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Biomedical subjects

M Farber

Publications and source records attributed to M Farber.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Branch retinal vein occlusion and quadratic variation in arteriovenous crossings.

To explore further the origin and clinically observed regional variation of branch retinal vein occlusion, we studied fluorescein angiograms of 42 patients (42 eyes) with branch retinal vein occlusion and a control population of 126 consecutive patients. In a statistically significant percentage of crossings, the artery was anterior to the vein in those areas of the retina clinically predisposed to branch retinal vein occlusion. Thirty-nine of the 42 patients with branch retinal vein occlusion sites had artery-anterior-to-vein crossings (P = .002), whereas 183 of all 266 arteriovenous crossings in these same eyes were similarly positioned. The artery lay anterior to the vein in significantly more temporal retinal crossings (337 of 457) than nasal retinal crossings (89 of 149; P = .002). Similarly, significantly more superotemporal quadrant crossings (164 of 209) than inferotemporal quadrant crossings (173 of 248) had the artery anterior to the vein (P = .0045). These results suggested that variation in the pattern of arteriovenous crossings may have a role in the clinical distribution of branch retinal vein occlusion.

Aging↗
PubMed1992

Jaccoud's arthropathy and inflammatory bowel disease.

A patient with longstanding ulcerative colitis developed an arthropathy of the hands and feet characterized by subluxations at the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints without apparent osseous erosions. This could be a case of Jaccoud's arthropathy associated with inflammatory bowel disease.

Arthritis↗
PubMed1991

An update on techniques of photocoagulation treatment of proliferative sickle cell retinopathy.

Proliferative sickle cell retinopathy (PSR) can lead to visual loss from vitreous haemorrhage and traction or rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. We review two techniques of photocoagulation for PSR, feeder vessel photocoagulation and scatter photocoagulation. A prospective randomised trial of feeder vessel photocoagulation for PSR demonstrated that the incidence of vitreous haemorrhage and visual loss was diminished in eyes which were treated. Since this technique of treatment is difficult and can be associated with choroidal neovascularisation and retinal tears, scatter photocoagulation has also been tested. A prospective randomised trial of scatter photocoagulation for PSR demonstrated a decreased incidence of vitreous haemorrhage and visual loss in treated eyes compared to untreated eyes. No complications of scatter treatment were noted. We presently recommend local scatter photocoagulation to areas of PSR. In unreliable patients, we recommend 360 degrees of peripheral circumferential treatment as otherwise new seafans will develop. If scatter photocoagulation does not result in sufficient regression of the neovascularisation and vision threatening complications such as vitreous haemorrhage continue, feeder vessel treatment can be used to supplement the scatter treatment.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed1990

Is chromosome 10 a primary chromosomal abnormality in endometrial adenocarcinoma?

Seven cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma (EC) are reported. Two of these cases exhibited diploid chromosome ranges and showed simple rearrangements involving a chromosomal abnormality of chromosome 10. In four cases, the chromosome number ranged between 50 and 70; rearrangements were more complex, with many abnormalities such as homogeneously stained regions, minutes, dicentrics, and ring chromosomes. In one case, two subpopulations of cells were detected, one in a diploid chromosome range with chromosome 10 altered, and the second, very pleomorphic. These abnormalities are probably due to the evolution of a destabilized genome and represent a consequence of the advanced stage of the disease. The importance of simple abnormalities as clues to the primary chromosomal change, and the possibility that chromosome 10 represents the primary chromosomal alteration event in EC, are discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Eyelid lipoid granuloma following topical ointment application.

Subcutaneous lipogranulomas have been known to occur after injection of lipids for cosmetic or therapeutic reasons. Fibrosis may occur around the granulomas, giving them a lobulated appearance that can clinically mimic a malignancy. Of the few reports of lipogranulomas after the use of topical ointment, none have occurred in the eyelid. We report a case of subconjunctival lipogranulomas after the use of topical ointment whose clinical appearance was suggestive of sebaceous gland carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Duplication of the uterus with a noncommunicating functioning uterine horn.

