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Biomedical subjects

M Faure

Publications and source records attributed to M Faure.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Waldman's disease. Primary intestinal lymphangiectasis].

INTRODUCTION: Primary intestinal lymphangiectasias are often associated with lymphoedema. OBSERVATION: The diagnosis was performed at 4 months when Maxime presented with lymphoedema, diarrhea, hypoprotidemia and hypolipemia. Duodenum biopsies revealed intestinal lymphangiectasias. An hyperprotidic and low fat diet, medium chain triglyceride-supplemented and an elastic contention allowed a decline of the oedemas. DISCUSSION: We report one case of Waldman's disease. It shows very well the typical circumstances of diagnosis in this disease and the two types of oedema (lymphoedema and hypoprotidic oedema).

Dietary Proteins↗
PubMed1996

[Unilateral acro-keratoelastoidosis].

INTRODUCTION: Acrokeratoelastoidosis was first described by O. Costa in 1953. We report a new case with a unilateral localization. CASE REPORT: A 27-year-old woman had atypical acrokeratoelastoidosis lesions of the right hand and foot since adolescence. Diagnosis was confirmed by histology. DISCUSSION: Several cases of acrokeratoelastoidosis have been reported in the literature, but this case is novel because of the unilateral localization. We recall the characteristic features of this disease and emphasize the heterogeneous nature of the manifestations. Differential diagnosis is discussed for this disease which is one of the group of acral lenticular keratoses.

Acrodermatitis↗
PubMed1996

[Malignant syphilis in human immunodeficiency virus infection].

INTRODUCTION: The associated infection with Treponema pallidum and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was responsible for the return of malignant syphilis. CASE REPORT: We report a case of malignant syphilis which revealed a HIV seropositivity. The lesions were typical. Serological features were in accordance with the diagnosis. A treatment with penicillin was prescribed and there was no relapse after five years. DISCUSSION: The diagnosis of malignant syphilis in a HIV positive patient may be difficult. The course of the disease may be serious and a prolonged treatment with high doses of penicillin is often necessary. The occurrence of the malignant syphilis in HIV positive patients is not fortuitous and seems to be related to an abnormal immunity.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1995

Emergence in C kappa knockout mice of a diverse cytotoxic T lymphocyte repertoire that recognizes a single peptide from the immunoglobulin constant kappa light chain region.

Allotype- or idiotype-specific CD4+ T cells have been reported to recognize immunoglobulin (Ig) peptides presented by class II molecules. In contrast, few data are available concerning the generation of Ig peptide-specific CD8+ T cells. We have therefore investigated whether T-depleted spleen cells from Ig kappa light chain-expressing 129/Sv mice (129 kappa +/+) could induce, in C kappa knockout mice (129 kappa -/-), the generation of Ig constant kappa light chain region (C kappa)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). The determination of TCR beta chain expressed by nine CTL clones, together with the use of a library of overlapping peptides spanning the whole C kappa sequence, show that the B cells from kappa +/+ mice are able to elicit in C kappa knockout mice, the emergence of a diverse CTL repertoire that recognizes one single C kappa peptide presented by the H-2Kb class I molecule. In addition, these data support the notion that B cells are able to process and present on their class I molecules, peptides generated from their own kappa light chains.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Comparative epidemiologic study of premalignant and malignant epithelial cutaneous lesions developing after kidney and heart transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous carcinomas are the most frequent cancers in organ transplant recipients. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to compare the epidemiologic data of cutaneous premalignant and malignant epithelial lesions in kidney and heart transplant recipients. METHODS: A total of 580 kidney and 150 heart transplant recipients were examined for the presence of premalignant and malignant epithelial lesions. RESULTS: A twofold increase in incidence of premalignant and malignant epithelial lesions was found in heart compared with kidney transplant recipients. Heart transplant recipients were older at transplantation, received more intense immunosuppressive treatment, and had a shorter delay from transplantation to the development of the first lesion. The squamous cell carcinoma/basal cell carcinoma ratio was 2.37:1 in kidney and 1.08:1 in heart transplant recipients. The extracephalic location represented 60% of the premalignant and malignant epithelial lesions in kidney and 30% in heart transplant recipients. CONCLUSION: Cutaneous premalignant and malignant epithelial lesions in kidney and heart transplant recipients show epidemiologic differences that can tentatively be explained by the older age and the more intense immunosuppressive treatment of heart transplant recipients.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Gi2-mediated activation of the MAP kinase cascade.

