable and valid. However, there are wide variations among studies depending upon the samples and procedures used to obtain the data. The current study was conducted to extend the findings in this area. An examination of the intake interviews and same day urinalyses on 150 patients enrolling for outpatient opioid detoxification or maintenance revealed a fairly high agreement between drug use self-reports and urinalyses. A second study (N = 70) looking at the validity of self-reported drug use at intake and at 4 weeks follow-up revealed some noticeable changes in validity measures, suggesting that contingencies on positive urine results influence self reported drug use of addicts.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Meniscal injury in the anterior cruciate-deficient knee. A rationale for clinical decision-making.

Meniscal injury is common in acute or chronic anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency. The patterns of meniscal lesions are predictable in the acute and chronically unstable knee. The early incidence of meniscal injury is high and increases with time. Meniscal repair has become increasingly successful. Techniques for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction have also improved, and with more progressive rehabilitation programmes, this has become a more tolerable procedure for both patients of highly athletic lifestyles and more moderate recreational athletes. The decision-making process for the sports medicine physician requires an overall assessment of many variables. A delicate balance of factors such as age, sex, joint laxity, activity level, individual motivation, social circumstances, associated meniscal, collateral ligament and/or chondral damage may sway the surgeon towards a nonoperative or operative decision. At the present time, a 'cook book' answer to each case presented is not available. As in all of medicine, each patient is an entity that requires an individual evaluation and a specific course of treatment. This review aims to help in this decision-making process. Future prospective studies investigating the many variables mentioned will hopefully objectively delineate guidelines for the choice of the most effective therapeutic regimen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

When are AIDS patients to blame for their disease? Effects of patients' sexual orientation and mode of transmission.

This study examined three factors affecting college students' attributions of blame for an AIDS patient's disease: sexual orientation of the patient, mode of HIV transmission, and the sex of the subject. 148 subjects read one of six vignettes describing an hypothetical AIDS patient who was described as either an heterosexual or an homosexual man who contracted HIV through one of three avenues: blood transfusion, sexual contact, or IV drug use. The homosexual AIDS patient was considered more to blame for his illness than the heterosexual AIDS patient, but only when mode of transmission was sexual contact. In addition, mode of HIV transmission was a significant factor in attributions of responsibility, as the patient who contracted HIV through a blood transfusion was rated as less responsible than the patient who contracted HIV through sexual behavior or IV drug use. Women consistently rated the AIDS patient as less responsible than did men.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Rationale and protocol for postoperative anterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation.

A rehabilitation program for postoperative anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction permits adequate tissue healing time and allows early protected muscular conditioning. The program is based on kinematic, biomechanical, and kinesiologic factors as they pertain to ACL function. The program is divided into five phases. The early phases, zero to 12 weeks, are intended to control translational forces across the ACL and to allow necessary time for ligament revascularization and soft-tissue healing. During this period, isometric and isotonic training of the hamstrings and quadriceps muscle groups in a restricted active arc of motion is permitted. Passive motion is encouraged, and progressive weight bearing is allowed. Conditioning of the upper body as well as the nonsurgical lower limb is stressed. During the advanced phases, 12-31 weeks, isotonic muscle training continues throughout a full range of motion. Greater strength, coordination, and endurance to achieve dynamic stability of the knee, preparing the patient for unrestricted activity, are stressed. Approximately 52 weeks of active rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction surgery are usually required to return to a preinjury level of function.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1989

Relationship between alcohol expectancies and length of abstinence among Alcoholics Anonymous members.

Previous research has demonstrated a consistent relationship between alcohol expectancies (i.e., cognitive expectancies concerning the reinforcing effects of alcohol) and alcohol consumption patterns. To date, no study has examined the expectancies of recovering alcoholics who have attained extended abstinence. One hundred and fourteen Alcoholics Anonymous members were examined. Significant negative correlations were found between the recovering alcoholic's length of sobriety and many of the alcohol expectancy scales. In addition, 11 items from the Customary Drinking Record-Revised and 2 items from the Demographic Data Sheet were factor analyzed resulting in the retention of two factors, Quality of Life and Desire to Drink. These factors seemed to be tapping important dimensions in the alcoholic's recovery. Two alcohol expectancy scales were found to be significantly predictive of the Desire to Drink and Quality of Life factors that were used as criteria in multiple regression equations.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Primary repair of the anterior cruciate ligament.

The article reviews the clinical features of the acutely torn anterior cruciate ligament. The alternatives and techniques of repair are discussed. Results of primary repair are presented. A rationale for therapeutic options is presented.

Arthroplasty↗
PubMed1988

Knee bracing.

Bracing the knee is a controversial, complex, and often confusing subject. Knee braces are categorized as either prophylactic, rehabilitative, or functional. Bracing goals are to prevent, assist, restrict, align, or simulate function of the knee. A working knowledge of the capabilities and limitations of specific braces in these different categories is required of the physician to properly prescribe these orthotics.

Braces↗
PubMed1988

A clinical and radiographical analysis of 127 anterior cruciate insufficient knees.