Incomplete duplication of the uterus with a functioning noncommunicating uterine horn is a rare developmental anomaly of the paramesonephric ducts. Although usually described in association with obstetric catastrophes, it has been reported recently in young women with gynecologic complaints. We describe a nulliparous patient with dysmenorrhea that had increased since menarche and a large pelvic mass. Surgical exploration revealed incomplete uterine duplication with a noncommunicating functioning uterine horn with a large hematosalpinx due to cryptomenorrhea. Inclusion of the anomaly in the differential diagnosis of young women with intractable, increasing dysmenorrhea and a pelvic mass will lead to prompt surgical intervention and obviate a catastrophic obstetric event.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Cytogenetics of an endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line and its implications.

Despite the fact that adenocarcinoma of the endometrium is currently the most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States, few chromosomal studies have been done to date characterizing this disease. HEC-1A, a cell line used by many laboratories as a reference cell line for endometrial carcinoma, has never been subjected to definitive karyotyping. For this reason, with the use of improved banding techniques, this has now been accomplished, and several consistent abnormalities have been identified. There was a marker chromosome formed from an insertion of 2q21, probably representing an insertion of the lacking chromosome 14. In addition, there was a translocation to the telomeric region of 1p; and trisomies of 3, 7, and 17. Many of these abnormalities are known to consistently be associated with other primary malignancies. In addition, the chromosomes in which trisomy is noted carry genes associated with epidermal growth factor and estrogen receptors, which also bear marked homology to known oncogenes. It would appear that further detailed studies of various grades and stages of endometrial carcinoma, as well as histologic types and "precursor lesions," may lead to an understanding of those chromosomal changes associated with disease initiation and progression.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Cerebroretinal vasculopathy. A new hereditary syndrome.

A new hereditary syndrome characterized by a frontoparietal lobe pseudotumor and retinal capillary abnormalities is described. A pedigree is presented in which characteristic ophthalmic findings have been found in ten family members and are suspected in eight additional family members spanning a total of four generations. Typical retinal findings include perifoveal capillary obliteration, peripheral focal capillary occlusion, and microvascular abnormalities, particularly involving the posterior pole. Eight patients spanning three generations had a central nervous system pseudotumor with identical histopathology. Histopathologic analysis of brain tissue shows a characteristic pattern of an unusual vasculopathy without vasculitis characterized by fibrinoid necrosis and resulting in necrosis of white matter with sparing of cortical brain tissue. The pedigree shows an apparent autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance with delayed expression of abnormalities. Of note, two patients unrelated to the pedigree having similar neuropathologic and retinal findings also have been seen at the authors' institution.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Retinal arteriolar changes in patients with hyperlipidemias.

Hyperlipidemia is a known risk factor for atherosclerosis systemically. To determine whether it causes changes in retinal arterioles, a group of 26 patients with hyperlipidemia (serum cholesterol or triglycerides greater than 95th percentile for age) were compared with 22 "normal" patients (comparison group) and 35 patients with contralateral branch retinal vein occlusion to determine the presence or absence of changes in the retinal arterioles. The arterioles of all groups were evaluated in a masked fashion to determine the presence of arteriovenous nicking, "sclerosis," narrowing, and tortuosity. No differences in the retinal arterioles between the patients with hyperlipidemia and the comparison group were found. Patients with branch retinal vein occlusion in the contralateral eye had significantly more arteriovenous nicking and "sclerosis" than the other groups. These data suggest that hyperlipidemia by itself is not a risk factor for the development of retinal arteriolar changes. Thus examining the retinal arterioles would not be helpful in detecting hyperlipidemia.

Arterioles↗
PubMed1988

Pregnancy resulting from cryopreserved human embryos using a one-step in situ dilution procedure.

In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer require the use of hormonal manipulation and surgery that may reduce the receptivity of the patient's uterus during the stimulated cycle. Cryopreservation of human embryos eliminates the need for immediate transfer, permitting them to be stored until they can be transferred during subsequent unstimulated cycles. Embryo cryopreservation is an established procedure in the breeding of laboratory and domestic animals, but has only recently been applied to humans. We report on a pregnancy using a simple cryopreservation procedure that permits embryos to be diluted out of the cryoprotectant solution without removing them from the plastic straw in which they were cryopreserved.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Quantification of diabetic macular edema.

