[Dynamic examination technique in meniscus sonography].
The aim of this study was to introduce an improved dynamic examination technique for sonographic assessment of the menisci, a technique that takes into account the special anatomy and function of the knee joint. The dynamic examination technique was used together with a 7.5 mhz sector transducer fitted with a water or PVC pad attachment when the area around the anterior horn and the pars intermedia was being scanned. Misinterpretation as a result of confusing reflections from a tear with the Hoffa fatty pad, popliteal tendon or popliteal groove can be largely avoided owing to the better sonoanatomic imaging and orientation. Diagnosing lesions of the meniscus from echogenic torn surfaces has also become easier thanks to dynamic examination. 60 patients with, for the most part, chronic knee-joint complaints were selected. A comparison of sonographic and arthroscopic findings demonstrated that large percentages of tears in the meniscus can be detected (76.7%) or ruled out (90.0%), and that recent longitudinal tears, flap and non-luxated bucket-handle tears can be considered to be "ideal" tear shapes. Because of its high specificity, sonography of the meniscus presents itself as a suitable method when lesions have to be ruled out, especially in recent knee injuries where clinical findings are unclear. On the other hand, if there are sure indications of a tear, sonography of the meniscus makes it possible to introduce therapeutic measures immediately and thereby to avoid any possible secondary damage.