The Gi class of heterotrimeric G proteins has been implicated in transmitting mitogenic signals from a variety of seven-transmembrane domain receptors. In addition, the alpha subunit of Gi2 (alpha i2) is oncogenic when mutated to a constitutively active form (gip2). The mechanism by which Gi2 stimulates cellular proliferation is unknown, but is believed to involve activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade. To study Gi2 activation of the cascade, we transiently expressed a mutant, pertussis toxin (PTX)-resistant alpha i2 in Chinese hamster ovary cells. After PTX treatment of these cells, Gi-coupled receptors specifically activated PTX-resistant Gi2 without activating other Gi proteins. Receptor-mediated activation of Gi2 led to activation of MAPK and its upstream activator, MAPK/ERK-activating kinase (MEK). Activation of MAPK and MEK by Gi2 was blocked by expression of a dominant-negative mutant of Ras. Gi2 activation did not, however, detectably increase the proportion of Ras protein in the GTP-bound form. Additional experiments suggest that Gi2 stimulates the MAPK pathway, at least in part, by mechanisms that involve release of its beta gamma subunit, as well as activation of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Differential effects on cAMP on the MAP kinase cascade: evidence for a cAMP-insensitive step that can bypass Raf-1.

Because cAMP exerts opposite effects on cell proliferation in different cell types, we undertook to study its effect on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in three cell lines (Rat-1, Swiss-3T3, and COS-7) chosen for their different mitogenic responses to cAMP. We measured the effect of cAMP on MAPK, MEK, and Raf-1 activities after stimulation by agonists acting through a tyrosine kinase receptor (epidermal growth factor) or a G protein-coupled receptor (lysophosphatidic acid). In Rat-1 cells we found that cAMP strongly inhibited all three activities (MAPK, MEK, and Raf-1), in good agreement with its effect on cell proliferation in these cells. In Swiss-3T3 and COS-7 cells, on the contrary, cAMP did not inhibit epidermal growth factor- and lysophosphatidic acid-induced stimulation of MAPK and MEK activities, and even stimulated MAPK activity slightly on its own. Again these results are in good agreement with the proliferative effect of cAMP in Swiss-3T3 cells. Raf-1 activity on the hand, was inhibited by cAMP in Swiss-3T3 and COS-7 as it was in Rat-1 cells. This result indicates that signaling pathways in Swiss-3T3 and COS-7 cells can activate MEK and MAPK in a Raf-1-independent and cAMP-insensitive manner. Our results add to growing evidence for the existence of Ras- and/or Raf-1-independent pathways leading to MEK and MAPK activation.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1995

[Diagnosis of Babesia bigemina with the immunoperoxydase test].

An immunoperoxidase assay for the serological diagnosis of Babesia bigemina was developed. The antigen slides were prepared from B. bigemina-infected blood and stored at -20 degrees C. One hundred and sixty five sera were tested, comparing the immunoperoxidase assay to the indirect fluorescent antibody test. A coincidence of 95% was observed between both tests. For the immunoperoxidase assay, a relative sensitivity of 94.8%, a relative specificity of 95.5%, and a positive predictive value of 96.8% were calculated. The results demonstrated the efficacy of this technique for detecting antibodies to B. bigemina.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Cutaneous manifestations of sarcoidosis].

Skin involvement in sarcoidosis is common and may occur as very early symptoms. Since skin biopsy is easy, these manifestations allow a rapid diagnosis. Erythema nodosum is a non specific symptom, and rare other non specific manifestations may occur. Skin lesions are mostly specific, with an epithelioid granuloma, lack of classification and a few giant cells. The clinical spectrum is very large, and the diagnosis is often made with regards to histopathological features only.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

cAMP and beta gamma subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins stimulate the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in COS-7 cells.

