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Biomedical subjects

M Finkelstein

Publications and source records attributed to M Finkelstein.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Immune function of cryopreserved avian peripheral white blood cells: potential biomarkers of contaminant effects in wild birds.

Contaminants can cause detrimental effects in wild birds. However, these effects are difficult to measure in all but the most severe cases. Immune function is a sensitive and meaningful biological marker of contaminant-induced effects in captive birds but has more limitations in wild birds due in part to the lack of a proven blood preservation method. We developed methods to assess ex vivo immune function in wild birds using cryopreserved peripheral white blood cells (WBCs). We assessed the effects of cryopreservation on WBC viability and functionality in two immunoassays (concavalin A-induced T lymphocyte proliferation and macrophage phagocytosis) in domestic chickens (Gallus spp.: white Wyandottes and Dominiques) and validated this approach on cryopreserved WBC samples from wild American coots (Fulicia americana). Cryopreservation of chicken WBCs caused a slight but significant decrease in cell viability (99% +/- 0.2 SE for fresh cells versus 84% +/- 2 SE for cryopreserved cells, p = 0.001, Mann-Whitney U, n = 8). No difference was detected in viability between cells that were cryopreserved for less than 10 days (88% +/- 3.7 SE) and more than 50 days (89% +/- 1.3 SE) (n = 6). Overall, there was no statistical difference in the performance of cryopreserved cells compared to fresh cells. Across multiple experiments, cryopreserved T lymphocytes exhibited 200-900% stimulated proliferation above nonstimulated cells, and 40-80% of cryopreserved macrophages ingested yeast. 9,10,Dimethyl-1,2-benz-anthracene (DMBA) reduced proliferation and phagocytosis in cryopreserved cells over an ex vivo exposure range of 0-170 microM DMBA. Tests of immune function on American coot WBCs cryopreserved for up to 10 months (viability of 72% +/- 2.5 SE, n = 24) were similar to the cryopreserved chicken WBCs. This study will facilitate greater use of ex vivo immune function assays as tools to study effects of contaminant exposure in wildlife by demonstrating the viability and functionality of cryopreserved avian cells.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Deciduous canine and permanent lateral incisor differential root resorption.

When a permanent maxillary canine erupts apical to the permanent lateral incisor and the deciduous canine, resorption typically takes place only on the deciduous canine root. An understanding of this differential resorption could provide insight into the reasons for excessive iatrogenic root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement. The purpose of the present study was to examine the response of roots of permanent lateral incisors and deciduous canines to simulated resorption, and to acid and enzyme attack, reflecting the physiologic environment of an erupting permanent canine. Groups of maxillary permanent lateral incisor and deciduous canine roots were exposed to 5 combinations of Ten Cate demineralizing solution, Ten Cate demineralizing solution with EDTA, and a Type I collagenase solution. Sections of the roots were examined under a polarized light microscope. Analysis of variation of the resulting root lesions demonstrated that the lesion depths for deciduous canines were greater than those for permanent lateral incisors when averaged across 4 of the conditions (F(1,24) = 7.49, P =.0115). On average, deciduous canine roots demonstrated lesions 10% deeper than did permanent lateral incisor roots. We concluded that when deciduous canine and permanent lateral incisor roots are subjected to acid and enzyme attack, reflecting the physiologic environment of an erupting permanent canine, significantly deeper demineralized lesions are seen in the deciduous roots compared with the permanent roots. This finding may partially explain the differential root resorption during permanent tooth eruption.

Acids↗
PubMed2000

HIV and AIDS in inpatient dermatology. Approach to the consultation.

In the inpatient setting, the dermatologic consultant is called on to address the whole spectrum of cutaneous disease seen in HIV/AIDS patients, with severity varying from severe life-threatening to less serious conditions that dramatically affect quality of life. Rather than reviewing a "laundry list" of conditions associated with HIV/AIDS or the most severe conditions, this article aims to demonstrate a systematic approach to inpatient dermatology consultation in HIV/AIDS patients and to briefly review several common and interesting topics frequently addressed in the inpatient setting (e.g., medications issues, and phototherapy in HIV-infected patients).

