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Biomedical subjects

M Farré

Publications and source records attributed to M Farré.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Pharmacokinetics and tolerance of sertaconazole in man after repeated percutaneous administration.

The local and systemic tolerance of 7-chloro-3-[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H- imidazol-1-yl)ethoxy-methyl]benzo[b]thiophene (sertaconazole, FI-7045, CAS 99592-32-2) 2% cream was studied in healthy volunteers after cutaneous application in an increasing-dose schedule during 13 days. Blood and urine samples were collected after the application of 16 g of cream. Percentage of absorption was determined in eight 3 x 3 cm areas of the volar arm skin after 2 mg cream topical application. No changes on vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate and body temperature) or in the ECG were found during the trial. Sertaconazole did not produce skin irritation nor systemic side effects. Sertaconazole was not detected in either the serum and urine samples obtained. The percentage of cutaneous absorption at 24 h after administration reached 72% of the applied dose.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1991

[Digestive manifestations and metabolic acidosis secondary to intravenous administration of cotrimoxazol].

BACKGROUND: Digestive features and metabolic acidosis have been observed in patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia treated with intravenous high dose co-trimoxazole. METHODS: To evaluate this phenomenon, a retrospective study of 22 patients (group A) and a prospective study of 12 patients (group B) were carried out. Group B patients were investigated following a protocol lasting for the 21 days of treatment. RESULTS: Metabolic acidosis developed in 23 (67%) of the overall number of study patients, and it was associated with digestive features such as nausea, vomiting and epigastralgia in 12. One patient had digestive features without metabolic acidosis. Metabolic acidosis developed early, between the days 4 and 7 of administration of the drug. The mean value of bicarbonate at the onset of therapy was 24,55 mEq; the mean value in the patients with metabolic acidosis was 16,43 mEq. The overall mean value of base excess at the onset of therapy was -2,39, and it was -8,46 in the patients who developed metabolic acidosis. CONCLUSIONS: As in all patients other causes of metabolic acidosis were ruled out, it became obvious that intravenous co-trimoxazole was directly related to the development of digestive features and metabolic acidosis, which disappeared with bicarbonate administration or with cessation of therapy.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1991

Pharmacokinetic considerations in abuse liability evaluation.

The behavioral effects of a drug are related to three factors: its intrinsic pharmacological activity, its physicochemical properties, and its pharmacokinetic parameters. In many cases differences in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination may explain the different abuse liability profiles of drugs from within the same pharmacological class. Rapid absorption rate and high lipid solubility are the most important factors contributing to early drug concentrations in the brain. Differences in drug metabolism may be related to dose-dependent kinetics, first-pass metabolism, and variations in genetic traits (e.g. poor or extensive metabolizers). Metabolic pathways may produce active metabolites with similar or greater pharmacological activity than the parent substance. Drugs with a rapid elimination rate have been associated with greater self-administration and with early emergence of withdrawal symptoms. More pharmacokinetic studies are needed in human drug abuse liability evaluations. Knowledge of the plasma concentrations of drugs and their pharmacokinetic parameters can be essential to interpret differences among similar drugs in human abuse liability assessments.

Drug Evaluation↗
PubMed1989

A program for oriented treatment of essential hypertension.

Treatment of essential hypertension is often a complex task and needs appropriate methodology. A newly developed computer program can help physicians to choose the best pharmacological approach to the treatment of essential hypertension. Based on an oriented clinical history, the program asks the user to give the physiological, pathological and pharmacological antecedents of the patient to be treated. Taking into account these characteristics, 19 antihypertensive drugs are ordered according to their indications and contraindications in the patient. Diet advice based on body weight and the patient's habits are considered as well. The program is designed to explain why decisions are made, so it can be useful in teaching medical students or postgraduates.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of the nephrotoxicity and auditory toxicity of tobramycin and amikacin.

A total of 157 patients were treated with tobramycin or amikacin in a controlled prospective randomized trial. Dosages were adjusted to renal function according to a nomogram. Trough and peak aminoglycoside levels were available at the end of the trial. Of the above total, 113 recipients of nine or more doses of tobramycin or six or more doses of amikacin, without other apparent cause of renal failure, were evaluated for nephrotoxicity. Thirty-six patients were evaluated for auditory toxicity. The patients in groups evaluated for either nephrotoxicity or auditory toxicity were similar with respect to intensity and etiology of bacterial disease, concurrent exposure to other antimicrobial drugs, age and sex distribution, initial serum creatinine level, and total dose and duration of antimicrobial therapy. Nephrotoxicity of similar severity developed in 4 of 59 (6.8%) recipients of tobramycin and in 7 of 54 (13.1%) recipients of amikacin (P greater than 0.05). Mild auditory toxicity developed in 3 of 19 (15.7%) recipients of tobramycin and in 2 of 17 (11.7%) recipients of amikacin (P greater than 0.05). When patients with abnormally high mean trough or peak aminoglycoside levels were excluded from comparison, nephrotoxicity was 6.12 and 5.12% (P greater than 0.05) and auditory toxicity was 17.6 and 7.69% (P greater than 0.05) in the groups given tobramycin and amikacin, respectively. We conclude that the nephrotoxicity and auditory toxicity of amikacin and tobramycin are not significantly different and that such toxicities are indeed infrequent events when the dosages of these drugs are adjusted to hold blood levels within the safe boundaries suggested by the studies of others.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Drug-induced priapism. Its aetiology, incidence and treatment.