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are activated by a variety of extracellular stimuli, including agonists for G protein-coupled receptors. Using transient transfection of COS-7 cells, we have studied the stimulation of a hemagglutinin-tagged p44mapk (p44HA-mapk) by receptors coupled to Gs, Gq, and Gi. Agonists that act via all three G proteins stimulated p44HA-mapk activity. A constitutively activated alpha s mutant, forskolin, and a cAMP analog also increased p44HA-mapk activity, indicating that cAMP in COS-7 cells, in contrast to other cell types, activates the MAPK pathway. Similarly, a constitutively activated alpha q mutant, overexpression of phospholipase C-beta 2, and a phorbol ester also stimulated p44HA-mapk, suggesting that Gq-coupled receptors stimulate the MAPK pathway by increasing phosphatidylinositol turnover and probably stimulating protein kinase C. In COS-7 cells, in contrast to Rat-1 cells, mutationally activated alpha i did not stimulate the MAPK pathway. G protein beta and gamma subunits, overexpressed together, did activate p44HA-mapk; this finding suggests that in COS-7 cells Gi-coupled receptors may stimulate the MAPK pathway through beta gamma. These unexpected results in COS-7 cells show that G proteins and second messengers regulate the MAPK pathway differently in different cell types.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Disseminated superficial porokeratosis in a patient with AIDS.

We report the case of a 50-year-old male homosexual suffering from AIDS, who developed diffuse annular hyperkeratotic lesions on the arms and legs. Histopathological examination revealed typical features of porokeratosis, which clinically was of the disseminated superficial type. Ultrastructural examination showed a paucity of keratohyalin granules and lamellar bodies. Immunohistochemical studies showed an almost complete absence of Langerhans cells in lesional epidermis. Involucrin and filaggrin expression were altered in areas of cornoid lamella formation, whereas basal keratinocytes in these areas expressed PCNA/cyclin and, to a lesser degree, p53 protein. Porokeratosis may affect immunocompetent patients, but has also been reported in the setting of immunosuppression following organ transplantation. As far as we are aware, the development of porokeratosis during the course of HIV infection has not been reported previously.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

Linear IgA bullous dermatosis of childhood with autoantibodies to a 230 kDa epidermal antigen.

Linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD) is an autoimmune, subepidermal disease defined on the basis of direct immunofluorescence findings. However, more recent techniques used to study bullous dermatoses suggest that LABD may be heterogeneous. A patient with LABD of childhood (chronic benign disease of childhood, CBDC) was studied by indirect immunofluorescence on salt-split skin and by Western blot in an attempt to characterize the involved autoantigen. This young girl's periorificial (mouth, genitalia), erythematovesicular lesions were diagnosed initially as herpes simplex. Histologic examination revealed eosinophilic spongiosis, suggesting the diagnosis of an autoimmune blistering disease. Direct immunofluorescence showed an exclusive linear IgA deposit at the dermoepidermal junction. Indirect immunofluorescence revealed circulating IgA autoantibodies that reacted with the epidermal side of salt-split skin; these reacted by Western blot with a 230 kDa epidermal antigen, as in bullous pemphigoid. This case, fulfilling the diagnostic clinical and direct immunofluorescence criteria for LABD/CBDC, seems to represent IgA bullous pemphigoid. It further underscores the nosologic heterogeneity of LABD, which probably includes, apart from bullous pemphigoid, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita and cicatricial pemphigoid.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1994

[Pemphigoid in children].

INTRODUCTION: Bullous pemphigoid is rare during the childhood. The authors report the 51st case. CASE REPORT: Jeremie, a seven-month-old baby, had atypical bullous lesions. Histological examination, direct and indirect immunofluorescence were in favor of bullous pemphigoid. COMMENTS: Clinical and biological features of bullous pemphigoid are similar in the adult and in the infant. First treatment is represented by corticosteroids. Evolution is generally very good.

Facial Dermatoses↗