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Biomedical subjects

M F Whiteside

Publications and source records attributed to M F Whiteside.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Parental factors and the young child's postdivorce adjustment: a meta-analysis with implications for parenting arrangements.

A model-based meta-analytic review highlighted relationships critical for understanding the young child's postdivorce adjustment when planning parenting arrangements. This review confirmed the utility of an interactional model that includes preseparation information and information about father, mother, and the parental alliance. Interactions among the quality and frequency of father's involvement in relation to postdivorce child adjustment that were not clear in studies looking only at direct effects of father-access variables were identified. Results indicated that maternal variables should not be viewed in isolation from the parental alliance or from the father-child relationship. The review discusses variables promoting developmental competence as well as risk factors that clearly interfere with both parental and child functioning.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1998

The parental alliance following divorce: an overview.

The empirical literature on the postdivorce parental alliance was reviewed with a focus on implications for clinical interventions by family therapists. Variables of cooperation and conflict between parents, individual parenting style, and personal adjustment were significantly interrelated and a range of co-parenting behaviors related to these variables was documented. A typology of divorcing families can be useful in predicting risks for child difficulties and in developing appropriate parenting plans. Clinical interventions need to be tailored to the unique characteristics and resources of a given family and can speak to multiple points of the family system.

Conflict, Psychological↗
PubMed1994

Computerized performance support systems: applications in a family practice clerkship.

This article describes a computerized performance support system, the Clerkship Learning Expert and Resource Consultant (CLERC), developed to improve the quality and consistency of learning available to medical students in a third-year family practice clerkship. CLERC is an integrated computer system with an interactive knowledge base, software applications, literature search capabilities, and clinical diagnostic software programs. Medical students enrolled in a third-year family practice clerkship use CLERC to access up-to-date clinical information and to complete clerkship assignments.

Clinical Clerkship↗
PubMed1989

Halstedian technique revisited. Innovations in teaching surgical skills.

This paper reviews the laboratory models used to teach fundamental surgical skills in our general surgery residency. The laboratory modules allow supervision and self-instruction, practice, and videotape monitoring of the following techniques: skin incision, suturing, knot tying, hemostasis, vascular anastomosis, and intestinal anastomosis. Pigs' feet simulate human skin for exercises in skin incision, lesion excision, suturing, and basic plastic surgical techniques. Latex tubing and penrose drains allow experience in suturing, knot tying, and hemostasis. Polytetrafluoroethylene vascular prostheses permit quantification of the precision of needle passage and suturing by measurement of leakage of water through a vascular anastomosis. Reconstituted, lyophilized, irradiated bovine arteries and ileum provide models of biologic tissue for creating handsewn vascular anastomoses and sutured or stapled gastrointestinal anastomoses. A headlamp videocamera allows unobstructive recording of the resident's technical performance and provides subsequent visual feedback for self-improvement when compared to reference instructional videotapes. We feel that these innovations may enhance surgical dexterity of residents without the need for animal sacrifice. Our goal is to foreshorten the learning curve for basic surgical skills and improve performance in the clinical operating room.

General Surgery↗
PubMed1988

The good ol' days is now: trends in operative experience of general surgical residents over 25 years.

To define the changing trends in operative experience of general surgery residents, the records of all residents completing our training program from 1964-1987 were reviewed. Except for a slight decline in operative experience in head and neck and gastric surgery, the experience in other primary component procedures either remained stable (major breast, esophagus, intestine, colon, pancreas, spleen and endocrine) or increased (minor breast, anorectal, hernia, biliary, vascular and trauma). A rich experience in secondary component procedures was maintained in thoracic, pediatric and plastic surgery, all of which are services within the department of surgery. A relatively low but stable experience in gynecology, neurosurgery, orthopaedics and urology has been reported, which did not change when these disciplines became separate departments. Finally, there has been a dramatic increase in endoscopic procedures performed in the surgery department despite the presence of endoscopic services in other departments. It is believed that such an institutional review of surgical resident caseload over time will be of help not only to program directors but also to accrediting and certifying organizations concerned with surgical training programs and their graduates.