Priapism is characterised by a persistent erection that cannot be relieved by sexual intercourse or masturbation. Although priapism subsides spontaneously in a few days, impotence frequently follows. Both vascular and neural mechanisms are implicated in the pathophysiology of priapism, but it is not clear which initiates the process. Idiopathic cases of priapism are the most frequent (near 50%); other medical conditions that can result in priapism are haematological diseases (mainly sickle cell anaemia and leukaemia), traumatism, and neoplastic processes. Drug-induced priapism comprises about 30% of cases. The drugs most frequently implicated are psychotropic drugs (phenothiazines and trazodone), antihypertensives (mainly prazosin) and heparin. Recently, the intracavernosal injection of vasoactive drugs (papaverine and phentolamine) has been described in patients treated for impotence. With the exception of heparin, an alpha-adrenergic blocking mechanism has been suggested in the priapism-inducing action of these drugs. A significant number of anecdotal case reports link priapism and drugs, and it is possible that certain cases of idiopathic priapism could be reclassified if accurate pharmacological anamnesis were to be performed. Priapism must be considered a urological emergency. Surgical procedures are the most preferred treatment for this condition but, in selected cases, drug treatment seems to be an alternative approach.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cross-reactivity of stimulants found in sports drug testing by two fluorescence polarization immunoassays.

We investigated the usefulness of immunological methods for presumptive detection of stimulants found in sports drug testing. The ingestion of substances that show no cross-reactivity in tests commercially available for the detection of amphetamines can produce positive results in the urine. Human metabolism contributes to the positive results of some urine samples when the parent compound does not cross-react with the antibodies of the assay. Urine samples from healthy volunteers given stimulants were tested by chromatographic methods and by two different fluorescence polarization immunoassays (FPIA) from Abbott Laboratories for the analysis of amphetamines. According to the results obtained, we classified stimulants into four groups: detectable stimulants that gave rise to amphetamine by human metabolism (group 1); detectable ephedrines and related compounds, appearing in the urine either as parent compounds or originated by metabolism (group 2); detectable stimulants that displayed actual cross-reactivity with amphetamine tests (group 3); and stimulants not detected by FPIA (group 4). Most of the true doping cases due to the ingestion of stimulants may be detected by FPIA. The specificity of the results may be increased by combining immunological assays with different antibodies.

Amphetamine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Coronary disease protective factors: antioxidant effect of olive oil].

Alongside the French paradox, the REGICOR Study (Girona, Spain) has shown another paradox in the Mediterranean area: a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors with low incidence of myocardial infarction in the population of Girona, Spain. The antioxidant effects associated with olive oil consumption could explain part of this 'Mediterranean Paradox'. Virgin olive oils processed by two centrifugation phases and with low fruit ripeness have the highest levels of antioxidant content. The total content of phenolic compounds (PC) from virgin olive oil could delay LDL oxidation. The content and nature of olive oil PC have a high influence in the antioxidant capacity of an olive oil. PC from diet could bind human LDL in non-supplemented volunteers. PC from virgin olive oil could bind LDL and tyrosol is bioavailable in humans from ingestion of virgin olive oil in its natural form.

Antioxidants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Differences in the subjective effects of drugs in patients with a first psychotic episode. Preliminary results].

INTRODUCTION: The study of the subjective effects of abuse substances may facilitate comprehension of the high prevalence of substance abuse in psychosis. OBJECTIVE: To assess the subjective effects of psychoactive substances in psychotic patients with substance use disorder in a prospective open study with a 6 month evaluation. METHODS: Thirty patients consecutively admitted for the first time to a psychiatric hospital because of a psychotic disorder (DSM-IV) were included. Sociodemographic data, substance use history, drug urine test, and severity of psychotic symptoms measured by BPRS, SANS and SAPS were evaluated. The subjective effects of drugs were assessed with the short form of the ARCI questionnaire. Patients were re-assessed at six months followup. RESULTS: Sixty-three percent of patients were male, mean age 29.2 years. A total of 46.6% presented at least one substance use disorder. Differences between substance users group and non-substance users group were only related to sex (more male in substance user group), and no other sociodemographic and clinical differences were found. The main abuse drugs found were: 86% cannabis, 17% cocaine, 17% alcohol, 3% heroin and 3% hypnosedatives. Fifty percent only consumed cannabis. The psychotic patients with substance use disorder showed higher punctuation in MBG scale (euphoria scale); no differences in other ARCI scales were found. At six months follow-up, 83.3% patients were re-assessed and no differences were found. CONCLUSIONS: The psychotic patients with substance use disorder showed a higher subjective effect of euphoria than non-substance user psychotics, suggesting that drug use is mainly related to obtaining euphoria-like effects than sedatives in this group.

Adult↗