The progression from chronic anterior cruciate instability to degeneration of the knee has been well documented in animal studies. However, the literature is unclear as to the overall consequences with respect to the development of osteoarthritis. The long-term consequences of the anterior cruciate insufficient knee with or without associated medial collateral ligament insufficiency was investigated in 127 consecutive patients. The effects of meniscal injury and/or meniscectomy in the presence of ligamentous insufficiency was correlated with roentgenographic observations. A scoring system was devised and found to show that anterior cruciate insufficiency naturally progresses toward degenerative osteoarthritis. Meniscectomy with and without an associated medial collateral ligament insufficiency hastens the degenerative process. Progressive functional deterioration was shown to correlate with roentgenographic evidence of degenerative changes. The ultimate success of surgical repairs and reconstructions of the anterior cruciate ligament will not be based only upon functional return to activity or objective stability, but will also depend on the procedure's ability to prevent later development of degenerative osteoarthritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The index of choice: indications of methadone patients' selection of naltrexone treatment.

Self-report inventories from 35 male methadone patients were examined for possible indicators of intent to choose naltrexone treatment. The index of choice, a composite score derived from the analysis, was developed for each patient and compared to naltrexone treatment status at 6-month follow-up. There was a highly significant relationship between scores on the index of choice and the actual process of naltrexone selection. Patients who elected to detoxify from methadone, who were less confident of their ability to remain opiate-free, and who also expressed greater fear of losing the security that maintenance had helped them attain, intended to choose, exhibited greater interest in, and actually selected naltrexone treatment more often. A significant number of maintenance patients who had been prescribed methadone at higher doses and for longer periods of time rejected naltrexone. Failure is the factor that seems to motivate methadone patients to respond to the selection process. Although perceptions of "failure to remain free of illicit opiates" may have enhanced interest in naltrexone, perceptions of "failure to detoxify from methadone" diminished naltrexone's appeal, and actual "failure to remain free of illicit opiates" following methadone detoxification precluded patient participation. Thus, dilemmas appeared to exist. The index of choice may prove to be effective in the evaluation of these dilemmas encountered by patients throughout the selection process, and recommendations for intervention are made. Cautious application of the index of choice is advised until the relationships with retention and success in naltrexone treatment are more clearly demonstrated in future research.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The accuracy of double-contrast arthrographic evaluation of the anterior cruciate ligament. A retrospective review of one hundred and sixty-three knees with surgical confirmation.

In a retrospective review of 163 knees, the double-contrast arthrogram proved to be an accurate method of evaluating the anterior cruciate ligament. The status of the ligament was examined arthrographically with two stress lateral projections: a horizontal cross-table radiograph and a fluoroscopic spot radiograph. The condition of the ligament was interpreted as being normal, lax but intact, torn with intact synovial tissue, or torn or absent. The status of the ligament was subsequently determined at either arthrotomy or arthroscopy by inspection, palpation, and judgment of the degree of tension under stress. The arthrographic diagnosis was found to be 91.4 per cent accurate within the individual subclassifications and 95 per cent accurate in confirming the ligament to be either intact or abnormal. Injury to the anterior cruciate ligament frequently occurs in association with meniscal tears. In our series, 138 of the 163 knees had either a meniscal or a cruciate lesion, or both. Of these, forty-one (30 per cent) had a meniscal lesion, thirty-four (25 per cent) had a cruciate lesion, and sixty-three (45 per cent) had both. We have found the double-contrast arthrogram to be an accurate method of determining the condition of both the anterior cruciate ligament and the menisci in a single outpatient examination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

An in vitro biomechanical evaluation of anterior-posterior motion of the knee. Tibial displacement, rotation, and torque.

We tested the anterior-posterior motion of nine normal cadaver knees in zero to 90 degrees of flexion using a specially designed apparatus. This apparatus applied a dynamic anterior-posterior force to each knee and measured the resulting tibial displacement, rotation, and torque. In the intact knee, an anterior force produced an internal tibial torque and internal tibial rotation, while a posterior force produced an external torque and external rotation. Anterior-posterior displacement increased by 30 per cent when the tibia was allowed to rotate freely about its neutral rotation position. Isolated section of the anterior cruciate ligament produced more than double the amount of anterior displacement without affecting posterior displacement. Isolated section of the posterior cruciate ligament produced almost triple the amount of posterior displacement without affecting anterior displacement. After cutting either the anterior or the posterior cruciate ligament, the resulting internal or external secondary tibial rotation disappeared. It appears, therefore, that the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments are the primary restraints to motion in the anterior and posterior directions as well as the causes of internal and external tibial rotation during anterior and posterior motion.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Lucent articular lesion in the lateral femoral condyle: source of patellar femoral pain in the athletic adolescent.

A lucent femoral lesion was identified on the articular surface of the lateral femoral condyle in four young athletic males. The lesion occurred on the anterior aspect of the lateral femoral condyle just distal to the epiphyseal plate corresponding to the level of the patella. These patients had patellar femoral pain and symptoms consistent with "chondromalacia patellae" or one of the patellar pain syndromes. This femoral lesion has clinical and radiographic manifestations and probably a traumatic etiology similar to osteochondritis dissecans. Radiographically, the femoral lesion is not demonstrated on the routine anteroposterior, tunnel, or skyline views, and it is easily overlooked on the lateral view. The lesion can be identified radiographically on a Merchant view or on fluoroscopic spot films, and it is "hot" on a radionuclide bone scan. Once identified, arthrography and arthrotomography are useful to determine the integrity of the overlying articular cartilage.

Adolescent↗