Components of media used for isolation of certain slow growing mycobacteria.
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Culture Media↗
Biomedical subjects
M F Thorel
Publications and source records attributed to M F Thorel.
Glycolipid antigen for use in diagnostic assays for bovine tuberculosis.
A glycolipid antigen, was isolated, purified and characterized from Mycobacterium bovis An5. Chemical analysis (thin-layer chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectra) showed that this glycolipid was a 2,3-di-O-acyl trehalose (DAT), similar to the DAT of M. tuberculosis. This antigen was used to establish ELISA-based serodiagnostic tests for M. bovis-infected cattle. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay were investigated using sera of cattle from tuberculosis-free herds and from tuberculosis-infected herds. No correlation was found between DAT-ELISA and the skin test, nor between DAT-ELISA and interferon-gamma with bovine purified protein derivative. The antibody titres were not related to cell-mediated immunity. Although the antigen was highly specific (95.9%), the sensitivity of DAT-ELISA, as judged from assays in bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis, was low (29 to 36.8%). The low sensitivity of ELISA might also be attributed to a reciprocal relationship between B-cell proliferation and T-cell protective immunity.
Animals↗
[A case of skin angioleiomyolipoma studied with ultrasonography].
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Angiomyolipoma↗
[Use of the macrophage migration inhibition test in the study of relationships between mycobacterial antigens].
In this study, 3 groups of 15 rabbits each were sensitized with killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. kansasii or M. avium bacteria. The sensitization was performed through the footpad. Eighteen days after sensitization, cellular immunity of the rabbits was tested with total homologous and heterologous antigens by direct and indirect migration inhibition tests using spleen macrophages. The bacteria were sonicated and centrifuged at 100,000 g for 1 h. The supernatant was used as the cytoplasmic antigen. Assayed by indirect migration, the migration index (MI) for homologous antigens was highly specific compared to heterologous antigens (MI of 0,60-0,65 compared to 0,79-0,96). The patterns obtained for rabbits sensitized with M. tuberculosis or M. kansasii when assayed by direct migration in the presence of homologous antigens (MI of 0,58 and 0,61, respectively) were similar. M. avium gave a distinct pattern. The results obtained indicate that crossed activity with heterologous antigens would be due to the presence of common components in the total antigens of the mycobacteria in question. On the other hand, the lower specificity of the direct test would result from the role played by humoral factors and antibodies, which might influence simultaneously migration of the target macrophages.
Animals↗
[Mycobacteria identified in a centre for veterinary research between 1973 and 1979 (author's transl)].
During the years 1973 to 1979 the Central Laboratory of Veterinary Research in Alfort identified 425 strains of mycobacteria: 93 were pure cultures received from other laboratories, and the remaining 332 were isolated in this laboratory from 590 pathological specimens of different origin and from 12 samples from the environment. Sixteen species were identified, using biochemical criteria and drug sensitivity. "Tuberculous" mycobacteria (Mycobacterium bovis, M. tuberculosis and M. africanum) where the most frequent (58.5%), and "non-tuberculous" mycobacteria (41,5%) were identified as M. avium-intracellulare (136 strains), M. peregrinum (10 strains), M. paratuberculosis (5 strains), M. terrae (5 strains), M. chelonei (4 strains), M. fortuitum (2 strains), and M. aurum, M. vaccae, M. marinum and M. gordonae (1 strain of each). From the specimens received for isolation the more frequent organisms isolated were M. bovis (55%) and M. avium-intracellular (32%).
Animals↗
[Comparative study of mycobactin-dependent strains of mycobacteria isolated from the wood-pigeon with Mycobacterium avium and M. paratuberculosis: study of biological and antigenic characteristics].
In this investigation three mycobacterial strains isolated in our laboratory from wood-pigeons were compared with one strain isolated by Matthews and another by Jorgensen from, respectively, a wood-pigeon and a roe-deer. The strains were also compared with various strains of Mycobacterium avium and M. paratuberculosis. The strains isolated from the wood-pigeons formed a relatively homogeneous group, which could be distinguished from M. avium and M. paratuberculosis. It was interesting to verify that most of the cultural and biochemical properties of the wood-pigeon mycobacteria were similar to those of M. paratuberculosis. The strains formed rough colonies and grew slowly in special mediums containing M. phlei extracts or mycobactin. However, one must recall that mycobactin dependence was also reported by Matthews for some strains of M. avium. The tween hydrolysis test (10 days), negative for M. avium, was positive for both the wood-pigeon mycobacteria and M. paratuberculosis. The trehalase test, which appears to be regularly positive for M. avium, was also positive for the wood-pigeon mycobacteria and M. paratuberculosis. In respect to drug susceptibility, no significant differences were observed. The organisms were resistant to most drugs studied, but were also resistant to cycloserine, in contrast to most M. avium strains. On the other hand, the organisms were not distinguished using sensitins, prepared from wood-pigeon mycobacteria and M. paratuberculosis using specifically sensitized guinea-pigs. However, the wood-pigeon mycobacteria could be clearly differentiated from M. paratuberculosis and M. avium using serology methods. Indeed, the wood-pigeon mycobacteria did not agglutinate in the presence of any of the sera defining the M. avium-intracellulare serovars (serovars 1 to 28); and by immunodiffusion in agar the wood-pigeon mycobacteria antigens formed two precipitation lines which were absent from M. paratuberculosis. Judging from our findings, the wood-pigeon mycobacteria are more closely related to M. paratuberculosis than to M. avium. It appears that biochemical and antigenic properties are not sufficient to completely differentiate these bacteria. Further studies are needed, and we plan to investigate in the near future their pathogenicity for rabbits, chicken and calves.
Animals↗
[Comparative study of serotypes of "Mycobacterium avium" isolated from human and animal (author's transl)].
The large number of avian strains isolated from pathological samples lead us to use serologic method in order to compare the serotypes of animal and human strains. The results show that the serotypes identified in strains from man (1, 2, 8, 9, 12, 14, 16 and 20) are more numerous than those identified in strains from animals (1, 2, 3, 4 and 8), and that the serotypes 1, 2 and 3 are found in animals more often (98%) than in man (47%). The distribution of the identified serotypes are similar to Piening et al's and Schaefer's but with different proportion, and inverse to Nemoto's and Tsukamura's. The transmission of M. avium from animal to man by the intermediary of the environment is discussed.
Animals↗
Mycobacterium avium infections in animals. Literature review.
Mycobacterium avium causes tuberculosis in chickens and other fowls but can also infect an extensive range of different animal species. The authors reviewed the available literature on this organism to show the importance of M avium infection.
Animals↗
Isolation of Mycobacterium bovis from baboons, leopards and a sea-lion.
This study reports on two series of cases of Mycobacterium bovis infection in zoo animals. The first was in a captive population of baboons (Papio hamadryas) and the second in a mixed group of wild mammals, including four leopards (Panthera uncia and Panthera pardus) and a sea-lion (Otaria byrona). The isolation and identification of strains of M. bovis confirmed the presence of M. bovis infections in both zoos. The epidemiological study using genetic markers such as the IS6110-based DNA fingerprinting system made it possible to differentiate between M. bovis strains. The M. bovis strains isolated from baboons were shown to contain a single IS6110 copy, as usually do cattle isolates, whereas the M. bovis strains isolated from the other exotic animals presented multiple copies. This finding suggests that the origin of the contamination for the baboons in zoo A could be related to cattle. The origin of the contamination for the leopards and sea-lion in zoo B is more difficult to determine. In conclusion, the authors suggest some recommendations for avoiding outbreaks of tuberculosis infections in zoos.
Animals↗