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Biomedical subjects

M Faust

Publications and source records attributed to M Faust.

102 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1970

Calcium transport in apple trees.

(45)Ca, applied to roots of apple seedlings, moved readily to the developing leaves. Kinetin, benzyladenine, and B sprays increased movement. NO(3) (-) as the source of N increased movement and accumulation of Ca into mature leaves; NH(4) (+) increased movement into new leaves. Translocation in the stem is effected by a nonspecific ion exchange. Any divalent cation can free Ca for ascent. The exchange may be a property of lignin. Genetic differences in the uptake and translocation of Ca exist among apple seedlings. Those which show juvenile leaf characteristics translocate Ca into mature leaves more readily. Translocation of Ca in woody species appears to be similar to that reported for herbaceous plants.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1970

Glucose metabolism of various tissues of pear buds.

Various tissues in flower buds of Pyrus calleryana Decne. differ in their metabolic activity. Brown outer scales utilized more exogenously supplied glucose, particularly through the pentose phosphate pathway, than did the central axes and the green inner scales. They also contained more endogenous reducing sugars, and glucose leaked out more readily from the brown scales than from the other tissues. In contrast, respiration of the central axes was nine times as great as that of the brown scales, and two to four times as much glucose was metabolized through glycolysis. Membranes of the central axes were less permeable to glucose. Because the brown scales are 75% of the dry weight of the bud, they dominate its pattern of glucose metabolism.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1969

Pear bud metabolism: seasonal changes in glucose utilization.

Utilization of glucose, uracil and valine by flower and leaf buds of seedling pear trees (Pyrus calleryana Decne.) from the time of flower bud initiation to flowering was investigated. A very high rate of glucose utilization through the pentose phosphate pathway was observed throughout the development of buds. There was no difference in the type of glucose metabolism between flower and leaf buds except immediately before flowering, when the metabolism in flower buds was shifted toward the glycolytic pathway. Such a shift did not occur in leaf buds. The incorporation of uracil and valine into the nucleic acid and protein fraction of buds, respectively, was high throughout bud development, perhaps indicating a high rate of turnover in the resting buds. Incorporation of both compounds decreased when buds started to expand prior to flowering.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1966

Ontogenetic changes in respiratory pathways in cortland apple skin during storage.

Ontogenic changes in respiratory pathways of skins of detached apple fruits were measured during a 4 month period. Results showed that an increase in pentose pathway occurred with increasing senescence in this tissue. Variation in temperature at any given age did not result in an alteration of the C(6)/C(1) ratio. CO(2) evolution from the pentose pathway in senescent fruit was directly related to O(2) uptake. Glucose uptake increased with increasing senescence indicating a change in cell permeability.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Regulations for combined effects of pollutants: consequences from risk assessment in aquatic toxicology.

In the analysis of combined effects two reference concepts are currently considered as equally valid for the assessment of mixture toxicities: these are LOEWE additivity (concentration addition) and BLISS independence (response addition) (Greco et al., 1995). The aim of this study of 137 binary mixtures of pesticides and surfactants using an algal biotest was to find rational procedures for the assessment of mixture toxicities in the aquatic environment. By introducing an index on prediction quality the quantitative relationships between predicted and observed effects are evaluated for each concept. It is shown that LOEWE additivity leads to good predictions of mixture toxicities for most combinations, whereas BLISS independence tends to underestimate mixture toxicities. By this it is reaffirmed that there is a solid basis for forthcoming regulatory activities on mixtures of chemicals.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

LD, interpersonal understanding, and social behavior in the classroom.

This study used Baron and Kenny's (1986) criteria for mediation to investigate the extent to which interpersonal understanding mediates the relation between learning disabilities (LD) and social adaptation in the classroom. Twenty-two children with and 22 children without a diagnosis of LD completed a semistructured developmental clinical interview measure of interpersonal understanding. They were also rated by their fourth- and fifth-grade teachers on a measure of social adaptation in the classroom. Interpersonal understanding and social adaptation in the classroom were found to be positively correlated. Children with LD exhibited less interpersonal understanding and social adaptation. Although this group difference on social adaptation was greatly reduced when interpersonal understanding was statistically controlled, it remained statistically significant. These results suggest that reduced social adaptation in the classroom and lower interpersonal understanding are both associated with a diagnosis of LD. However, they do not conclusively support the claim that interpersonal understanding mediates the relation between LD and social adaptation. Thus, whether the social difficulties of people with LD stem from the same complex phenomena that produce these people's learning problems remains an open question.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Storytelling as an age-dependent skill: oral recall of orally presented stories.

During experiment 1, three taped prose passages read by college student, middle-aged, or old tellers were orally recalled by college students in an incidental memory paradigm. More story units were remembered as the age of the teller increased (r = +.642, p less than .05). Comparison of these results, with prior research using written, as opposed to oral, presentation and recall of these stories, showed no differences in specific story units remembered. Teller age predicted recall on the two "storied" passages. These passages elicited more favorable comments from listeners when read by older tellers. The third, descriptive passage was less favorably regarded by listeners hearing older tellers. During experiment 2, taped storied passages read by middle-aged tellers were falsely attributed to young, middle-aged, or old persons before the college students listened. Incidental recall did not show an age of teller effect in this case, but the listener's evaluation of the speaker exhibited age-dependent stereotypes. It was concluded that 1) physical qualities of older voices lead to more effective oral transmission; 2) that one expects to receive certain types of oral information from older persons; and 3) that a mismatch between physical vocal quality and age attribution effects evaluation of the speaker, not recall of the information.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Understanding metaphoric sentences in the two cerebral hemispheres.

Previous studies indicate that the right hemisphere (RH) has a unique role in maintaining activation of metaphoric single word meanings. The present study investigated hemispheric asymmetries in comprehending metaphoric word meanings within a sentence context. Participants were presented with incomplete priming sentences followed by (literally) true, false, or metaphoric lateralized target words and were asked to decide whether each sentence is literally true or false. Results showed that responses to metaphoric sentences were slower and less accurate than to false sentences when target words were presented to the right visual field (RVF)-LH as well as to the left visual field (LVF)-RH. This suggests that the understanding of lexical metaphors within a sentence context involves LH as well as RH processing mechanisms and that the role of each hemisphere in processing nonliteral language is flexible and may depend on the linguistic task at hand.

Adult↗