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Biomedical subjects

M F Slavik

Publications and source records attributed to M F Slavik.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy in turkeys of spray vaccination with a temperature-sensitive mutant of Bordetella avium (Art Vax).

Broad-breasted white turkeys were vaccinated with a temperature-sensitive mutant of Bordetella avium (Art Vax) at 2 and 15 days of age and challenged at 22 days of age by contact with infected birds. Necropsy was performed at 35 days of age. Two vaccination protocols (eyedrop/oral and spray cabinet/spray bottle) and two challenge isolates (Arkansas 105 and North Carolina [NC] isolates) were used. Neither the spray nor the eyedrop/oral methods of vaccination prevented infection of the anterior trachea with either of the virulent challenge strains. The spray and eyedrop/oral methods of vaccination were equally effective in reducing the severity of gross lesions in the trachea. The vaccine reduced the severity of gross lesions in the tracheas of turkeys challenged with the NC isolate to a level approximately equal to that observed in unchallenged vaccinated controls, but the vaccine only moderately reduced the severity of lesions in birds challenged with the 105 isolate.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The efficacy of a temperature-sensitive mutant vaccine against Northwest Arkansas isolates of Alcaligenes faecalis.

The efficacy of a commercially produced temperature-sensitive mutant Alcaligenes faecalis vaccine was evaluated in turkeys contact-challenged with one of three strains of A. faecalis. In the vaccinated control group, the vaccine strain of A. faecalis colonized the nasal turbinates but not the trachea, caused no clinical signs of turkey coryza, and induced humoral antibodies. In the vaccinated challenged groups, the vaccine reduced both the severity of lesions and the number of birds exhibiting lesions compared with unvaccinated challenged groups, but it did not prevent colonization of challenge strains of A. faecalis.

Alcaligenes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Studies on the use of a long-acting oxytetracycline in turkeys: serum levels and tissue residues following injection.

Forty 6-week-old large white commercial turkeys were injected subcutaneously with a long-acting oxytetracycline formulation (69 mg/lb). The turkeys were divided into four groups of 10 birds each, and the birds in each group were bled twice at different times between 4 and 144 hours postinjection (PI) to determine serum levels of oxytetracycline. Two additional groups of turkeys were also given the long-acting oxytetracycline formulation mixed with either neomycin or a bacterin for Pasteurella multocida to determine if either of these compounds interfered with absorption of the oxytetracycline. Serum levels of oxytetracycline were 5.38 micrograms/ml, 1.59 microgram/ml, and 0.93 microgram/ml at 24, 48, and 72 hours PI, respectively, following an average dose of 69 mg/lb of body weight. These levels are all considered therapeutic. There appeared to be no interference with absorption of oxytetracycline when mixed with either neomycin or the bacterin. Tissue residues of oxytetracycline in the muscle, liver, and kidney were within tolerance levels by 3 weeks PI.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of Mycoplasma gallisepticum on genetically defined chickens.

Three parameters were used to measure differences between Arkansas progressor and regressor lines of chickens in response to Mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculations. The responses of regressor and progressor lines to M. gallisepticum did not differ as judged by antibody response, severity of airsacculitis, and resistance of tracheal ring tissue cultures from 20-day-old progressor and regressor chick embryos to M. gallisepticum.

Air Sacs↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Studies on the use of a long-acting oxytetracycline in turkeys: efficacy against experimental infections with Alcaligenes faecalis and Pasteurella multocida.

A group of 2-week-old turkey poults was inoculated with a pathogenic strain of Alcaligenes faecalis. One week later, half the group was injected with a long-acting oxytetracycline formulation. Poults were examined post-mortem on days 3, 5, and 10 post-treatment. Swabs were taken of the trachea, sinus, and lung of each poult. Poults were observed closely for clinical signs, and appropriate tissues were taken for histopathology. Results showed no evidence of therapeutic effect on A. faecalis infection in vivo, even though the organism was highly sensitive in vitro. Six-week-old turkeys were inoculated intramuscularly with 3.7 X 10(3) organisms of the P-1059 strain of Pasteurella multocida. Immediately following inoculation, half the group was treated with the long-acting oxytetracycline. Ninety percent of the untreated poults were dead 72 hours postinoculation, whereas none of the treated turkeys died. No evidence of any clinical disease was observed in the treated group during the 8-day observation period. The long-acting oxytetracycline product was highly efficacious in preventing disease caused by experimental inoculation with the P-1059 strain of P. multocida.

Alcaligenes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Detection of inhibitors in chicken tracheal washings against Mycoplasma gallisepticum.

A chicken tracheal ring tissue-culture system was used to demonstrate that specific and nonspecific substances in chicken tracheal secretions inhibit the cilia-stopping effect (CSE) of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG). In chickens less than six weeks old, specific inhibitory substances were found in tracheal washings from chickens inoculated with MG. Nonspecific inhibitory substances were found in tracheal washes from untreated chickens seven weeks or older. Complement may play a role in the inhibition of CSE. Secretory immunoglobulin A was not detected in the tracheal washes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Field evaluation of a microtitration complement-fixation test for diagnosis of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens.

Results of a direct microtitration complement-fixation (CF) test were compared with hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test results in diagnosing Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection of chickens in the field. Of 16 flocks negative for MG by the HI test, eight were CF-positive. Of nine flocks that were HI-positive for MG, three were CF-negative. It was concluded that the CF test is not effective in diagnosing MG infection of chickens in the field.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of humidity on infection of turkeys with Alcaligenes faecalis.

Turkeys maintained at 75% to 80% relative humidity were more adversely affected by Alcaligenes faecalis infection than turkeys maintained at 20 to 35% relative humidity. Alcaligenes faecalis was reisolated earlier and more often from turkeys maintained at the higher humidity. Clinically, the turkeys maintained at high humidity exhibited both sinusitis and conjunctivitis earlier than the turkeys at low humidity. In both groups, antibody titers as determined by a microagglutination test developed by 2 weeks postinoculation and started to decline after the third week, lymphocytosis was demonstrated at 1 week postinoculation, and a lymphopenia developed at 5 weeks postinoculation.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of a microtitration complement-fixation test for diagnosis of Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens.

A direct microtitration complement-fixation (CF) test was developed for diagnosis of Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens. CF titers were demonstrated three weeks postinoculation in chickens inoculated intratracheally with M. gallisepticum. The direct microtitration CF test appeared comparable to the hemagglutination-inhibition test in sensitivity and specificity. Addition of fresh chicken serum to lyophilized guinea pig complement (GPC') was not necessary to enhance fixaton of GPC' by the immune complex of M. gallisepticum CF antigen and chicken MG antibodies. Attempts to use this CF test in detecting antibodies against Mycoplasma synoviae in chickens failed because the M. synoviae CF antigen was often anticomplementary and nonspecific.

Agglutination Tests↗