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1997

Projectile metallic foreign bodies in the orbit: a retrospective study of epidemiologic factors, management, and outcomes.

PURPOSE: Intraorbital projectile metallic foreign bodies are associated with significant ocular and orbital injuries. The authors sought to evaluate epidemiologic factors, the incidence of associated ocular and orbital injury, and the nature and necessity of surgical intervention in these cases. METHODS: Charts of all patients with projectile intraorbital metallic foreign bodies seen at our institution (27) over the preceding 7 years were evaluated with respect to age, sex, type of injury, associated ocular and orbital injuries, location of the projectile (anterior, epibulbar, or posterior), postinjury visual acuity, and surgical intervention. RESULTS: The majority of patients were male, between the ages of 11 and 30, and had BB pellet injuries. Thirteen projectiles were lodged anteriorly, 4 were in an epibulbar position, and the remaining 10 were posterior to the equator. Twelve of 13 anterior, and 4 of 4 epibulbar foreign bodies were removed surgically, whereas only 2 of 10 posterior foreign bodies required surgery. No case of surgical intervention resulted in a decrease of visual acuity. Associated ocular injuries were both more common and severe in patients with posteriorly located foreign bodies. Final visual acuity was better at presentation and at discharge in patients with anteriorly located foreign bodies. CONCLUSION: Intraorbital projectile metallic foreign bodies can be a source of significant ocular morbidity. Management of these cases is dependent on the location of the projectile. Ancillary radiographic studies can be helpful. Surgery to remove the projectile should be considered in each case, but foreign bodies that are not readily accessible often may be left safely in place. Closer regulation of the pellet gun industry, with an emphasis on education and protective eyewear use, would be helpful in reducing these injuries.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1996

Reduction in signal overlap results in increased FISH efficiency: implications for preimplantation genetic diagnosis.

BACKGROUND: In the absence of mosaicism, one of the problems of preimplantation genetic diagnosis with FISH is the occurrence of false-negative hybridization results. It has been hypothesized that missing signals are produced by spatial overlap of signals. METHODS AND RESULTS: To investigate the relation among cell density, signal overlap, and hybridization signal detection, 371 blastomeres and 4556 lymphocytes were fixed in different cellular concentrations and analyzed by FISH using probes for chromosomes X, Y, and 18, and their nuclear diameters and FISH results scored. The results showed that the lower the diameter of fixed nuclei, the higher the number of signal overlaps and missing signals. The minimum number of missing signals was obtained when lymphocyte and blastomere nuclei had 40 or more microns in diameter after fixation and FISH. Since blastomeres were fixed individually, results with blastomeres were invariably better than with lymphocytes.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1995

Relapsing acute myeloid leukemia manifesting as hypopyon uveitis.

PURPOSE: Although acute lymphoblastic leukemia may masquerade as hypopyon uveitis, acute myeloid leukemia has only rarely been reported to cause this complication, and ocular relapse generally has been associated with evidence of malignant cells at other sites. We studied a patient with acute myeloid leukemia whose only sign of relapse was bilateral anterior uveitis with pseudohypopyon that was refractory to topical and systemic corticosteroids. METHODS: A 26-year-old woman with acute myeloid leukemia in remission, who had bilateral anterior uveitis and increased intraocular pressure at initial examination, was studied clinically. Blood films, bone marrow smears, and preparations were examined by using immunoperoxidase staining. RESULTS: Although there was no evidence of leukemia in the blood or bone marrow samples, the cells obtained from the anterior chamber showed myeloblastic leukemic cells with morphologic characteristics similar to those present in the original bone marrow biopsy obtained 14 months previously. Irradiation and chemotherapy were used to kill the malignant cells in the eye and central nervous system. The persisting glaucoma resolved after anterior chamber washout of necrotic tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS: Unusual features of uveitis in this patient indicated that she had a masquerade syndrome, despite normal results of bone marrow and blood film tests. Aspiration of intraocular cellular infiltrate for cytopathologic examination was required to obtain the correct diagnosis and enable treatment to commence without delay.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Sex distribution in arrested precompacted human embryos.