Arkansas↗
PubMed1987

Preparing allied health faculty to use and develop computer-assisted instruction.

Microcomputers can be powerful teaching tools if educators learn to develop effective computer-assisted instruction (CAI). This paper reports on an allied health faculty development project that incorporated hands-on workshops and guided individual instruction led by a specialist in the educational uses of microcomputers. Faculty participants gained basic computer literacy skills and learned to assess the salient characteristics of quality software. They also learned specialized skills for designing their own CAI packages. The positive change in participants' knowledge about and attitude toward microcomputers as instructional tools was measured both subjectively by the authors and by a participants' self-report questionnaire. This project can serve as a model for helping allied health educators become computer literate and gain the skills necessary to evaluate and author quality computer-assisted instruction.

Arkansas↗
PubMed1987

A review of recruitment and retention programs for minority and disadvantaged students in health professions education.

Since the late 1960s, allied health educators have been providing special activities designed to recruit and graduate minority and disadvantaged students. Summer enrichment, prematriculation, and a variety of other student support programs have been used to benefit students, institutions, and society. Colleges of allied health are becoming increasingly concerned with recruiting and retaining all students. Fortunately, lessons learned from these special programs can be used to ensure the enrollment of capable learners and the graduation of competent allied health professionals. To accomplish this, student recruitment and retention must be viewed as a process of interrelated activities. Faculty, students, and administrators must be involved in planning, implementing, and evaluating programs to ensure that the components of the recruitment and retention process are meeting the needs of the learner and the institution. This article provides a historical perspective of these activities and suggests means by which process components could be made more effective.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Helping hospital educators and clinical nurse specialists learn to use and develop computer-assisted instruction.

The impact of computers on healthcare delivery and management is both significant and increasing. Coupled with its potential educational benefits, computer-assisted instruction (CAI) has much to offer healthcare professionals. However, the individuals directly responsible for training nurses and other personnel typically have little knowledge about how computers can be used for training purposes. A series of workshops was designed for hospital educators and clinical nurse specialists to help them become computer literate and to provide them with the skills to evaluate, develop, and appropriately implement instructional software was emphasized during a series of formal seminars, guided individual instruction, and guided independent practice laboratory sessions. This approach resulted in a significant increase in participants' knowledge about computers while maintaining their positive attitudes toward the instructional uses of computers. A well-designed staff development program can provide these crucial individuals with the skills and knowledge required to use microcomputers and CAI as effective teaching and learning tools.

Computer User Training↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microcomputer authoring systems: valuable tools for health educators.

Writing courseware with the aid of an authoring system is a bold step that can bring together the health education content expert and the power of the microcomputer. The microcomputer can be programmed to present essential knowledge to students in a low pressure setting, specifically geared to their levels of comprehension and rates of progression. Microcomputer-based simulations and patient management problems seem suited to the task helping students develop adequate problem-solving skills in health education (Lewis, 1983; Peterson, 1984). Furthermore, many lecture hours can be replaced by an infinitely patient tutor with which students can interact at their convenience. Creating self-study materials delivered via microcomputer is also a step toward providing the most effective type of learning experiences for individual students. Despite the fact that putting authoring systems in the hands of well-informed content specialists may meet a number of pressing needs in health education, there is one drawback. Authoring systems have a built-in pedagogical structure that, to some extent, dictates the design of the lesson. However, spending time in the evaluation process prior to purchase will enable educators to identify a system that can be used to develop courseware that very closely matches the desires of the author. Integrating microcomputer courseware into health education courses is certainly an attractive solution to some of the educational problems faced in health education today. An authoring system can be used to develop courseware that can substituted for lectures on basic concepts. In addition, students will have more opportunities to develop the ability to apply, in problem-solving situations, the factual knowledge they are learning before they are responsible for making judgments in real-life situations. The time is ripe, then, for health educators to investigate how authoring systems can help them utilize the technology of the microcomputer to improve health education.

Computer Literacy↗