In a cross-sectional study, 34 diabetic patients with clinically significant macular edema underwent visual acuity testing, stereo fundus photography (graded for retinal thickening and hard exudates), fluorescein angiography (evaluated for macular leakage and the outline of the foveal avascular zone [FAZ]), and vitreous fluorophotometry (whereby posterior penetration ratios were calculated). This last ratio provided the highest single correlation with visual acuity; next highest were patient age and FAZ grading. Multivariate regression confirmed that these three variables together best predicted visual acuity. Lesser correlations with acuity were obtained with angiographic leakage and fundus photography grading. Cross-correlations among all gradings showed that indicators of breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier, ie, fluorophotometry, angiographic leakage, and retinal thickening, were significantly correlated with each other, whereas FAZ grading was independent of all these factors and correlated only with acuity. By performing vitreous fluorophotometry and fluorescein angiography, it is possible to quantitate two major components of diabetic maculopathy: breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier and macular ischemia, both of which are highly correlated with visual acuity.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Recruitment in the Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease (CSSCD).

The Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease (CSSCD) is a multiinstitutional investigation of the natural history of clinical course of sickle cell disease from birth through adulthood. The study is not a trial; rather, it involves data collection at 23 institutions in a uniform, standardized fashion on 3800 patients. Recruitment aspects that were addressed include issues related to recruitment of different age groups, ranging from newborns to pregnant women to patients over 50 years of age; the need to include mildly affected patients to ensure that the study would not reflect only a severe hospital-based population; recruitment from rural populations; and the need to screen and enter a newborn population at birth. The recruitment goal of entering 3200 patients, including 2100 patients with SS hemoglobinopathy, over a 24-month period was accomplished after 27 months.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

Visual acuity loss in patients with Stargardt's macular dystrophy.

Ninety-five patients with Stargardt's macular dystrophy were appraised for visual loss with age by both life-table analyses and cross-sectional procedures. The probability of maintaining a visual acuity of 20/40 or better in at least one eye was 52% by age 19, 32% by age 29, and 22% by age 39. In the population studied, once a patient's visual acuity dropped below 20/40, it tended to decrease rapidly and stabilize at 20/200. Fluorescein angiograms obtained on 64 of the 95 patients showed a "dark choroid" in 55 (85.9%). This finding, therefore was present in the majority of the patients, although its absence does not rule out Stargardt's macular dystrophy.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1987

Effect of inorganic phosphate in hypoxemic chronic obstructive lung disease patients during exercise.

We have shown that normal subjects exercise more efficiently with increased plasma phosphate, presumably due to decreased hemoglobin-oxygen affinity and thus enhanced tissue O2 extraction. We subjected nine stable hypoxemic COLD patients to exercise at 0 (control), 24 (experimental) and 48 hrs (recovery) after phosphate infusion. Baseline variables were identical for each time period. Exercise responses at 0 and 48 hours were also indistinguishable. Exercise response at 24 hrs differed from those at 0 and 48 hours as follows: widening of A-V O2 content difference was more pronounced (28 +/- 6 vs 15 +/- 6 ml/L, p less than 0.03) and the increment in tissue O2 extraction was larger (14 +/- 3 vs 8 +/- 3 percent, p less than 0.03). P50 and related variables did not change during the course of the study. Thus, like normal subjects, hypoxemic patients stimulated with phosphate administration can exercise perhaps more efficiently; but, in contrast to normal subjects, this effect cannot be attributed to changes in hemoglobin-oxygen affinity. These data suggest that phosphate administration may be beneficial in hypoxemic states where adequate tissue oxygenation cannot be achieved by other more conventional methods. The mechanism of this effect remains to be elucidated.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Electronic fluorography for the performance of cine hysterosalpingography.

We used electronic fluorography to perform hysterosalpingography in 25 women with infertility or abnormal bleeding. In contrast to the conventional modality of fluoroscopy with intermittent permanent imaging, an image intensifier was used to periodically record dye injection on a moving tape (cine hysterosalpingography). The mean number of electronic fluorographs taken per patient was 10.8 +/- 3.12 (mean +/- SD). The mean radiation exposure per patient for electronic fluorography was 113.4 +/- 52 versus 112 +/- 52.4 mR when a single conventional radiographic image was taken. We conclude that electronic fluorography is a simple yet accurate radiographic method that delivers to the gonads approximately one-eleventh the dose of ionizing radiation that current standard techniques do, and should be accepted as an alternative diagnostic modality.

Cineradiography↗