Evidence of sexual dimorphism before fetal gonadal differentiation in mammals has been accumulating, suggesting that male embryos develop faster than female ones. The current investigation was performed to evaluate whether the development rate of precompacted human embryos is controlled by sex chromosomes. Sex was determined by polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridisation in 172 arrested embryos derived from in vitro fertilisation. The sex ratio (1.02:0.98) did not differ significantly from 1:1. Although more males appeared to have greater fragmentation, the difference between the sex ratios of highly fragmented and normal embryos (1.08:0.92) was not significant. Arrested female embryos had a tendency to exhibit more than five nuclei and less than 10% fragmentation, but the trend was not statistically significant. The current results suggest that the first developmental block in human embryos occurs prior to and shortly after genomic activation and is not determined by the presence of the Y chromosome.

Blastomeres↗
PubMed1990

Invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the mandible presenting as a chronic osteomyelitis: report of a case.

A case of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the mandible initially thought to be chronic osteomyelitis is reviewed. Discussion of the origin of the tumor and several imaging techniques used for differentiating maxillofacial infection from neoplasm are discussed. The difficulty of diagnosis of chronic painful maxillofacial lesions illustrates the need for a high degree of suspicion concerning any inflammatory lesion not responding to appropriate therapy. Accurate diagnosis and treatment of such lesions most often necessitates microscopic examination.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Technetium-99m antimony sulphide colloid lymphoscintigraphy of the prostate by direct transrectal injection.

Laterality of prostatic lymphatic drainage was successfully assessed in nine patients with prostatic carcinoma after direct unilateral transrectal injections of 99Tcm-antimony sulphide colloid by Franzen needle. Pelvic lymphatic drainage was equally divided between ipsilateral, contralateral and bilateral patterns. The frequent observation of radiocolloid migration to contralateral lymph node groups in patients with prostate carcinoma, including those with primary disease localized clinically to a single lobe of the prostate, indicates the potential for contralateral pelvic lymph node metastases in this population. This finding may be important in determining the appropriate surgical staging and treatment of patients with prostate carcinoma. The clinical applicability of lymphoscintigraphy in the evaluation of metastatic spread and in lymph node biopsy planning requires further study.

Administration, Rectal↗
PubMed1989

A law of small numbers for a mutation process.

A system of particles will consist of 2n particles at time n, n = 0,1,2,...; each of the particles is either blue or white. At time 0 the particle is white. In the time interval (0,1) this particle mutates to blue with probability p. At time 1 the particle splits into two particles of the same color. At any time n greater than or equal to 1 the 2n particles act independently of each other and of their ancestral histories; during the time interval (n, n + 1) each white particle mutates to blue with probability p, and each blue particle mutates to white with probability alpha. The problem is to find the distribution of the number, Xn, of blue particles at time n - 0 when n is large and p = pn and alpha = alpha n are small.

Mathematics↗
PubMed1989

The role of cluster analysis on traditional cephalometric dimensions.

In order to categorize (classify) craniofacial forms, varying linear dimensional arrays from a series of pretreatment cephalographs ('A' records) were subjected to cluster analysis. The derived subgroups (clusters) not only showed inconsistencies in their component patients, but also their 'nearest neighbors', i.e. cases identified as being most similar to one another. This study, therefore, emphasized the need to devise more appropriate cephalometric appraisal techniques for patient categorization (diagnosis).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Mortality among workers receiving compensation awards for silicosis in Ontario 1940-85.

The mortality experience of 1190 miners and 289 surface industry workers receiving workers' compensation awards for silicosis in Ontario since 1940 has been studied up to mid-1985. Both groups were found to have a significantly increased mortality from lung cancer (miners' SMR: 230; surface workers' SMR: 302) and stomach cancer (miners' SMR: 188; surface workers' SMR: 366). Adjustment for smoking and country of origin did not explain the excesses observed. The lung cancer findings are consistent with observations from silicosis registries in Europe. Possible explanatory factors are discussed.

Cause of Death↗